Mathematics (9-1) - 0980 CIE

Sets

Bayani Gaba-gaba

A set is simply a collection of things, and once you have a precise way to talk about collections you can describe almost anything in mathematics: the factors of a number, the solutions of an equation, the students who study both French and Spanish. Sets give you the exact language, and Venn diagrams give you the picture.

In this lesson you will learn the symbols mathematicians use for sets, how to read and write them, and how to draw and interpret Venn diagrams. You will work with the union and intersection of sets, the complement of a set, and (for Extended) the relationships between sets such as subsets. These tools reappear later in probability, so they are well worth mastering.

Manufura

Understand and use set language, notation and Venn diagrams to describe sets.
Understand and use set language, notation and Venn diagrams to describe sets and represent relationships between sets. (Extended only)

Takardar Darasi

Sorting things into groups and asking what they have in common is one of the most natural things we do. Set notation makes that precise, and the same diagrams you meet here are used directly in probability to organise outcomes. A little fluency with the symbols goes a long way.

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Nazarin Darasi

Barka da kammala darasi akan Sets. Yanzu da kuka bincika mahimman raayoyi da raayoyi, lokaci yayi da zaku gwada ilimin ku. Wannan sashe yana ba da ayyuka iri-iri Tambayoyin da aka tsara don ƙarfafa fahimtar ku da kuma taimaka muku auna fahimtar ku game da kayan.

Za ka gamu da haɗe-haɗen nau'ikan tambayoyi, ciki har da tambayoyin zaɓi da yawa, tambayoyin gajeren amsa, da tambayoyin rubutu. Kowace tambaya an ƙirƙira ta da kyau don auna fannoni daban-daban na iliminka da ƙwarewar tunani mai zurfi.

Yi wannan ɓangaren na kimantawa a matsayin wata dama don ƙarfafa fahimtarka kan batun kuma don gano duk wani yanki da kake buƙatar ƙarin karatu. Kada ka yanke ƙauna da duk wani ƙalubale da ka fuskanta; maimakon haka, ka kallesu a matsayin damar haɓaka da ingantawa.

If A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B = {3, 4, 5, 6}, what is A ∩ B? A. {1, 2, 5, 6} B. {3, 4} C. {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} D. { } Answer: B
If A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B = {3, 4, 5, 6}, what is A ∪ B? A. {3, 4} B. {1, 2, 5, 6} C. {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} D. {1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6} Answer: C
The universal set is {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} and A = {2,4,6,8}. What is A'? A. {1, 3, 5, 7} B. {2, 4, 6, 8} C. {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} D. { } Answer: A
Which symbol means 'is an element of'? A. ⊆ B. ∪ C. ∈ D. ∩ Answer: C
If A = {2, 4} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, which statement is true? A. A ∪ B = {2, 4} B. A ⊆ B C. B ⊆ A D. A ∩ B = { } Answer: B