CORE Chemistry (Short Course) - 9222 OxfordAQA

The Mole Concept

Bayani Gaba-gaba

A balance in a school laboratory can tell you that a strip of magnesium weighs 0.1 g. What it cannot tell you, and what a chemist actually wants to know, is how much magnesium that is in the sense a chemical equation cares about. Equations are recipes written in amounts: two of these react with one of those. Balances are built to read grams. Somewhere between those two facts there has to be a translator, and the mole is it.

This lesson introduces the one unit that lets a laboratory balance speak the language of a chemical equation. You will learn the single sentence the specification uses to define a mole, see why the relative formula mass on a periodic table turns into a weighable quantity the moment you write g after it, and practise moving in both directions between a mass in grams and an amount in moles. By the end you will be able to look at 9.0 g of water and 22 g of carbon dioxide and say, without hesitation, that the two samples hold exactly the same amount of substance.

Manufura

  1. The relative formula mass of a substance, in grams, is known as one mole of that substance. Students should be able to use the relative formula mass of a substance to calculate the number of moles in a given mass of that substance and vice versa

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Takardar Darasi

Every balanced equation you will ever write is an instruction about amounts. When you write that magnesium reacts with oxygen as 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO, you are describing a ratio of two to one, and that ratio is not a ratio of masses. Weigh out 2 g of magnesium and 1 g of oxygen, put them together, and you will not get a tidy reaction with nothing left over. You will get unreacted magnesium sitting in the crucible, because the equation was never talking about grams in the first place.

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  1. The relative formula mass of magnesium oxide, MgO, is 40. What is the mass of one mole of magnesium oxide? A. 0.40 g B. 4.0 g C. 40 g D. 400 g Answer: C
  2. The relative formula mass of copper sulfate, CuSO4, is 159.5. What is the mass of 0.20 moles of copper sulfate? A. 3.19 g B. 31.9 g C. 79.75 g D. 319 g Answer: B
  3. A sample of sodium has a mass of 4.6 g. The relative atomic mass of sodium is 23. How many moles of sodium are in the sample? A. 0.20 mol B. 0.50 mol C. 2.0 mol D. 5.0 mol Answer: A
  4. 0.25 moles of a compound has a mass of 10 g. What is the relative formula mass of the compound? A. 2.5 B. 10 C. 40 D. 250 Answer: C
  5. Four samples each have a mass of 8.0 g. Which sample contains the greatest amount of substance in moles? Relative formula masses: H2O = 18, Mg = 24, MgO = 40, CO2 = 44. A. water, H2O B. magnesium, Mg C. magnesium oxide, MgO D. carbon dioxide, CO2 Answer: A

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