Sociology - 0495 CIE

What Are The Patterns Of And Explanations For Crime And Deviance? Continued

Bayani Gaba-gaba

Why do people break the rules? Sociologists have argued about this for over a century, and they do not agree. One thinker says a little crime is actually good for society; another says crime is the product of an unequal economy; a third says crime exists only because powerful people choose to label certain acts as criminal. These are not just opinions: each is a whole perspective, with its own logic, its own evidence and its own weaknesses.

This lesson is the theoretical heart of the crime section. You will work through the major perspectives, Functionalism and its subcultural and New Right offshoots, Interactionism and labelling, Marxism, Feminism and Postmodernism, and learn the argument AND the standard criticisms of each. Then you will apply them to the patterns of crime by age, class, gender and ethnicity. By the end you will be able to debate any explanation for crime the way the highest-scoring candidates do: fairly, with evidence, and without pretending any one perspective has all the answers.

Manufura

  1. Institutional racism.
  2. Prejudice and discrimination.
  3. Police targeting / stop and search.
  4. Material and relative deprivation.
  5. Stereotyping.
  6. Gang culture.
  7. Status frustration.
  8. Chivalry thesis.
  9. Culture of masculinity.
  10. Socialisation and social control.
  11. Misogyny.
  12. Stereotyping.
  13. Gang culture.
  14. Lack of opportunity.
  15. Social exclusion.
  16. Material and relative deprivation.
  17. Inadequate socialisation.
  18. Lack of opportunity.
  19. Status frustration.
  20. Power inequalities.
  21. Police targeting / stop and search.
  22. Postmodernism.
  23. Interactionism (including labelling and moral panic theory).
  24. Functionalism (including the New Right, subculturalism and strain theory).
  25. Marxism.
  26. Feminism.
  27. Age.
  28. Ethnicity.
  29. Gender.
  30. Social class.
  31. Different sociological theories.

Takardar Darasi

The top marks in this section go to candidates who can explain crime through the sociological perspectives and then weigh them against each other. It is not enough to know that Merton wrote about strain or that Becker wrote about labelling; you need to be able to state what each perspective claims, support it with a named study, and then give its standard criticisms. That balance, argument followed by evaluation, is exactly what the highest band of the mark scheme rewards, and it is the skill this lesson builds.

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Nazarin Darasi

Barka da kammala darasi akan What Are The Patterns Of And Explanations For Crime And Deviance? Continued. Yanzu da kuka bincika mahimman raayoyi da raayoyi, lokaci yayi da zaku gwada ilimin ku. Wannan sashe yana ba da ayyuka iri-iri Tambayoyin da aka tsara don ƙarfafa fahimtar ku da kuma taimaka muku auna fahimtar ku game da kayan.

Za ka gamu da haɗe-haɗen nau'ikan tambayoyi, ciki har da tambayoyin zaɓi da yawa, tambayoyin gajeren amsa, da tambayoyin rubutu. Kowace tambaya an ƙirƙira ta da kyau don auna fannoni daban-daban na iliminka da ƙwarewar tunani mai zurfi.

Yi wannan ɓangaren na kimantawa a matsayin wata dama don ƙarfafa fahimtarka kan batun kuma don gano duk wani yanki da kake buƙatar ƙarin karatu. Kada ka yanke ƙauna da duk wani ƙalubale da ka fuskanta; maimakon haka, ka kallesu a matsayin damar haɓaka da ingantawa.

  1. Which sociologist argued that crime is normal and performs functions such as boundary maintenance? A. Howard Becker B. Emile Durkheim C. Albert Cohen D. Otto Pollak Answer: B
  2. In Merton's strain theory, the response of using illegal means to reach society's goals is called: A. conformity B. ritualism C. innovation D. retreatism Answer: C
  3. Which perspective explains crime mainly through capitalism and the selective enforcement of the law? A. Functionalism B. Marxism C. Postmodernism D. Interactionism Answer: B
  4. An exaggerated, media-driven reaction that casts a group as a threat to society is called a: A. self-fulfilling prophecy B. moral panic C. master status D. status frustration Answer: B
  5. Cloward and Ohlin argued that the type of delinquent subculture that forms depends on: A. the weather B. access to the illegitimate opportunity structure C. the age of the police D. the size of the family Answer: B

Akwai a cikin manhajar Green Bridge

Zazzage manhajar Green Bridge CBT a wayar ka ko kwamfyuta ka don samun cikakkiyar bayanan darasi, tambayoyin aiki, da ƙari.

Cikakkiyar bayanan darasi tare da zane-zane
Mataimakiyar koyo da AI
Yi karatu ba tare da intanet ba, a kowane lokaci, a ko'ina
Akwai a Android, Windows, macOS, da Linux

Akwai a cikin manhajar Green Bridge

Zazzage manhajar Green Bridge CBT a wayar ka ko kwamfyuta ka don samun cikakkiyar bayanan darasi, tambayoyin aiki, da ƙari.

Cikakkiyar bayanan darasi tare da zane-zane
Mataimakiyar koyo da AI
Yi karatu ba tare da intanet ba, a kowane lokaci, a ko'ina
Akwai a Android, Windows, macOS, da Linux

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