Design & Technology (9-1) - 0979 CIE

Structures

Bayani Gaba-gaba

From a spider's web to a suspension bridge, structures are arrangements of material designed to carry loads without collapsing. Understanding how forces travel through a structure, and how a clever shape can carry far more than a lump of the same material, is one of the most powerful ideas in design and technology, and it explains everything from why a cardboard box is rigid to why a roof truss is full of triangles.

This note classifies structures as shell, frame or mass, and as natural or manufactured. It explains static and dynamic loads, the five forces that act on structures (tension, compression, shear, bending and torsion), and the reinforcement methods, triangulation and corrugation, that let designers make structures strong, stiff and light at the same time.

Manufura

  1. understand the classification and characteristics of natural and manufactured, shell, frame and mass structures
  2. show knowledge of static and dynamic loads
  3. understand forces that act on structures: - tension - compression - shear - bending - torsion
  4. show knowledge of reinforcement methods used in structures: - triangulation - corrugation.

Takardar Darasi

Every structure can be sorted into one of three families by how it is built. A shell structure is a thin, hollow outer skin that gets its strength from its shape rather than its thickness: an egg, a car body, a drinks can, a dome. A frame structure is a skeleton of connected members (bars, beams, struts) with space between them, where the members carry the loads: a bicycle frame, an electricity pylon, a roof truss, a skeleton. A mass (solid) structure relies on its sheer bulk and weight to resist loads: a dam, a brick wall, a concrete foundation, a mountain. Each family also occurs in nature and is copied in manufacture.

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Nazarin Darasi

Barka da kammala darasi akan Structures. Yanzu da kuka bincika mahimman raayoyi da raayoyi, lokaci yayi da zaku gwada ilimin ku. Wannan sashe yana ba da ayyuka iri-iri Tambayoyin da aka tsara don ƙarfafa fahimtar ku da kuma taimaka muku auna fahimtar ku game da kayan.

Za ka gamu da haɗe-haɗen nau'ikan tambayoyi, ciki har da tambayoyin zaɓi da yawa, tambayoyin gajeren amsa, da tambayoyin rubutu. Kowace tambaya an ƙirƙira ta da kyau don auna fannoni daban-daban na iliminka da ƙwarewar tunani mai zurfi.

Yi wannan ɓangaren na kimantawa a matsayin wata dama don ƙarfafa fahimtarka kan batun kuma don gano duk wani yanki da kake buƙatar ƙarin karatu. Kada ka yanke ƙauna da duk wani ƙalubale da ka fuskanta; maimakon haka, ka kallesu a matsayin damar haɓaka da ingantawa.

  1. Which type of structure relies on a thin outer skin and its shape for strength? A. Mass structure B. Frame structure C. Shell structure D. Triangulated structure Answer: C
  2. A dynamic load is one that: A. Never changes and stays at rest B. Moves, changes or is applied suddenly C. Only acts downwards D. Is always smaller than a static load Answer: B
  3. When a shelf sags under the weight of books, the bottom surface of the shelf is mainly in: A. Compression B. Tension C. Torsion D. Shear Answer: B
  4. Why does triangulation make a framework rigid? A. Triangles use more material than squares B. A triangle's shape is fixed by the length of its sides, so its angles cannot change C. Triangles are heavier than rectangles D. Triangles can be folded flat Answer: B
  5. How does corrugating a flat sheet increase its stiffness? A. By adding extra material to the sheet B. By increasing the effective depth of the sheet so it resists bending C. By making the sheet thinner D. By making the sheet heavier Answer: B

Akwai a cikin manhajar Green Bridge

Zazzage manhajar Green Bridge CBT a wayar ka ko kwamfyuta ka don samun cikakkiyar bayanan darasi, tambayoyin aiki, da ƙari.

Cikakkiyar bayanan darasi tare da zane-zane
Mataimakiyar koyo da AI
Yi karatu ba tare da intanet ba, a kowane lokaci, a ko'ina
Akwai a Android, Windows, macOS, da Linux

Akwai a cikin manhajar Green Bridge

Zazzage manhajar Green Bridge CBT a wayar ka ko kwamfyuta ka don samun cikakkiyar bayanan darasi, tambayoyin aiki, da ƙari.

Cikakkiyar bayanan darasi tare da zane-zane
Mataimakiyar koyo da AI
Yi karatu ba tare da intanet ba, a kowane lokaci, a ko'ina
Akwai a Android, Windows, macOS, da Linux

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Kana son yin aikin tambayoyin gwaji kan Structures? Sauke manhajar Green Bridge CBT don samun tambayoyin gwaji da cikakkun jarrabawa akan wannan batu.

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Duk abin da kake buƙata don yin fice a JAMB, WAEC & NECO.

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