Sciences - Co-ordinated (9-1) - 0973 CIE

Alkenes

Bayani Gaba-gaba

If alkanes are the calm members of the organic world, alkenes are the reactive ones. The single feature that makes the difference is a carbon-carbon double bond, and it turns these molecules into the raw material for plastics, ethanol and much of the chemical industry.

In this lesson you will learn that alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n, how their double bond drives addition reactions, and how bromine water provides a quick chemical test to tell an alkene from an alkane.

Manufura

State that the bonding in alkenes includes a double carbon-carbon covalent bond and that alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Describe the manufacture of alkenes and hydrogen by the cracking of larger alkane molecules using a high temperature and a catalyst.
Describe the reasons for the cracking of larger alkane molecules.
Describe the test to distinguish between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons by their reaction with aqueous bromine.
[Supplement] State that in an addition reaction only one product is formed.
[Supplement] Describe the properties of alkenes in terms of addition reactions with: (a) bromine or aqueous bromine (b) hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst (c) steam in the presence of an acid catalyst and draw the structural or displayed formulae of the products.

Takardar Darasi

Alkenes are the starting point for an enormous range of products, from polythene bags to ethanol. Their reactivity, all because of one double bond, is what makes them so useful, and it is also the basis of a simple laboratory test you are expected to know.

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Nazarin Darasi

Barka da kammala darasi akan Alkenes. Yanzu da kuka bincika mahimman raayoyi da raayoyi, lokaci yayi da zaku gwada ilimin ku. Wannan sashe yana ba da ayyuka iri-iri Tambayoyin da aka tsara don ƙarfafa fahimtar ku da kuma taimaka muku auna fahimtar ku game da kayan.

Za ka gamu da haɗe-haɗen nau'ikan tambayoyi, ciki har da tambayoyin zaɓi da yawa, tambayoyin gajeren amsa, da tambayoyin rubutu. Kowace tambaya an ƙirƙira ta da kyau don auna fannoni daban-daban na iliminka da ƙwarewar tunani mai zurfi.

Yi wannan ɓangaren na kimantawa a matsayin wata dama don ƙarfafa fahimtarka kan batun kuma don gano duk wani yanki da kake buƙatar ƙarin karatu. Kada ka yanke ƙauna da duk wani ƙalubale da ka fuskanta; maimakon haka, ka kallesu a matsayin damar haɓaka da ingantawa.

Alkenes are unsaturated because they contain a: A. Single bond only B. Carbon-carbon double bond C. -OH group D. -COOH group Answer: B
The general formula of the alkenes is: A. CnH2n+2 B. CnH2n C. CnH2n+1OH D. CnH2n-2 Answer: B
When bromine water is shaken with an alkene, it: A. Stays orange B. Turns blue C. Is decolourised D. Turns red Answer: C
Adding steam to ethene, with a catalyst, produces: A. Ethane B. Ethanol C. Ethanoic acid D. Methane Answer: B
Reactions in which a molecule adds across a double bond are called: A. Substitution reactions B. Addition reactions C. Combustion reactions D. Neutralisation reactions Answer: B