Drugs And Mental Health
Bayani Gaba-gaba
Paracetamol, alcohol, caffeine and heroin are all, in the strict biological sense, drugs: substances that alter how the body or the nervous system functions once they are absorbed into the blood. What separates them is not whether they act on the brain, but how they act, how strong that action is, and what legal controls exist around their use.
This topic explains what a drug is and the difference between legal and illegal drugs, the specific dangers of heroin, cannabis and cocaine, and how paracetamol acts on the nervous system. It then covers the effects of alcohol on the nervous system and liver, before turning to the biology of two common mental illnesses, schizophrenia and depression, and three conditions that progressively affect brain function: Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia and Parkinson's disease.
Manufura
- Understand the meaning of the term 'drug' and distinguish between legal and illegal drugs, including the dangers of heroin, cannabis and cocaine, and the action of common painkillers such as paracetamol on the nervous system
- Describe the damaging effects of alcohol on the nervous system and liver and the behavioural consequences of excessive and long-term drinking
- Describe the causes, symptoms and treatments of mental illness, including schizophrenia and depression
- Describe the causes, symptoms and treatments of Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia and Parkinson's disease
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- Paracetamol relieves pain and reduces fever mainly by: A) Blocking dopamine reuptake at synapses B) Reducing prostaglandin production in the brain and spinal cord C) Binding to opioid receptors D) Increasing serotonin levels Answer: B
- Cocaine produces prolonged stimulation at synapses mainly by: A) Increasing prostaglandin production B) Blocking the reuptake of dopamine C) Binding to endorphin receptors D) Destroying neurotransmitter receptors Answer: B
- Which condition is caused by reduced blood supply to parts of the brain, often following a stroke? A) Alzheimer's disease B) Parkinson's disease C) Vascular dementia D) Schizophrenia Answer: C
- Long-term heavy alcohol use can cause permanent scarring of the liver known as: A) Cataracts B) Cirrhosis C) Osteoporosis D) Tinnitus Answer: B
- Parkinson's disease is caused by the progressive loss of neurones that produce which chemical? A) Insulin B) Serotonin C) Dopamine D) Adrenaline Answer: C
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