Crude Oil
Bayani Gaba-gaba
Crude oil is one of the most valuable natural resources on Earth. It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons that, once separated, provides fuels for transport, raw materials for plastics, and feedstock for the entire petrochemical industry.
In this lesson you will learn how fractional distillation separates crude oil into useful fractions, what those fractions are used for, how hydrocarbons burn in complete and incomplete combustion, why combustion products cause pollution, and how cracking converts less useful long-chain molecules into shorter, more valuable ones.
Manufura
- Know that crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons
- Describe how the industrial process of fractional distillation separates crude oil into fractions
- Know the names and uses of the main fractions obtained from crude oil
- Know the trend in colour, boiling point and viscosity of the main fractions
- Know that a fuel is a substance that, when burned, releases heat energy
- Know the possible products of complete and incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons with oxygen in the air
- Understand why carbon monoxide is poisonous in terms of its effect on the capacity of blood to transport oxygen
- Know that in car engines the temperature reached is high enough to allow nitrogen and oxygen from air to react, forming oxides of nitrogen
- Explain how the combustion of some impurities in hydrocarbon fuels results in the formation of sulfur dioxide
- Understand how sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen contribute to acid rain
- Describe how long-chain alkanes are converted to alkenes and shorter-chain alkanes by catalytic cracking
- Explain why cracking is necessary in terms of the balance between supply and demand for different fractions
Taswirar tunani
An zana wannan batu don ka ga yadda ra'ayoyi ke hadewa.
Bude taswirar tunani a cikin manhaja
Katunan tunawa
Gwaji mai sauri kan abin da ake jarraba a wannan batu.
Yi atisayen wadannan katuna a cikin manhaja
Takardar Darasi
Cikakken Bayanin Darasi Yana Kan Manhajar Green Bridge
Sami manhajar Green Bridge CBT a wayarka ko kwamfutarka domin cikakken laburaren IGCSE: takardun jarrabawar baya, tsarin kimantawa, taswirar tunani, katunan karatu da darussan sauti.
Nazarin Darasi
Barka da kammala darasi akan Crude Oil. Yanzu da kuka bincika mahimman raayoyi da raayoyi, lokaci yayi da zaku gwada ilimin ku. Wannan sashe yana ba da ayyuka iri-iri Tambayoyin da aka tsara don ƙarfafa fahimtar ku da kuma taimaka muku auna fahimtar ku game da kayan.
Za ka gamu da haɗe-haɗen nau'ikan tambayoyi, ciki har da tambayoyin zaɓi da yawa, tambayoyin gajeren amsa, da tambayoyin rubutu. Kowace tambaya an ƙirƙira ta da kyau don auna fannoni daban-daban na iliminka da ƙwarewar tunani mai zurfi.
Yi wannan ɓangaren na kimantawa a matsayin wata dama don ƙarfafa fahimtarka kan batun kuma don gano duk wani yanki da kake buƙatar ƙarin karatu. Kada ka yanke ƙauna da duk wani ƙalubale da ka fuskanta; maimakon haka, ka kallesu a matsayin damar haɓaka da ingantawa.
- Crude oil is a mixture of: A) Elements B) Hydrocarbons C) Metals D) Salts Answer: B
- In a fractionating column, which fraction is collected at the top? A) Bitumen B) Diesel C) Refinery gases D) Fuel oil Answer: C
- What are the products of complete combustion of a hydrocarbon? A) Carbon monoxide and water B) Carbon dioxide and water C) Carbon and water D) Carbon dioxide and hydrogen Answer: B
- Carbon monoxide is poisonous because it: A) Is acidic B) Smells toxic C) Binds to haemoglobin and prevents oxygen transport D) Reacts with water to form acid Answer: C
- Cracking is needed because: A) Short-chain hydrocarbons are in lower demand B) Long-chain fractions are in higher demand C) The supply of lighter fractions does not meet the demand D) All fractions have equal demand Answer: C
Yi aikin wadannan tambayoyi a cikin manhaja
Yi aikin wadannan tambayoyi a cikin manhaja
Littattafan da ake ba da shawarar karantawa
Ƙarin koyo daga tushe na buɗe
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Sashen littafi
Colligative Properties
Express concentrations of solution components using mole fraction and molality
"Chemistry: Colligative Properties" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/11-4-colligative-properties. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/1-introduction
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Sashen littafi
Biogeochemical Cycles
Discuss the biogeochemical cycles of water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur
"Biology: Biogeochemical Cycles" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/46-3-biogeochemical-cycles. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
Wasu ƙungiyoyi ne suka wallafa su ƙarƙashin lasisin buɗe, kuma muna ambaton su yadda suka nema. Hanyoyin suna buɗe shafukansu.
Yi Aikin Tambayoyin Gwaji
Kana son yin aikin tambayoyin gwaji kan Crude Oil? Sauke manhajar Green Bridge CBT don samun tambayoyin gwaji da cikakkun jarrabawa akan wannan batu.
Sauke Manhajar Daga Google Playstore
Duk abin da kake buƙata don yin fice a JAMB, WAEC & NECO.
