Science Double Award - 4SD0 PearsonEdexcel

Nutrition

Bayani Gaba-gaba

Nutrition is the foundation of biology: plants build glucose from sunlight through photosynthesis, and animals break complex food molecules into absorbable nutrients through digestion. Both processes keep cells supplied with the energy and raw materials they need to survive.

In this lesson you will explore photosynthesis (its equation, limiting factors and leaf adaptations), balanced diets, the human digestive system, and how the small intestine is built for efficient absorption. These topics appear across both Biology papers in the Double Award exam.

Manufura

Understand the process of photosynthesis and its importance in the conversion of light energy to chemical energy
Know the word equation and the balanced chemical symbol equation for photosynthesis
Understand how varying carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity and temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis
Describe the structure of the leaf and explain how it is adapted for photosynthesis
Understand that plants require mineral ions for growth, and that magnesium ions are needed for chlorophyll and nitrate ions are needed for amino acids
Investigate photosynthesis, showing the evolution of oxygen from a water plant, the production of starch and the requirements of light, carbon dioxide and chlorophyll
Understand that a balanced diet should include appropriate proportions of carbohydrate, protein, lipid, vitamins, minerals, water and dietary fibre
Identify the sources and describe the functions of carbohydrate, protein, lipid, vitamins A, C and D, the mineral ions calcium and iron, water and dietary fibre as components of the diet
Understand how energy requirements vary with activity levels, age and pregnancy
Describe the structure and function of the human alimentary canal
Understand how food is moved through the gut by peristalsis
Understand the role of digestive enzymes, including the digestion of starch to glucose by amylase and maltase, the digestion of proteins to amino acids by proteases and the digestion of lipids to fatty acids and glycerol by lipases
Understand that bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder
Understand the role of bile in neutralising stomach acid and emulsifying lipids
Understand how the small intestine is adapted for absorption, including the structure of a villus

Takardar Darasi

Every food chain starts with photosynthesis. A leaf captures light energy and converts it into the chemical energy stored in glucose, feeding not just the plant but every organism that eats it. Understanding how this conversion works, and what limits it, is the key to explaining where biological energy comes from.

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Nazarin Darasi

Barka da kammala darasi akan Nutrition. Yanzu da kuka bincika mahimman raayoyi da raayoyi, lokaci yayi da zaku gwada ilimin ku. Wannan sashe yana ba da ayyuka iri-iri Tambayoyin da aka tsara don ƙarfafa fahimtar ku da kuma taimaka muku auna fahimtar ku game da kayan.

Za ka gamu da haɗe-haɗen nau'ikan tambayoyi, ciki har da tambayoyin zaɓi da yawa, tambayoyin gajeren amsa, da tambayoyin rubutu. Kowace tambaya an ƙirƙira ta da kyau don auna fannoni daban-daban na iliminka da ƙwarewar tunani mai zurfi.

Yi wannan ɓangaren na kimantawa a matsayin wata dama don ƙarfafa fahimtarka kan batun kuma don gano duk wani yanki da kake buƙatar ƙarin karatu. Kada ka yanke ƙauna da duk wani ƙalubale da ka fuskanta; maimakon haka, ka kallesu a matsayin damar haɓaka da ingantawa.

Which pigment absorbs light energy for photosynthesis? A) Carotene B) Chlorophyll C) Haemoglobin D) Melanin Answer: B
What is the role of bile in digestion? A) It chemically digests protein B) It emulsifies lipids and neutralises stomach acid C) It absorbs glucose in the small intestine D) It produces amylase Answer: B
Which mineral ion is needed for making chlorophyll? A) Iron B) Calcium C) Nitrate D) Magnesium Answer: D
Where does most chemical digestion and absorption of food take place? A) Stomach B) Large intestine C) Small intestine D) Mouth Answer: C
Which of the following is NOT a limiting factor for photosynthesis? A) Temperature B) Oxygen concentration C) Light intensity D) Carbon dioxide concentration Answer: B