Economics - 4EC1 PearsonEdexcel

Business Competition

Bayani Gaba-gaba

Walk down any high street and you will see two very different kinds of business: a corner shop selling almost identical bread and milk to twenty rivals within walking distance, and a single national water company that every household in the region must buy from because there is no alternative supplier. Both are real market structures, and the amount of competition each firm faces changes almost everything about how it behaves.

In this lesson you will travel along the spectrum of market structures from highly competitive markets to monopoly, examine why some firms grow large while others deliberately stay small, and unpack the barriers that keep monopolies and oligopolies protected from new rivals. You will finish able to judge, for a given market, whether more competition or more concentration serves consumers better.

Manufura

  1. Advantages and disadvantages of competition to firms, consumers and the economy, including efficiency, choice, quality, innovation, price
  2. Advantages and disadvantages of large firms and small firms
  3. Factors influencing the growth of firms: government regulation, access to finance, economies of scale, the desire to spread risk, the desire to take over competitors
  4. Reasons firms stay small: size of market, nature of market (niche), lack of finance, aims of the entrepreneur
  5. Definition of monopoly
  6. Main features of monopoly: one business dominates the market, unique product, price-maker, barriers to entry (legal barriers, patents, marketing budgets, technology, high start-up costs)
  7. Advantages and disadvantages of monopoly: efficiency, choice, quality, innovation, price, economies of scale
  8. Definition of oligopoly
  9. Main features of oligopoly: few firms, large firms dominate, different products, barriers to entry, collusion, non-price competition, price competition
  10. Advantages and disadvantages of oligopoly: choice, quality, innovation, collusion and cartels fixing high prices, price wars between oligopolies

Takardar Darasi

Every market sits somewhere on a spectrum. At one end, a huge number of small firms sell a near-identical product and none of them is big enough to influence the market price on their own; economists call this perfect competition, and fresh-vegetable stalls or small family farms come close to it in practice. At the other end, a single business supplies the entire market with no close substitute available; this is monopoly. In between sit markets dominated by a small number of large firms, known as oligopoly. Where a market sits on this spectrum shapes the price customers pay, the choice on offer, and how hard firms have to work to keep improving.

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Nazarin Darasi

Barka da kammala darasi akan Business Competition. Yanzu da kuka bincika mahimman raayoyi da raayoyi, lokaci yayi da zaku gwada ilimin ku. Wannan sashe yana ba da ayyuka iri-iri Tambayoyin da aka tsara don ƙarfafa fahimtar ku da kuma taimaka muku auna fahimtar ku game da kayan.

Za ka gamu da haɗe-haɗen nau'ikan tambayoyi, ciki har da tambayoyin zaɓi da yawa, tambayoyin gajeren amsa, da tambayoyin rubutu. Kowace tambaya an ƙirƙira ta da kyau don auna fannoni daban-daban na iliminka da ƙwarewar tunani mai zurfi.

Yi wannan ɓangaren na kimantawa a matsayin wata dama don ƙarfafa fahimtarka kan batun kuma don gano duk wani yanki da kake buƙatar ƙarin karatu. Kada ka yanke ƙauna da duk wani ƙalubale da ka fuskanta; maimakon haka, ka kallesu a matsayin damar haɓaka da ingantawa.

  1. Which market structure is characterised by many small firms selling an identical product, none able to influence the market price? A) Monopoly B) Oligopoly C) Perfect competition D) Natural monopoly Answer: C
  2. Which of the following is a barrier to entry? A) Falling consumer demand B) A patent protecting a product design C) A fall in raw material prices D) An increase in the number of suppliers Answer: B
  3. A market is dominated by four large firms who compete mainly through advertising and loyalty schemes rather than price. This best describes: A) Perfect competition B) Monopoly C) Oligopoly D) A niche market Answer: C
  4. Which of the following best explains why a monopolist can act as a price-maker? A) It has lower costs than every other firm B) Consumers have no close substitute to switch to C) It always sells at the lowest possible price D) Government sets its price directly Answer: B
  5. Which of the following is most likely to encourage a small firm to remain small rather than grow? A) Easy access to bank finance B) Operating in a niche market with limited total demand C) Strong economies of scale D) A government subsidy for expansion Answer: B

Akwai a cikin manhajar Green Bridge

Zazzage manhajar Green Bridge CBT a wayar ka ko kwamfyuta ka don samun cikakkiyar bayanan darasi, tambayoyin aiki, da ƙari.

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Yi karatu ba tare da intanet ba, a kowane lokaci, a ko'ina
Akwai a Android, Windows, macOS, da Linux

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Zazzage manhajar Green Bridge CBT a wayar ka ko kwamfyuta ka don samun cikakkiyar bayanan darasi, tambayoyin aiki, da ƙari.

Cikakkiyar bayanan darasi tare da zane-zane
Mataimakiyar koyo da AI
Yi karatu ba tare da intanet ba, a kowane lokaci, a ko'ina
Akwai a Android, Windows, macOS, da Linux

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