Accounting - 4AC1 PearsonEdexcel

Financial Statements Of A Sole Trader

Bayani Gaba-gaba

At the end of every trading year, a sole trader wants to know two things: did the business make a profit, and what is it now worth? The income statement answers the first question and the statement of financial position answers the second. Together they turn a shoebox of ledger balances into a coherent financial story.

In this lesson you will learn the layout of both statements in the international format Edexcel expects, how the two statements connect through closing inventory and profit, and why a correctly prepared statement of financial position always balances.

Manufura

  1. Prepare income statements to show gross profit and profit for the year
  2. Prepare statements of financial position to show assets, liabilities and equity

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Takardar Darasi

A sole trader who has kept a full set of ledger accounts all year still cannot answer the two questions that matter most: how much profit did the business make, and what is it worth right now? Two financial statements, prepared from the trial balance at the year end, answer exactly those questions. The income statement is the scorecard for the trading period. The statement of financial position is a snapshot of what the business owns and owes on the last day of that period.

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Barka da kammala darasi akan Financial Statements Of A Sole Trader. Yanzu da kuka bincika mahimman ra'ayoyi da ra'ayoyi, lokaci yayi da zaku gwada ilimin ku. Wannan sashe yana ba da ayyuka iri-iri Tambayoyin da aka tsara don ƙarfafa fahimtar ku da kuma taimaka muku auna fahimtar ku game da kayan.

Za ka gamu da haɗe-haɗen nau'ikan tambayoyi, ciki har da tambayoyin zaɓi da yawa, tambayoyin gajeren amsa, da tambayoyin rubutu. Kowace tambaya an ƙirƙira ta da kyau don auna fannoni daban-daban na iliminka da ƙwarewar tunani mai zurfi.

Yi wannan ɓangaren na kimantawa a matsayin wata dama don ƙarfafa fahimtarka kan batun kuma don gano duk wani yanki da kake buƙatar ƙarin karatu. Kada ka yanke ƙauna da duk wani ƙalubale da ka fuskanta; maimakon haka, ka kallesu a matsayin damar haɓaka da ingantawa.

  1. What is the correct formula for cost of sales? A) Purchases plus closing inventory B) Opening inventory plus purchases less closing inventory C) Revenue less gross profit D) Opening inventory less purchases plus closing inventory Answer: B
  2. A trader has revenue of $90,000 and cost of sales of $54,000. What is the gross profit? A) $144,000 B) $36,000 C) $54,000 D) $90,000 Answer: B
  3. Where does a sole trader's drawings appear? A) As an expense in the income statement B) Deducted in the equity section of the statement of financial position C) As a current liability D) Added to revenue Answer: B
  4. Which of these is a non-current asset? A) Trade receivables B) Inventory C) Delivery van D) Bank Answer: C
  5. A statement of financial position shows total assets of $180,000, current liabilities of $20,000 and non-current liabilities of $30,000. What must total equity equal? A) $130,000 B) $150,000 C) $180,000 D) $230,000 Answer: A

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