What Types Of Data And Evidence Do Sociologists Use?
Bayani Gaba-gaba
Every claim a sociologist makes has to rest on evidence, but evidence comes in very different shapes. Some data the researcher gathers fresh, by asking and watching for themselves; other data already exists, sitting in government records, old diaries, newspapers and social-media feeds, waiting to be used. Some evidence is a wall of numbers; some is a page of someone's own words. Knowing which kind to trust, and for what, is a core skill of the subject.
This lesson sorts the sociologist's evidence into clear families: primary versus secondary sources, and quantitative versus qualitative data. You will learn the strengths and limitations of each, meet the main secondary sources from official statistics to digital data, and see how findings are presented in tables, charts and graphs. By the end you will be able to judge any piece of evidence the way an examiner expects.
Manufura
- Differences between primary and secondary sources of data.
- Differences between qualitative and quantitative data.
- Strengths and limitations of each type of data.
- Examples of: official statistics, historical and personal documents, digital sources, media content.
- Strengths and limitations of each type of evidence.
- Summaries of sociological studies.
- Diagrams.
- Tables.
- Charts.
- Graphs.
Takardar Darasi
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- Information that a researcher collects first-hand for their own study is called: A. secondary data B. primary data C. official data D. digital data Answer: B
- Which of the following is an example of quantitative data? A. A diary describing a person's feelings B. The percentage of pupils passing an exam C. An open interview about family life D. A description of a religious ritual Answer: B
- The gap between the true amount of crime and the amount recorded in official statistics is known as the: A. dark figure B. response rate C. sampling frame D. halo effect Answer: A
- A researcher counts how often women appear in leadership roles on television. This method is best described as: A. participant observation B. a longitudinal study C. content analysis D. a pilot study Answer: C
- Which display is most suitable for showing how a country's birth rate has changed over fifty years? A. A pie chart B. A line graph C. A single table cell D. A photograph Answer: B
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