Genetic Manipulation
Bayani Gaba-gaba
Somewhere in a laboratory, a single gene is lifted out of the chromosomes of one species and dropped into the cells of another. The organism that receives it goes on to grow a characteristic that nothing in its ancestry could ever have given it: a maize plant that poisons the caterpillars feeding on it, a crop that shrugs off a weedkiller which flattens everything green around it. Nothing about the plant is a copy of anything. One instruction has been added, and the rest of the organism is exactly as it was.
This lesson follows that single gene the whole way: out of one chromosome, into a carrier, through a cell wall and into a crop growing in a field. You will learn the three stages the specification asks you to name, why the timing of the transfer decides whether the characteristic shows up in one leaf or in all of them, what genetically modified crops are actually built to do, and why the arguments about them are still running. That last part carries marks of its own: OxfordAQA expects you to read information you have never seen before about genetic engineering and reach a judgement you can defend from it.
Manufura
- In genetic engineering, genes from the chromosomes of humans and other organisms can be ‘cut out’ and transferred to cells of other organisms: enzymes are used to isolate the required gene; this gene is inserted into a vector, usually a bacterial plasmid or a virus 38 ; the vector is used to insert the gene into the required cells.
- Genes can also be transferred to the cells of animals, plants or microorganisms at an early stage in their development so that they develop with desired characteristics.
- Crops that have had their genes modified in this way are called genetically modified (GM) crops. GM crops include ones that are resistant to insect attack or to herbicides.
- GM crops generally show increased yields.
- Concerns about GM crops include the effect on populations of wild flowers and insects, and uncertainty about the effects of eating GM crops on human health. Students should be able, when provided with appropriate information, to interpret information about genetic engineering techniques and to make informed judgements about issues concerning genetic engineering, including GM crops.
Taswirar tunani
An zana wannan batu don ka ga yadda ra'ayoyi ke hadewa.
Bude taswirar tunani a cikin manhaja
Katunan tunawa
Gwaji mai sauri kan abin da ake jarraba a wannan batu.
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Takardar Darasi
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Nazarin Darasi
Barka da kammala darasi akan Genetic Manipulation. Yanzu da kuka bincika mahimman raayoyi da raayoyi, lokaci yayi da zaku gwada ilimin ku. Wannan sashe yana ba da ayyuka iri-iri Tambayoyin da aka tsara don ƙarfafa fahimtar ku da kuma taimaka muku auna fahimtar ku game da kayan.
Za ka gamu da haɗe-haɗen nau'ikan tambayoyi, ciki har da tambayoyin zaɓi da yawa, tambayoyin gajeren amsa, da tambayoyin rubutu. Kowace tambaya an ƙirƙira ta da kyau don auna fannoni daban-daban na iliminka da ƙwarewar tunani mai zurfi.
Yi wannan ɓangaren na kimantawa a matsayin wata dama don ƙarfafa fahimtarka kan batun kuma don gano duk wani yanki da kake buƙatar ƙarin karatu. Kada ka yanke ƙauna da duk wani ƙalubale da ka fuskanta; maimakon haka, ka kallesu a matsayin damar haɓaka da ingantawa.
- In genetic engineering, what is usually used as a vector? A. A ribosome B. A red blood cell C. A bacterial plasmid D. A chromosome pair Answer: C
- What is used to isolate the required gene from a chromosome in genetic engineering? A. Enzymes B. A herbicide C. An electric shock D. A mineral ion solution Answer: A
- Which of these is a plasmid? A. A small circle of DNA in the cytoplasm of a bacterium B. A structure that joins two chromosomes together C. A gamete produced by a flowering plant D. A substance that kills insect larvae Answer: A
- A GM crop is described as herbicide resistant. What does this allow the farmer to do? A. Harvest the crop before it is ripe B. Spray the field so that the weeds die but the crop survives C. Grow the crop without any mineral ions in the soil D. Produce identical copies of the crop plant Answer: B
- Which of these is a concern raised about growing GM crops? A. GM crops generally give lower yields B. GM crops cannot be resistant to herbicides C. GM crops may affect populations of wild flowers and insects D. GM crops contain no genes of their own Answer: C
Yi aikin wadannan tambayoyi a cikin manhaja
Yi aikin wadannan tambayoyi a cikin manhaja
Littattafan da ake ba da shawarar karantawa
Ƙarin koyo daga tushe na buɗe
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Sashen littafi
Biotechnology
Describe gel electrophoresis
"Biology: Biotechnology" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/17-1-biotechnology. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
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Yi Aikin Tambayoyin Gwaji
Kana son yin aikin tambayoyin gwaji kan Genetic Manipulation? Sauke manhajar Green Bridge CBT don samun tambayoyin gwaji da cikakkun jarrabawa akan wannan batu.
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