Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) - 0654 CIE

Alkanes

Bayani Gaba-gaba

The alkanes are the simplest and most familiar organic family: the methane in natural gas, the propane in camping stoves, the petrol in cars. They are the workhorse fuels of the modern world, prized for the energy they release when they burn.

In this lesson you will learn that alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2, why they are generally unreactive, and the two reactions you must know: combustion in air and substitution with halogens in ultraviolet light.

Manufura

State that the bonding in alkanes is single covalent and that alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons.
Describe the properties of alkanes as being generally unreactive, except in terms of combustion and substitution by chlorine.
[Supplement] State that in a substitution reaction one atom or group of atoms is replaced by another atom or group of atoms.
[Supplement] Describe the substitution reaction of alkanes with chlorine as a photochemical reaction, with ultraviolet light providing the activation energy, E , and draw the structural or a displayed formulae of the products, limited to monosubstitution.

Takardar Darasi

Alkanes provide most of the fuels we depend on, so understanding how they burn matters for energy, transport and the environment. Their general lack of reactivity also makes them a useful baseline, the calm starting point against which the more reactive families are compared.

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Nazarin Darasi

Barka da kammala darasi akan Alkanes. Yanzu da kuka bincika mahimman raayoyi da raayoyi, lokaci yayi da zaku gwada ilimin ku. Wannan sashe yana ba da ayyuka iri-iri Tambayoyin da aka tsara don ƙarfafa fahimtar ku da kuma taimaka muku auna fahimtar ku game da kayan.

Za ka gamu da haɗe-haɗen nau'ikan tambayoyi, ciki har da tambayoyin zaɓi da yawa, tambayoyin gajeren amsa, da tambayoyin rubutu. Kowace tambaya an ƙirƙira ta da kyau don auna fannoni daban-daban na iliminka da ƙwarewar tunani mai zurfi.

Yi wannan ɓangaren na kimantawa a matsayin wata dama don ƙarfafa fahimtarka kan batun kuma don gano duk wani yanki da kake buƙatar ƙarin karatu. Kada ka yanke ƙauna da duk wani ƙalubale da ka fuskanta; maimakon haka, ka kallesu a matsayin damar haɓaka da ingantawa.

Alkanes are described as saturated because they contain only: A. Double bonds B. Single carbon-carbon bonds C. Triple bonds D. Functional groups Answer: B
The general formula of the alkanes is: A. CnH2n B. CnH2n+2 C. CnH2n-2 D. CnH2n+1OH Answer: B
Complete combustion of an alkane produces: A. Carbon monoxide and water B. Carbon dioxide and water C. Hydrogen and carbon D. Carbon dioxide only Answer: B
The reaction of methane with chlorine in UV light is a: A. Addition reaction B. Neutralisation C. Substitution reaction D. Combustion reaction Answer: C
Which condition is needed for an alkane to react with chlorine? A. A catalyst B. Ultraviolet light C. High pressure D. An acid Answer: B