WAEC SSCE - Civic Education - 2025 (Essay)

Bayanin Amsa

Public service in Nigeria has several functions. These include:
- Implementation of government policies: Public service is responsible for the implementation of government policies.
- Provision of services: Public service provides services to the public such as healthcare, education, and infrastructure.
- Regulation: Public service regulates the activities of individuals and organizations in the country.
- Collection of revenue: Public service collects revenue for the government through taxes and levies:e Windows
- Maintenance of law and order: Public service helps in maintaining law and order in the country. 

Bayanin Amsa

a)  Civic education is a vital aspect of any country's educational curriculum as it helps to instill certain values in the
citizens. Five values of civic education include:
- Respect for human dignity: Civic education teaches individuals to respect the dignity of all humans irrespective of
their race, religion, or social status.
- Equality: It promotes the idea that all individuals are equal and should be treated as such.
- Justice: Civic education instills the value of justice in individuals, teaching them to be fair in all their dealings.
- Rule of law: It teaches the importance of laws and the need to abide by them.
- Patriotism: Civic education instills a sense of patriotism in individuals, making them love and respect their country.

b) Citizenship education plays a crucial role in nation-building in the following ways:
- Encourages Participation: It encourages citizens to participate in the democratic process, thereby contributing to the
decision-making process.
- Instills Patriotism: It instills a sense of patriotism in citizens, making them more committed to the development of
their nation.
- Promotes Respect for Law and Order: It teaches citizens the importance of law and order, thereby reducing crime
rates.
- Encourages Volunteerism: It encourages citizens to volunteer their time and resources for the development of the nation.
- Promotes Unity: It teaches citizens about the importance of unity and how it contributes to the development of the nation.

Bayanin Amsa

a) Cultism in society has several consequences. These include:
- Loss of lives and property: Cultism often leads to violent clashes where lives are lost and properties destroyed.
- Disruption of academic activities: In schools, cult activities often disrupt academic work, leading to frequent closures
of schools.
- Moral decadence: Cultism promotes immoral activities and erodes the moral values of the society.
- Insecurity: The activities of cultists create an atmosphere of fear and insecurity.
- Poor societal development: Resources that could have been used for societal development are often used to repair
damages caused by cult activities.
- Stigmatization: Members of the society who are known to be cultists are often stigmatized and discriminated against.

b) There are several hindrances to the eradication of cultism in Nigeria. These include:
- Poor enforcement of laws: The laws against cultism are not effectively enforced.
- Corruption: Some law enforcement officers are corrupt and often compromise when dealing with cultists.
- Societal acceptance: Some members of the society see cultism as a norm and this makes it difficult to eradicate.

Bayanin Amsa

a) The legitimacy of a constituted authority in society is determined by the following factors:
- Consent of the Governed: The authority must be established with the consent of the people. This is usually achieved
through elections.
- Rule of Law: The authority must operate within the confines of the law. Any authority that operates outside the law is
considered illegitimate.
- Respect for Human Rights: The authority must respect and protect the human rights of the citizens Any authority
that violates human rights is considered illegitimate.

b) The following are six factors that facilitate citizens' obedience to constituted authority in Nigeria:
- Education: When citizens are educated about the importance of obeying the law, they are more likely to do so.
- Fear of Punishment: The fear of punishment for disobedience can also make citizens obey the law.
- Respect for Authority: When citizens respect the authority, they are more likely to obey the law.
- Good Governance: When the government is transparent and accountable, citizens are more likely to obey the law.
- Economic Incentives: Economic incentives such as tax breaks can also encourage citizens to obey the lawdows
- Cultural Values: In some cultures, obedience to authority is a deeply ingrained value.