How Do Sociologists Investigate Society?
Bayani Gaba-gaba
A piece of research does not begin with a clipboard; it begins with a plan. Long before anyone is questioned, the sociologist has to decide what to study, turn a vague curiosity into a testable idea, pin down exactly who counts as the people to be studied, and work out how to pick a manageable group from a population of millions. Skip these steps and even the cleverest method will produce useless results.
This lesson walks through the research process in order: choosing a topic, writing aims and a hypothesis, defining the target population, operationalising slippery concepts, and running a pilot study to test the design. Then it tackles sampling, the art of choosing a small group that stands in for the whole, and teaches the five techniques CIE expects, from random to snowball, each with its strengths and limitations.
Manufura
- Selection of topic.
- Aims.
- Hypothesis.
- Target population.
- Methods.
- Operationalisation.
- Pilot studies.
- Sampling frames.
- Sampling techniques: random, systematic, stratified, snowball, quota.
- Strengths and limitations of each technique.
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- A precise, testable prediction that research sets out to support or reject is called a: A. hypothesis B. sampling frame C. pilot study D. correlation Answer: A
- Turning an abstract concept such as 'achievement' into something measurable is known as: A. operationalisation B. triangulation C. stratification D. generalisation Answer: A
- Which sampling technique divides the population into groups and then samples each in proportion to its size? A. Random sampling B. Systematic sampling C. Stratified sampling D. Snowball sampling Answer: C
- A researcher studying a hidden group with no available list would most likely use: A. random sampling B. systematic sampling C. stratified sampling D. snowball sampling Answer: D
- A small trial run of a method, used to improve the design before the main study, is a: A. pilot study B. longitudinal study C. case study D. content analysis Answer: A
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