Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) - 0654 CIE

Alcohols

Bayani Gaba-gaba

Ethanol, the alcohol in fuels and solvents, is one of the most useful organic compounds of all. It belongs to a family marked by a single reactive group, the -OH group, and it can be made in two very different ways: by fermentation of sugar or by adding steam to ethene.

In this lesson you will learn that alcohols are a homologous series with the -OH functional group, how ethanol is produced by fermentation and by the hydration of ethene, and the key reactions of ethanol: combustion and oxidation to a carboxylic acid.

Manufura

Describe the manufacture of ethanol by: (a) fermentation of aqueous glucose at 25- 35 °C in the presence of yeast and in the absence of oxygen (b) catalytic addition of steam to ethene at 300 °C and 6000 kPa / 60 atm in the presence of an acid catalyst.
Describe the combustion of ethanol.
State the uses of ethanol as: (a) a solvent (b) a fuel.
[Supplement] Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the manufacture of ethanol by: (a) fermentation (b) catalytic addition of steam to ethene.

Takardar Darasi

Ethanol is a fuel, a solvent and the active ingredient in alcoholic drinks, so its chemistry has wide practical importance. Knowing the two ways it is made, and how it reacts, links organic chemistry to industry, agriculture and everyday products.

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Nazarin Darasi

Barka da kammala darasi akan Alcohols. Yanzu da kuka bincika mahimman raayoyi da raayoyi, lokaci yayi da zaku gwada ilimin ku. Wannan sashe yana ba da ayyuka iri-iri Tambayoyin da aka tsara don ƙarfafa fahimtar ku da kuma taimaka muku auna fahimtar ku game da kayan.

Za ka gamu da haɗe-haɗen nau'ikan tambayoyi, ciki har da tambayoyin zaɓi da yawa, tambayoyin gajeren amsa, da tambayoyin rubutu. Kowace tambaya an ƙirƙira ta da kyau don auna fannoni daban-daban na iliminka da ƙwarewar tunani mai zurfi.

Yi wannan ɓangaren na kimantawa a matsayin wata dama don ƙarfafa fahimtarka kan batun kuma don gano duk wani yanki da kake buƙatar ƙarin karatu. Kada ka yanke ƙauna da duk wani ƙalubale da ka fuskanta; maimakon haka, ka kallesu a matsayin damar haɓaka da ingantawa.

The functional group of the alcohols is: A. C=C B. -OH C. -COOH D. -Cl Answer: B
In fermentation, glucose is converted by yeast into ethanol and: A. Water B. Oxygen C. Carbon dioxide D. Hydrogen Answer: C
Ethanol can be made from ethene by: A. Combustion B. Hydration C. Substitution D. Fermentation Answer: B
Complete combustion of ethanol produces carbon dioxide and: A. Carbon monoxide B. Hydrogen C. Water D. Soot Answer: C
When ethanol is oxidised, it forms: A. Ethene B. Ethane C. Ethanoic acid D. Glucose Answer: C