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Tambaya 1 Rahoto
(a) Explain briefly the process of perceiving smell in humans.
(b) State the adaptive features of the egg of a domestic fowl
(c) (i) What are autotrophs?
(ii) Name two unicellular organisms that are autotrophs
(d) State five functions of the World Health Organisation
(e) Name two example each of plants and animals that live in a freshwater pond.
(f) In the table below, state five differences between the skin of a mammal and the epidermis of a leaf.
(g) A farmer has two plots of land; plots A and B. on Plot A the farmer planted several seeds of maize. On plot B, the farmer planted several seeds of maize and pepper in a small area. What type of competition would be observed on
(i) Plot A
(ii) Plot B
(a) Process of perceiving smell in humans
(b) Adaptive features of the egg of a domestic fowl
(c)(i) Autotrophs
Autotrophs are organisms that manufacture their own food from simple inorganic substances, using light energy or chemical energy.
(c)(ii) Two unicellular autotrophs
Chlamydomonas and Euglena.
(d) Five functions of the World Health Organisation (WHO)
(e) Organisms found in a freshwater pond
| Plants | Animals |
|---|---|
| Water lily | Tilapia fish |
| Spirogyra | Tadpole |
(f) Differences between the skin of a mammal and the epidermis of a leaf
| Skin of a mammal | Epidermis of a leaf |
|---|---|
| It consists of many layers of cells. | It is usually a single layer of cells. |
| It has sweat glands. | It has no sweat glands. |
| It has sebaceous glands. | It has no sebaceous glands. |
| It has hair follicles and may bear hairs. | It has no hair follicles. |
| It has no stomata with guard cells. | It has stomata surrounded by guard cells. |
(g) Type of competition
(i) Plot A: Intraspecific competition, since maize plants of the same species compete with one another.
(ii) Plot B: Interspecific competition, since maize and pepper are different species competing for resources.
Bayanin Amsa
(a) Process of perceiving smell in humans
(b) Adaptive features of the egg of a domestic fowl
(c)(i) Autotrophs
Autotrophs are organisms that manufacture their own food from simple inorganic substances, using light energy or chemical energy.
(c)(ii) Two unicellular autotrophs
Chlamydomonas and Euglena.
(d) Five functions of the World Health Organisation (WHO)
(e) Organisms found in a freshwater pond
| Plants | Animals |
|---|---|
| Water lily | Tilapia fish |
| Spirogyra | Tadpole |
(f) Differences between the skin of a mammal and the epidermis of a leaf
| Skin of a mammal | Epidermis of a leaf |
|---|---|
| It consists of many layers of cells. | It is usually a single layer of cells. |
| It has sweat glands. | It has no sweat glands. |
| It has sebaceous glands. | It has no sebaceous glands. |
| It has hair follicles and may bear hairs. | It has no hair follicles. |
| It has no stomata with guard cells. | It has stomata surrounded by guard cells. |
(g) Type of competition
(i) Plot A: Intraspecific competition, since maize plants of the same species compete with one another.
(ii) Plot B: Interspecific competition, since maize and pepper are different species competing for resources.
Tambaya 2 Rahoto
(a) State four characteristics of enzymes
(b) (i) List two digestive enzymes produced in the duodenum of humans
(ii) Name the substrate that each enzyme listed in 2(b)(i) acts on.
(iii) State the products of each enzyme activity in 2(b)(ii)
(c) (i) State one way in which chlorophyll is important in plants
(ii) Name two macroelements that are required for the formation of chlorophyll in plants.
(iii) State one deficiency symptom of each macroelement named in 2 (c) (ii) above
(d) Outline the proce-dure used for testing for starch in a leaf
(a) Four characteristics of enzymes
(b) Digestive enzymes of the duodenum
| Enzyme | Substrate | Products |
|---|---|---|
| Trypsin (protease) | Proteins / peptones | Polypeptides (peptides) |
| Pancreatic amylase | Starch | Maltose |
| Pancreatic lipase | Fats (lipids) | Fatty acids and glycerol |
(Any two of the above are acceptable.)
(c)(i) Importance of chlorophyll
Chlorophyll traps (absorbs) light energy from the sun and uses it to manufacture food during photosynthesis.
(c)(ii) Two macroelements needed for chlorophyll formation
Magnesium and nitrogen (iron is also required for its synthesis).
(c)(iii) Deficiency symptoms
(d) Testing for starch in a leaf
Bayanin Amsa
(a) Four characteristics of enzymes
(b) Digestive enzymes of the duodenum
| Enzyme | Substrate | Products |
|---|---|---|
| Trypsin (protease) | Proteins / peptones | Polypeptides (peptides) |
| Pancreatic amylase | Starch | Maltose |
| Pancreatic lipase | Fats (lipids) | Fatty acids and glycerol |
(Any two of the above are acceptable.)
(c)(i) Importance of chlorophyll
Chlorophyll traps (absorbs) light energy from the sun and uses it to manufacture food during photosynthesis.
(c)(ii) Two macroelements needed for chlorophyll formation
Magnesium and nitrogen (iron is also required for its synthesis).
(c)(iii) Deficiency symptoms
(d) Testing for starch in a leaf
Tambaya 3 Rahoto
(a) A child belongs to blood group 0 and the mother be-longs to group B. With the aid of genetic cross, state the possible blood groups of the father.
(b) (i) Name two forms of adaptive communication in animals
(ii) State two reasons why organisms communicate with one an-other.
(a) Genetic cross to find the father's blood group
The child is blood group O, so the child's genotype is ioio (recessive alleles only). The child must receive one io allele from each parent.
The mother is group B. She has passed an io to the O child, so her genotype must be Ibio (heterozygous B).
The father must also supply an io allele to the child. Any father whose genotype contains an io allele can do this. Therefore the possible genotypes of the father are:
A simple cross for a group O father shows this:
Mother (Ibio) × Father (ioio)
| io | io | |
|---|---|---|
| Ib | Ibio (B) | Ibio (B) |
| io | ioio (O) | ioio (O) |
This gives group O children, confirming the father can be group O. The same reasoning shows he could also be group A (IAio) or group B (Ibio), because each of these carries an io allele. He cannot be group AB, because AB (IAIb) has no io allele to give an O child.
Possible blood groups of the father: A, B or O.
(b)(i) Two forms of adaptive communication in animals
Chemical communication (release of pheromones/scents) and sound/vocal communication (calls, songs). (Others: visual/display communication, tactile/touch communication.)
(b)(ii) Two reasons why organisms communicate
Bayanin Amsa
(a) Genetic cross to find the father's blood group
The child is blood group O, so the child's genotype is ioio (recessive alleles only). The child must receive one io allele from each parent.
The mother is group B. She has passed an io to the O child, so her genotype must be Ibio (heterozygous B).
The father must also supply an io allele to the child. Any father whose genotype contains an io allele can do this. Therefore the possible genotypes of the father are:
A simple cross for a group O father shows this:
Mother (Ibio) × Father (ioio)
| io | io | |
|---|---|---|
| Ib | Ibio (B) | Ibio (B) |
| io | ioio (O) | ioio (O) |
This gives group O children, confirming the father can be group O. The same reasoning shows he could also be group A (IAio) or group B (Ibio), because each of these carries an io allele. He cannot be group AB, because AB (IAIb) has no io allele to give an O child.
Possible blood groups of the father: A, B or O.
(b)(i) Two forms of adaptive communication in animals
Chemical communication (release of pheromones/scents) and sound/vocal communication (calls, songs). (Others: visual/display communication, tactile/touch communication.)
(b)(ii) Two reasons why organisms communicate
Tambaya 4 Rahoto
(a) Name one instrument used for collecting:
(i) soil organism from a soil sample
(ii) tiny insects from a leaf or a stem.
(b) make a diagram 6 cm - 8 cm long of the instrument named in (a)(ii) above and label fully.
(c) Explain briefly the relationship between three examples of symbiotic organisms.
(a) Instruments for collecting organisms
(b) Diagram of the pooter
A labelled drawing (6 cm to 8 cm long) of a pooter should be made showing: a small glass or plastic collecting jar (bottle) closed with a rubber bung, through which pass two tubes; the inlet tube (mouth of which is placed over the insect), the suction (mouth) tube through which the collector sucks air, and a piece of fine gauze / muslin tied over the inner end of the suction tube to prevent the insect from being sucked into the mouth. When air is sucked, the insect is drawn through the inlet tube into the jar.
(c) Relationship between symbiotic organisms
Symbiosis is a close association between two different organisms living together. Three examples:
(Others: ruminants and cellulose-digesting bacteria in their gut; Paramecium and Zoochlorella.)
Bayanin Amsa
(a) Instruments for collecting organisms
(b) Diagram of the pooter
A labelled drawing (6 cm to 8 cm long) of a pooter should be made showing: a small glass or plastic collecting jar (bottle) closed with a rubber bung, through which pass two tubes; the inlet tube (mouth of which is placed over the insect), the suction (mouth) tube through which the collector sucks air, and a piece of fine gauze / muslin tied over the inner end of the suction tube to prevent the insect from being sucked into the mouth. When air is sucked, the insect is drawn through the inlet tube into the jar.
(c) Relationship between symbiotic organisms
Symbiosis is a close association between two different organisms living together. Three examples:
(Others: ruminants and cellulose-digesting bacteria in their gut; Paramecium and Zoochlorella.)
Tambaya 5 Rahoto
(a) (i) What is classification of living things?
(ii) Name the scientist that developed the Binomial Sys-tern of Classification
(iii) State three reasons why it is necessary to classify living things
(iv) List seven major groups into which taxonomists classify living things in order of hierarchy
(b) state two features each which viruses have in common with: (i) living things
(ii) non-living things
(c) Name two viral disease each of:
(i) plants
(ii) humans
(a)(i) Classification of living things
Classification is the arrangement of living things into groups on the basis of their similarities and differences, so that related organisms are placed together.
(a)(ii) Scientist
Carolus Linnaeus (Carl Linnaeus) developed the binomial system of nomenclature.
(a)(iii) Three reasons why classification is necessary
(a)(iv) Seven major groups in order of hierarchy
(b) Features viruses share
(i) With living things:
(ii) With non-living things:
(c) Viral diseases
Bayanin Amsa
(a)(i) Classification of living things
Classification is the arrangement of living things into groups on the basis of their similarities and differences, so that related organisms are placed together.
(a)(ii) Scientist
Carolus Linnaeus (Carl Linnaeus) developed the binomial system of nomenclature.
(a)(iii) Three reasons why classification is necessary
(a)(iv) Seven major groups in order of hierarchy
(b) Features viruses share
(i) With living things:
(ii) With non-living things:
(c) Viral diseases
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