Science Single Award - 4SS0 PearsonEdexcel

Crude Oil

Bayani Gaba-gaba

Crude oil is one of the most important raw materials on the planet. Pumped from deep underground, this thick dark liquid is a mixture of hundreds of different hydrocarbons. By separating and burning these hydrocarbons, we power vehicles, heat homes, and manufacture plastics.

In this lesson you will learn how crude oil is separated by fractional distillation, what each fraction is used for, and how the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels produces both useful energy and harmful pollutants. This topic appears regularly in Paper 1 (Chemistry).

Manufura

Know that crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons
Know the names and uses of the main fractions obtained from crude oil: refinery gases, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil and bitumen
Know the trend in colour, boiling point and viscosity of the main fractions
Know that a fuel is a substance that, when burned, releases heat energy
Know the possible products of complete and incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons with oxygen in the air
Understand why carbon monoxide is poisonous, in terms of its effect on the capacity of blood to transport oxygen
Know that, in car engines, the temperature reached is high enough to allow nitrogen and oxygen from air to react, forming oxides of nitrogen
Explain how the combustion of some impurities in hydrocarbon fuels results in the formation of sulfur dioxide
Understand how sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen contribute to acid rain

Takardar Darasi

Crude oil formed over millions of years from the remains of tiny marine organisms buried under layers of sediment. Heat and pressure transformed these remains into a complex mixture of hydrocarbons - compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Akwai a cikin manhajar Green Bridge

Zazzage manhajar Green Bridge CBT a wayar ka ko kwamfyuta ka don samun cikakkiyar bayanan darasi, tambayoyin aiki, da ƙari.

Cikakkiyar bayanan darasi tare da zane-zane

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Nazarin Darasi

Barka da kammala darasi akan Crude Oil. Yanzu da kuka bincika mahimman raayoyi da raayoyi, lokaci yayi da zaku gwada ilimin ku. Wannan sashe yana ba da ayyuka iri-iri Tambayoyin da aka tsara don ƙarfafa fahimtar ku da kuma taimaka muku auna fahimtar ku game da kayan.

Za ka gamu da haɗe-haɗen nau'ikan tambayoyi, ciki har da tambayoyin zaɓi da yawa, tambayoyin gajeren amsa, da tambayoyin rubutu. Kowace tambaya an ƙirƙira ta da kyau don auna fannoni daban-daban na iliminka da ƙwarewar tunani mai zurfi.

Yi wannan ɓangaren na kimantawa a matsayin wata dama don ƙarfafa fahimtarka kan batun kuma don gano duk wani yanki da kake buƙatar ƙarin karatu. Kada ka yanke ƙauna da duk wani ƙalubale da ka fuskanta; maimakon haka, ka kallesu a matsayin damar haɓaka da ingantawa.

Crude oil is a mixture of: A) Metals B) Salts C) Hydrocarbons D) Alcohols Answer: C
Which fraction has the highest boiling point? A) Refinery gases B) Gasoline C) Kerosene D) Bitumen Answer: D
Carbon monoxide is dangerous because it: A) Is flammable B) Reduces the blood's ability to carry oxygen C) Causes acid rain D) Is a greenhouse gas Answer: B
As the chain length of hydrocarbons increases, viscosity: A) Decreases B) Stays the same C) Increases D) Fluctuates Answer: C
Acid rain is caused by: A) Carbon dioxide only B) Sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen C) Carbon monoxide D) Water vapour Answer: B