Data Structures
Bayani Gaba-gaba
Write a program that stores one exam mark and you need one variable. Write one that stores thirty and you do not need thirty variables, because thirty variables cannot be looped over, cannot be sorted, and cannot be passed to a subroutine in one piece. What you need is a single name that holds all thirty and a number that says which one you mean. That is an array, and it is the reason the loop you met earlier in this course is useful at all.
This lesson covers the concept of a data structure and the two the specification names: arrays, in one and two dimensions, and records. Arrays hold many things of the same kind under one name; records hold several different things about one subject. You will learn to use each of them in the design of solutions to simple problems, to combine them into an array of records, and to say why a particular structure suits a particular problem, which is the form the exam question takes.
Manufura
- Understand the concept of data structures.
- Use arrays (or equivalent) in the design of solutions to simple problems.
- Use records (or equivalent) in the design of solutions to simple problems.
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Nazarin Darasi
Barka da kammala darasi akan Data Structures. Yanzu da kuka bincika mahimman raayoyi da raayoyi, lokaci yayi da zaku gwada ilimin ku. Wannan sashe yana ba da ayyuka iri-iri Tambayoyin da aka tsara don ƙarfafa fahimtar ku da kuma taimaka muku auna fahimtar ku game da kayan.
Za ka gamu da haɗe-haɗen nau'ikan tambayoyi, ciki har da tambayoyin zaɓi da yawa, tambayoyin gajeren amsa, da tambayoyin rubutu. Kowace tambaya an ƙirƙira ta da kyau don auna fannoni daban-daban na iliminka da ƙwarewar tunani mai zurfi.
Yi wannan ɓangaren na kimantawa a matsayin wata dama don ƙarfafa fahimtarka kan batun kuma don gano duk wani yanki da kake buƙatar ƙarin karatu. Kada ka yanke ƙauna da duk wani ƙalubale da ka fuskanta; maimakon haka, ka kallesu a matsayin damar haɓaka da ingantawa.
- An array holds 15 items. What is the index of the last item? A. 0 B. 14 C. 15 D. 16 Answer: B
- Which statement about an array is correct? A. Its items may have different data types B. Its items are reached by a field name C. All of its items have the same data type D. It can only hold numbers Answer: C
- A two dimensional array Grid has 6 rows and 9 columns. How many elements does it have? A. 15 B. 45 C. 54 D. 69 Answer: C
- Which structure is most appropriate for storing a name, an age and a Boolean about one person? A. A one dimensional array B. A two dimensional array C. A record D. A string Answer: C
- In a one dimensional array holding a grid of width 5, which expression gives the index of the element in row 3, column 2? A. 3 + 2 B. 3 * 5 + 2 C. 3 * 2 + 5 D. 5 * 2 + 3 Answer: B
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