Environmental Management - 0680 CIE

Fracking

Bayani Gaba-gaba

Deep below the surface, locked inside dense shale rock, lie huge reserves of natural gas and oil that ordinary drilling cannot reach. Fracking is the controversial technique that cracks open this rock to release the fuel. It has transformed the energy supply of some countries, yet it is banned in others. Few topics in environmental management divide opinion so sharply, pitting energy security and jobs against fears for water, air and the ground itself.

In this short but important lesson you will learn exactly what fracking is and how it works, from drilling the borehole to pumping in the fracturing fluid of water, sand and chemicals. You will then weigh the benefits and limitations on both sides of the argument, the balanced judgement the exam expects when a topic is this contested.

Manufura

1.6.1 Define fracking as the extraction of natural gas or petroleum from shale rock by hydraulic fracturing.
1.6.2 Discuss the benefits and limitations of fracking.

Takardar Darasi

As conventional oil and gas reserves run low, countries are tempted by the vast amounts of fuel trapped in shale rock. Fracking can unlock this fuel and reduce reliance on imported energy, but it also raises serious environmental and health concerns. Deciding whether to allow it is one of the clearest examples of the trade-off at the heart of environmental management: weighing the benefit of a resource against the cost of getting it.

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Nazarin Darasi

Barka da kammala darasi akan Fracking. Yanzu da kuka bincika mahimman raayoyi da raayoyi, lokaci yayi da zaku gwada ilimin ku. Wannan sashe yana ba da ayyuka iri-iri Tambayoyin da aka tsara don ƙarfafa fahimtar ku da kuma taimaka muku auna fahimtar ku game da kayan.

Za ka gamu da haɗe-haɗen nau'ikan tambayoyi, ciki har da tambayoyin zaɓi da yawa, tambayoyin gajeren amsa, da tambayoyin rubutu. Kowace tambaya an ƙirƙira ta da kyau don auna fannoni daban-daban na iliminka da ƙwarewar tunani mai zurfi.

Yi wannan ɓangaren na kimantawa a matsayin wata dama don ƙarfafa fahimtarka kan batun kuma don gano duk wani yanki da kake buƙatar ƙarin karatu. Kada ka yanke ƙauna da duk wani ƙalubale da ka fuskanta; maimakon haka, ka kallesu a matsayin damar haɓaka da ingantawa.

Fracking is used to extract gas and oil from which type of rock? A. Granite B. Marble C. Shale D. Basalt Answer: C
In the fracking fluid, the purpose of the sand is to: A. Crack open the rock B. Hold the cracks open C. Dissolve the gas D. Cool the drill Answer: B
Which of the following is an argument in favour of fracking? A. It can trigger earth tremors B. It uses large amounts of water C. It reduces the need to import gas D. It releases toxic chemicals Answer: C
Which of these is an environmental concern about fracking? A. It creates local jobs B. Toxic chemicals could pollute the water table C. Gas pollutes less than coal D. It improves energy security Answer: B
The material used to keep cracks in the shale open is called the: A. Overburden B. Aquifer C. Proppant D. Leachate Answer: C