Extraction Of Metals
Bayani Gaba-gaba
Most metals are not found pure in the ground; they are locked up in ores as compounds, usually oxides. Winning the metal back is a question of energy and reactivity: a reactive metal clings to its ore and needs electricity to free it, while a less reactive metal can be prised out with carbon. The reactivity series is the master key.
In this lesson you will learn how a metal's position in the reactivity series decides how it is extracted, follow the extraction of iron from hematite in the blast furnace step by step, and see why aluminium, high in the series, must be extracted by electrolysis from bauxite using cryolite and carbon anodes.
Manufura
- Describe the ease in obtaining metals from their ores, related to the position of the metal in the reactivity series.
- Describe the extraction of iron from hematite in the blast furnace, limited to: (a) the burning of carbon (coke) to provide heat and produce carbon dioxide (b) the reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide (c) the reduction of iron(III) oxide by carbon monoxide (d) the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate / limestone to produce calcium oxide (e) the formation of slag Symbol equations are not required.
- State that the main ore of aluminium is bauxite and that aluminium is extracted by electrolysis.
- [Supplement] State the symbol equations for the extraction of iron from hematite (a) C + O₂ → CO₂ (b) C + CO₂ → 2CO (c) Fe₂O₃ + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO₂ (d) CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂ (e) CaO + SiO₂ → CaSiO₃.
- [Supplement] Describe the extraction of aluminium from purified bauxite / aluminium oxide, including: (a) the role of cryolite (b) why the carbon anodes need to be regularly replaced (c) the reactions at the electrodes, including ionic half-equations Details of the purification of bauxite are not required.
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Nazarin Darasi
Barka da kammala darasi akan Extraction Of Metals. Yanzu da kuka bincika mahimman ra'ayoyi da ra'ayoyi, lokaci yayi da zaku gwada ilimin ku. Wannan sashe yana ba da ayyuka iri-iri Tambayoyin da aka tsara don ƙarfafa fahimtar ku da kuma taimaka muku auna fahimtar ku game da kayan.
Za ka gamu da haɗe-haɗen nau'ikan tambayoyi, ciki har da tambayoyin zaɓi da yawa, tambayoyin gajeren amsa, da tambayoyin rubutu. Kowace tambaya an ƙirƙira ta da kyau don auna fannoni daban-daban na iliminka da ƙwarewar tunani mai zurfi.
Yi wannan ɓangaren na kimantawa a matsayin wata dama don ƙarfafa fahimtarka kan batun kuma don gano duk wani yanki da kake buƙatar ƙarin karatu. Kada ka yanke ƙauna da duk wani ƙalubale da ka fuskanta; maimakon haka, ka kallesu a matsayin damar haɓaka da ingantawa.
- How is a metal more reactive than carbon usually extracted? A. reduction with carbon B. electrolysis C. found native D. heating in air Answer: B
- What is the main ore of iron? A. bauxite B. hematite C. cryolite D. limestone Answer: B
- In the blast furnace, the reducing agent for iron(III) oxide is: A. oxygen B. limestone C. carbon monoxide D. slag Answer: C
- Why is cryolite used in the extraction of aluminium? A. it is the ore B. it lowers the melting point of aluminium oxide C. it forms slag D. it reduces the aluminium Answer: B
- Why do the carbon anodes in aluminium extraction need replacing? A. they dissolve in cryolite B. oxygen reacts with them to form carbon dioxide C. aluminium coats them D. they melt Answer: B
Yi aikin wadannan tambayoyi a cikin manhaja
Yi aikin wadannan tambayoyi a cikin manhaja
Littattafan da ake ba da shawarar karantawa
Ƙarin koyo daga tushe na buɗe
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Sashen littafi
Occurrence and Preparation of the Representative Metals
Identify natural sources of representative metals
"Chemistry: Occurrence and Preparation of the Representative Metals" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/18-2-occurrence-and-preparation-of-the-representative-metals. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/1-introduction
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