Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table
Bayani Gaba-gaba
Everything around you is built from atoms, and every atom is built from just three kinds of smaller particle: protons, neutrons and electrons. Knowing how these are arranged inside an atom is the key to understanding why elements behave as they do.
In this lesson you will learn the structure of the atom, the relative charges and masses of its particles, and what the proton number and mass number tell you. You will also see how electrons are arranged in shells and how this links to an element's place in the Periodic Table.
Manufura
- Describe the structure of the atom as a central nucleus containing neutrons and protons surrounded by electrons in shells.
- State the relative charges and relative masses of a proton, a neutron and an electron.
- Define proton number / atomic number as the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
- Define mass number / nucleon number as the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
- Determine the electronic configuration of elements and their ions with proton number 1 to 20, e.g. 2,8,3.
- State that: (a) Group VIII noble gases have a full outer electron shell (b) the number of outer shell electrons is equal to the group number in Groups I to VII (c) the number of occupied electron shells is equal to the period number.
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- Which particle has no charge? A. Proton B. Neutron C. Electron D. Ion Answer: B
- The proton number of an element is the number of: A. Neutrons B. Protons C. Electrons plus neutrons D. Protons plus neutrons Answer: B
- An atom of an element has a mass number of 23 and a proton number of 11. How many neutrons does it have? A. 11 B. 12 C. 23 D. 34 Answer: B
- How many electrons can the first electron shell hold? A. 1 B. 2 C. 8 D. 18 Answer: B
- The electron arrangement of sodium is 2, 8, 1. In which group of the Periodic Table is sodium? A. Group I B. Group II C. Group VII D. Group 0 Answer: A
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