WAEC SSCE - Christian Religious Studies - 2011

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Saul was converted on his journey to Damascus. Saul, who later became known as Paul, was a persecutor of Christians who was traveling to Damascus with the intent of arresting followers of Jesus. On the way to Damascus, Saul was struck by a blinding light and heard the voice of Jesus speaking to him. This experience caused him to realize that he had been wrong about Jesus and that he needed to repent and follow him. Saul was blinded by the light and had to be led into the city by his companions. While in Damascus, he was visited by Ananias, who restored his sight and baptized him. After his conversion, Saul became a fervent follower of Jesus and went on to become one of the most important figures in the early Christian church.

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God's constant love for unfaithful Israel is demonstrated in the book of Hosea. The book of Hosea is a prophetic book in the Old Testament, written by the prophet Hosea to the people of Israel during a time of great unfaithfulness and idolatry. Hosea's message was one of warning and judgment, but it was also a message of love and hope. In the book, Hosea was instructed by God to marry a prostitute named Gomer, who represented Israel's unfaithfulness to God. Gomer repeatedly left Hosea and returned to her life of prostitution, but Hosea continued to love her and take her back, just as God continued to love Israel despite their unfaithfulness. Through the story of Hosea and Gomer, God showed His constant love and faithfulness to Israel, even in the midst of their sin and rebellion. Hosea's message was a call for Israel to repent and turn back to God, and a reminder of God's unfailing love and mercy towards His people.

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This statement was Samuel's reaction to Saul's defense of disobedience. In the Old Testament of the Bible, Saul was anointed as the first king of Israel, but he disobeyed God's commands by sparing some of the spoils of war instead of destroying everything as he was instructed to do. When Samuel confronted him about it, Saul defended himself by saying he saved the best animals to sacrifice to God. Samuel then replied with this statement, explaining that obedience to God's commands is more important than making sacrifices or offerings. In other words, it is better to follow God's instructions in the first place than to try to make up for disobedience by offering sacrifices or performing other rituals.

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According to Paul in Galatians, the law ceased to be our custodian as soon as Christ adopted us as his children. In Galatians, Paul argues that the law was given to the people of Israel as a temporary measure to protect and guide them until the coming of Christ. However, with the arrival of Christ and his adoption of believers as his children, the law is no longer necessary as a custodian. Instead, believers are guided by the Holy Spirit and are called to live by faith in Christ. Paul emphasizes that salvation comes not from following the law, but through faith in Jesus Christ.

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Paul was stoned and dragged out of the city by Jews from Antioch and Iconium. This event occurred during Paul's first missionary journey to Lystra in the book of Acts. Paul and Barnabas were preaching the gospel message, and a man who had been lame from birth was healed. The people of the city, including some Jews, were amazed and started to worship Paul and Barnabas as gods. However, when the Jews from Antioch and Iconium heard about this, they stirred up the crowd and convinced them to turn against Paul and Barnabas. They stoned Paul, leaving him for dead, and dragged him outside the city. Despite being severely injured, Paul later recovered and continued his missionary work. This event is significant in Christian history because it demonstrates the opposition and persecution that early Christians faced while spreading the gospel message.

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Paul pleaded with Philemon to forgive Onesimus. In the New Testament of the Bible, the book of Philemon is a letter written by the apostle Paul to Philemon, a Christian who owned a slave named Onesimus. Onesimus had run away from Philemon and had eventually met Paul in prison. Paul had become a Christian leader and had helped Onesimus also become a Christian. In the letter, Paul urged Philemon to forgive Onesimus for running away and to welcome him back as a brother in Christ. Paul also offered to pay any debt that Onesimus may have owed Philemon. The letter shows Paul's compassion for both Philemon and Onesimus, and his belief in the power of forgiveness and reconciliation.

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On Ascension day, two men in white robes appeared to the disciples and informed them that Jesus, who had just ascended into heaven before their eyes, would come again. This event is recorded in the book of Acts, and it marks the end of Jesus' physical presence on earth and the beginning of the disciples' mission to spread the gospel message throughout the world. The two men in white robes were likely angels, and their message was one of hope and encouragement for the disciples. They assured them that Jesus' departure was not the end of their relationship with him, but rather the beginning of a new phase in which Jesus would continue to be with them in spirit and would eventually return to establish his kingdom on earth.

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Among the four options, the king who was raised by God against the Israelites for going after the Canaanite gods is Jabin. Jabin was the king of Canaan at the time when the Israelites were led by Joshua. Jabin was known for his military prowess, and he had a large army that he used to oppress the Israelites. The Israelites, under the leadership of Joshua, were able to defeat Jabin and his army, and they took control of the land of Canaan. Jabin's defeat was attributed to God's intervention on behalf of the Israelites, who were faithful to Him.

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The statement "Death is swallowed up in victory, oh death where is your victory?" is found in the book of Corinthians. Specifically, it can be found in 1 Corinthians 15:54. This passage is part of a larger discussion in which Paul is addressing the Corinthians' doubts about the resurrection of the dead. He argues that because Christ has been raised from the dead, so too shall believers be raised. The statement in question comes as Paul is emphasizing the ultimate defeat of death and the triumph of life through Christ's resurrection.

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James strongly condemned partiality in the Church for all the following reasons except that it accords due respect to the rich who merit it. James argued that showing partiality towards the rich and powerful while ignoring the poor and less fortunate was contrary to Christ's example of humility and a transgression of God's commandment to love our neighbors as ourselves. He stated that faith in Christ should be expressed through impartial love towards all members of the Church, regardless of their social status or wealth. Therefore, James did not suggest that the rich should not be respected, but rather that showing favoritism towards them in the Church is not in harmony with Christian virtue of love.

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The presentation of myrrh to Jesus signifies Jesus' suffering and impending death. In the New Testament of the Bible, the wise men, also known as the Magi, visited Jesus after his birth, bringing him gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh. Myrrh is a fragrant resin that was often used for embalming the dead. The presentation of myrrh to Jesus is significant because it foreshadows his suffering and impending death. It is believed that the wise men presented myrrh to Jesus as a symbolic gesture, recognizing that he would face great suffering and eventually die. In addition to its use in embalming, myrrh was also used as a pain reliever and to alleviate suffering. Therefore, the gift of myrrh to Jesus can also be seen as a symbol of comfort and support, acknowledging that he would face great trials and offering him the gift of relief from pain. Overall, the presentation of myrrh to Jesus signifies his suffering and impending death, as well as the recognition of his future trials and the offering of comfort and support.

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The sons of Eli were regarded as worthless men for sleeping with the women at the tent of the meeting, taking the meat for sacrifice before boiling, and showing no respect to God. However, they were not considered worthless for failing to attend the places of worship regularly. Eli's sons, Hophni and Phinehas, were priests who were entrusted with the responsibility of serving God at the tabernacle. Instead, they abused their position and engaged in sinful behavior, dishonoring God and bringing shame to their father's name. As a result, they were judged by God and punished severely. This story is recorded in 1 Samuel 2:12-36.

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The Galatians were reminded by Paul that they were Abraham's offspring and heirs according to the promise. In the New Testament of the Bible, the book of Galatians is a letter written by the apostle Paul to the churches in Galatia. Paul had preached to them the gospel of Jesus Christ, but some false teachers had come and were teaching that the Galatians needed to follow the Jewish law and traditions to be saved. In his letter, Paul reminded the Galatians that they were saved by grace through faith in Jesus Christ and not by their own good works or by following the Jewish law. He also reminded them that they were heirs according to the promise that God had made to Abraham. God had promised Abraham that through his offspring, all nations of the earth would be blessed. Paul explained that this promise was ultimately fulfilled in Jesus Christ, who was a descendant of Abraham and who brought salvation to all who believed in him. Therefore, Paul was urging the Galatians to hold fast to their faith in Jesus Christ and not be deceived by false teachings that added requirements to their salvation. He reminded them that they were heirs of the promise made to Abraham, and that this promise was fulfilled in Jesus Christ.

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In Corinthians, Paul argues that the gospel message can only be ineffective or "lifeless" for Christians if they deny the message of resurrection. In other words, if Christians do not believe in the resurrection of Christ, then the gospel message loses its power and meaning. Paul also discusses other problematic behaviors among Christians that can hinder the effectiveness of the gospel message, such as persecuting one another, gossiping, and entertaining idolatrous practices. However, these actions are not specifically mentioned as causing the gospel message to be lifeless.

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Peter called for the construction of three booths or tents for Jesus, Moses, and Elijah during the Transfiguration. The Transfiguration is an event in the New Testament where Jesus was transformed in appearance, and his clothes became dazzling white. During the Transfiguration, Jesus appeared with Moses and Elijah, and they talked about his upcoming death in Jerusalem. Peter, James, and John witnessed this event and were amazed. Peter suggested building three booths, one for each of them, as a way to honor and commemorate the event. However, this suggestion was not accepted, and a voice from a cloud proclaimed that Jesus was the beloved Son of God and that they should listen to him. This event is significant in Christian theology because it reinforces the belief that Jesus is the Son of God and that he has a unique relationship with God the Father.

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The resurrection of Jesus is significant to Christians because it marks the assurance of eternal life for Christians. According to the Christian faith, Jesus died on the cross to save humanity from sin, and his resurrection is seen as a triumph over death and a confirmation of his divine nature. Through his resurrection, Jesus conquered death and paved the way for eternal life for all who believe in him. This event is a central part of Christian theology and is celebrated as Easter, which is one of the most important Christian holidays.

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On the day of Ascension, Jesus promised his disciples the power of the Holy Ghost. This event is recorded in the book of Acts, where Jesus commanded his disciples to stay in Jerusalem until they received the promise of the Father, which was the baptism of the Holy Ghost. Before his ascension, Jesus told his disciples that they would receive power when the Holy Ghost came upon them, and that they would be witnesses for him in Jerusalem, Judea, Samaria, and to the ends of the earth. After Jesus ascended into heaven, the disciples waited in the upper room, praying and fasting, until the Holy Ghost descended upon them on the day of Pentecost. The promise of the Holy Ghost was fulfilled, and the disciples were empowered to preach the gospel message with boldness and perform miracles. The power of the Holy Ghost continues to be available to Christians today, providing comfort, guidance, and strength to live a holy and fruitful life.

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The statement "Go up and join this chariot" was made to Phillip. It is recorded in the book of Acts in the Bible, when Phillip was on a missionary journey and encountered an Ethiopian eunuch reading from the book of Isaiah in his chariot. The Holy Spirit instructed Phillip to approach the chariot, and when he did, the eunuch invited him to explain the meaning of the scripture he was reading. After Phillip explained it to him, the eunuch asked to be baptized, and Phillip baptized him.

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Paul advised the Thessalonians to be sober in maintaining their hope of salvation regarding the date of the Parousia, also known as the Second Coming of Christ. The Thessalonians were worried that they had missed the coming of Christ, and some were even quitting their jobs and being idle, waiting for his return. Paul reminded them that no one knows the exact date of the Parousia, and they should not be deceived by false predictions or speculations about it. However, he also encouraged them to maintain their hope of salvation, living soberly and righteously, and being prepared for the Parousia whenever it may occur. He also reminded them to comfort and encourage one another in the face of persecution and to avoid complacency, but to continue working and living their lives as responsible members of society.

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After the departure of the Israelites, God made Pharaoh pursue them in order to get glory over Pharaoh and his host. The Israelites had been enslaved in Egypt for 400 years and God had sent Moses to lead them out of Egypt and into the Promised Land. However, Pharaoh initially refused to let them go, and it was only after God sent plagues upon Egypt that Pharaoh relented and allowed the Israelites to leave. But then Pharaoh changed his mind and pursued the Israelites with his army. God parted the waters of the Red Sea and the Israelites were able to escape, but Pharaoh's army was destroyed when the waters closed back up over them. This event demonstrated God's power and glory over Pharaoh and his host. It is recorded in the book of Exodus, chapters 7-14.

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Paul asked the Thessalonians to imitate his action of working for his personal upkeep. In 2 Thessalonians 3:7-9, Paul says, "For you yourselves know how you ought to follow our example. We were not idle when we were with you, nor did we eat anyone's food without paying for it. On the contrary, we worked night and day, laboring and toiling so that we would not be a burden to any of you." In other words, Paul didn't demand support from his converts or eat their food without paying for it. Instead, he worked hard day and night to support himself and not be a burden on the Thessalonians. This was an example of self-sufficiency and personal responsibility that Paul wanted the Thessalonians to emulate.

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Bayanin Amsa

On Mount Gilboa, king Saul decided to commit suicide in order to avoid being captured and killed by the Philistines. In the Old Testament of the Bible, King Saul was the first king of Israel. However, he disobeyed God and eventually lost his favor. As a result, God chose David to be his successor. In one of the battles against the Philistines, Saul's army was defeated, and his sons were killed. Saul was injured, and he feared being captured and humiliated by the Philistines. Therefore, he asked his armor-bearer to kill him, but the armor-bearer refused. Saul then fell on his own sword, committing suicide. Saul's decision to commit suicide was not because of ridicule from the Philistines, witnessing the death of his sons, or the agony of the injuries received. Rather, he did it to avoid being captured and killed by the enemy.

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The name Moses means "drawn out of water." According to the Bible, Moses was a Hebrew baby who was placed in a basket and floated down the Nile River by his mother to protect him from being killed by the Egyptians. He was later found and adopted by the daughter of Pharaoh and raised as an Egyptian prince. The name "Moses" reflects this story of being drawn out of the water.

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On the fourth day of creation, God created the two great lights - the greater light to rule the day (the sun) and the lesser light to rule the night (the moon). These lights were set in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth and to mark the seasons, days, and years. God also created the stars and set them in the expanse of the sky. This is recorded in Genesis 1:14-19.

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The words "My son, your sins are forgiven" were spoken by Jesus to a paralytic man. According to the Gospel accounts, the paralytic man was brought to Jesus by some friends who had to lower him through the roof of the house where Jesus was preaching because of the large crowd. Jesus saw their faith and said to the paralytic, "My son, your sins are forgiven." This statement was significant because in Jewish culture, illness or disability was often seen as a result of sin. So by forgiving the man's sins, Jesus was also healing him physically and demonstrating His authority as the Son of God. Some religious leaders who were present at the time objected to Jesus' claim to forgive sins, but Jesus responded by healing the paralytic man and proving that He had the power to do both.

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In his comparison of the human body with the body of Christ, Paul did not mention the nose. In 1 Corinthians, Paul uses the analogy of the human body to explain how the church should function as the body of Christ. He explains that just as the human body has many parts that work together to form a complete body, so too does the body of Christ have many members who work together for the common good. Paul mentions several body parts, such as the hand, foot, and eye, to illustrate the point that each member of the body has a unique role to play. However, he does not mention the nose in this analogy.

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The words "And I asked them concerning the Jews that survived, who has escaped exile, and concerning Jerusalem..." were spoken by Nehemiah. Nehemiah was a Jewish cupbearer to the Persian king Artaxerxes I. He was concerned about the state of Jerusalem and its walls, which had been destroyed by the Babylonians. In 445 BC, he obtained permission from the king to go to Jerusalem and rebuild the walls. The quote refers to a conversation Nehemiah had with some men who had recently returned from Judah. He asked them about the Jewish survivors and the state of Jerusalem, likely to assess the scope of the task ahead of him. The conversation is recorded in Nehemiah 1:2.

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According to Paul, the phrase "As sin reigned in death, grace also might reign through righteousness" in Romans 5:21 refers to the power of grace to overcome the power of sin and death. In this passage, Paul is explaining how sin entered the world through Adam's disobedience, and how God's grace came into the world through Jesus Christ's obedience. Paul says that just as sin once had power over all people and led to death, now grace has even greater power through righteousness, or right standing with God, which is obtained through faith in Jesus Christ. Therefore, the phrase "As sin reigned in death, grace also might reign through righteousness to..." is completed by the option "eternal life", which refers to the new life that believers in Jesus Christ receive, a life that is characterized by freedom from sin and the promise of eternal life with God. This eternal life is made possible through the grace of God, which overcomes the power of sin and death.

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The statement "How is it that you, a Jew, ask a drink of me..." was made by the woman of Samaria. This encounter between Jesus and the Samaritan woman is recorded in John 4:1-42. Jesus was passing through Samaria when He stopped at a well to rest. The woman of Samaria came to draw water from the well, and Jesus asked her for a drink. The woman was surprised that Jesus, a Jew, would speak to her, a Samaritan woman. There was a long-standing hostility between Jews and Samaritans, and Jews typically did not associate with Samaritans. However, Jesus engaged the woman in conversation and revealed to her that He was the Messiah. The woman was so moved by this encounter that she went and told others in her town about Jesus.

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Following Jesus' death on the cross, the incidents that took place did not include the trembling of the chief priests. However, there were other remarkable events that occurred, such as the tearing of the Temple's veil into two, the quaking of the earth that broke rocks, and the opening of tombs. These events are recorded in the Bible as miraculous signs that accompanied Jesus' death and indicated the significance of His sacrifice. While the trembling of the chief priests is not mentioned in the accounts of these events, the other phenomena that took place were significant and memorable.

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Solomon's empire remained intact until his death in spite of his apostasy because God had offered for David's sake to spare the punishment due to Solomon. Solomon, the son of King David, was known for his wisdom and wealth. However, he also fell into apostasy by marrying many foreign wives who led him astray to worship their gods. This angered God, and He had warned Solomon that He would tear his kingdom apart and leave him with only one tribe because of his disobedience. Despite Solomon's sin, his empire remained intact because of God's promise to David, Solomon's father. God had promised David that his dynasty would continue forever, and because of David's faithfulness to God, God would spare his kingdom from destruction. Therefore, even though Solomon's actions had consequences, God's promise to David allowed his empire to remain intact until his death.

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According to Joseph's interpretation to Pharaoh's dreams, the seven empty ears blighted by the east wind represented years of famine. In the book of Genesis in the Bible, Joseph was a young man who had been sold into slavery in Egypt. He was able to interpret dreams and was eventually summoned to interpret Pharaoh's dreams. Pharaoh had dreamed of seven fat cows being devoured by seven skinny cows, and of seven plump ears of grain being consumed by seven thin and blighted ears of grain. Joseph interpreted these dreams as meaning that there would be seven years of abundance, followed by seven years of famine in the land of Egypt. The seven empty ears blighted by the east wind represented the seven years of famine that would follow the seven years of abundance. The east wind was known for its hot and dry nature, which would cause the grain to wither and become useless. Joseph's interpretation led Pharaoh to prepare for the coming famine by storing up grain during the years of abundance. This ultimately saved the people of Egypt from starvation and showed Joseph's wisdom and faithfulness to God.

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The contest between Elijah and the prophets of Baal took place at Mount Carmel. The story of the contest between Elijah and the prophets of Baal is found in 1 Kings 18 in the Old Testament. The prophets of Baal were false prophets who worshiped a pagan god, and Elijah was a prophet of the Lord God. Elijah challenged the prophets of Baal to a contest to see which God was truly powerful and would answer their prayers. The contest took place at Mount Carmel, a mountain range in Israel. Elijah instructed the prophets of Baal to build an altar and call on their god to send down fire to light the altar, but despite their fervent prayers and rituals, no fire came. Elijah then built an altar to the Lord God and called on Him to send down fire, and immediately, fire came down from heaven and consumed the sacrifice and the altar. The contest at Mount Carmel was a demonstration of the power and glory of the Lord God, and a rebuke to the false worship of the prophets of Baal. It was also a turning point in the history of Israel, as many of the people who witnessed the contest turned back to the worship of the Lord God.

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James advised Christians to portray their faith in Jesus by practicalizing their Christian belief. In his epistle, James emphasized the importance of not just hearing the word of God but also putting it into practice. He encouraged Christians to show their faith by their deeds, such as caring for the needy, visiting the sick, and being merciful to others. James believed that faith without works is dead, and that true faith is demonstrated by one's actions. While prayer and fasting are also essential practices for Christians, James emphasized the importance of practical actions in demonstrating one's faith. By living out their faith, Christians can be a witness to others and bring glory to God.

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David bitterly mourned when Abner was slain by Joab. Abner was a commander in Saul's army and had recently joined forces with David. However, Joab, who was David's commander, was still angry with Abner for killing his brother Asahel in battle. Joab tricked Abner into coming to him and then murdered him. When David heard the news of Abner's death, he mourned deeply and cursed Joab for his treachery. David even wrote a lament, which is recorded in 2 Samuel 3:33-34, expressing his sorrow and honoring Abner's bravery.

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The sons Joel and Abijah were the sons of Samuel. Samuel was a prophet and judge in Israel and was an important figure in the Old Testament. He was the last judge of Israel and anointed Saul and later David as kings. Joel and Abijah were appointed as judges by Samuel but they did not follow in their father's footsteps and were corrupt judges.

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The first king of Israel was Saul. Saul was chosen by God to be the first king of Israel, according to the Old Testament of the Bible. He was anointed as king by the prophet Samuel, who poured oil on his head as a sign of his selection by God. Saul's reign as king was not always successful, and he made some mistakes that angered God. For example, he disobeyed God's commands and spared the life of a king he was supposed to destroy. As a result, God rejected him as king and chose David to be his successor. Despite his flaws, Saul played an important role in the history of Israel as its first king. He led the Israelites in battles against their enemies and helped establish a monarchy that would continue for generations to come.

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(a) Peter's advice to Christians living among non-Christians (1 Peter 2:11-17; 3:8-17)

Peter counselled the believers, whom he called aliens and exiles, on how to live among unbelievers:

• They should abstain from the passions of the flesh that war against the soul.
• They should maintain good conduct among the Gentiles, so that though accused of doing wrong, the outsiders may see their good deeds and glorify God.
• They should be subject to every lawful human authority, whether the emperor or governors, for the Lord's sake, and by doing right silence the ignorance of foolish men.
• They should honour all men, love the brotherhood, fear God and honour the emperor.
• They should have unity of spirit, sympathy, brotherly love, a tender heart and a humble mind.
• They should not return evil for evil or reviling for reviling, but bless instead, for to this they were called.
• They should always be prepared to make a defence to anyone who asks a reason for the hope that is in them, yet do so with gentleness and reverence, keeping a clear conscience.
• If they must suffer, it is better to suffer for doing right than for doing wrong.

(b) Three ways Christians can promote good relationship with non-Christians

• By living an exemplary, honest and loving life that reflects Christ and wins the respect of others.
• By showing kindness, tolerance and readiness to help non-Christians in their needs.
• By avoiding provocation and returning good for evil, thus living peaceably with all people.

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(a) The cleansing of the Temple in Matthew's Gospel (Matthew 21:12-17)

After His triumphal entry into Jerusalem, Jesus entered the temple of God and drove out all who were selling and buying in the temple. He overturned the tables of the money-changers and the seats of those who sold pigeons.

He said to them, "It is written, 'My house shall be called a house of prayer'; but you make it a den of robbers," quoting the prophets Isaiah and Jeremiah. By this He condemned the commercialisation and corruption that had turned the house of God into a marketplace of cheating and profit.

Then the blind and the lame came to Him in the temple, and He healed them. When the chief priests and the scribes saw the wonderful things He did, and heard the children crying out in the temple, "Hosanna to the Son of David," they were indignant and asked Him, "Do you hear what these are saying?" Jesus answered, "Yes; have you never read, 'Out of the mouths of babes and sucklings you have brought perfect praise'?" He then left them and went out of the city to Bethany, where He lodged.

(b) Two ways the Church is defiled today

• Turning the church into a place of commerce and materialism, where money-making, selling of miracles and exploitation of members replace true worship.
• Immoral and ungodly conduct by members and leaders, such as fraud, sexual immorality, hypocrisy and quarrelling, which pollute the sanctity of God's house.

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(a) Main issues Jeremiah addressed in his prophecy of doom (Jeremiah 2-7 and related chapters)

Jeremiah pronounced judgement upon Judah and Israel, addressing the following main issues:

• Idolatry and apostasy: the people had forsaken the LORD, the fountain of living waters, and hewn out for themselves broken cisterns that could hold no water. They worshipped Baal and other false gods and burned incense to them.
• Spiritual harlotry and unfaithfulness: Israel had played the harlot under every green tree and on every high hill, breaking her covenant with God who was her husband.
• Social injustice and moral corruption: there was oppression of the poor, the orphan and the widow, shedding of innocent blood, stealing, lying, adultery and swearing falsely.
• Empty and false religion: the people trusted in deceptive words, saying "The temple of the LORD, the temple of the LORD," believing the temple would protect them while they continued in sin. Jeremiah warned that God would destroy that temple as He had destroyed Shiloh.
• Corrupt leadership: the prophets prophesied falsely, the priests ruled by their own authority, and the people loved it so.
• Refusal to repent: despite repeated warnings, the people would not turn from their evil ways.
• Announcement of judgement: because of these sins, God would bring an enemy from the north (Babylon) to destroy the land, and the people would go into exile and captivity.

(b) Two qualities of Jeremiah worthy of emulation

• Courage and boldness in speaking God's message of truth even to kings, priests and a hostile people.
• Faithfulness and perseverance, continuing to serve God through suffering, persecution and rejection.

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(a) The Christian attitude in the face of persecution according to Peter (1 Peter 3:13-17; 4:12-19)

Peter counselled believers on how to react when they suffer for their faith:

• They should not be surprised at the fiery ordeal that comes to test them, as though something strange were happening; suffering for Christ is to be expected.
• They should rejoice in so far as they share Christ's sufferings, so that they may also rejoice and be glad when His glory is revealed.
• If they are reproached for the name of Christ, they are blessed, because the spirit of glory and of God rests upon them.
• They must make sure they suffer as Christians and not as murderers, thieves, wrongdoers or mischief-makers; there is no honour in suffering for evil.
• Even if they suffer for righteousness' sake, they are blessed; they should have no fear of their persecutors nor be troubled.
• They should in their hearts reverence Christ as Lord, and always be ready to give a gentle and reverent defence of their hope.
• It is better, if it be God's will, to suffer for doing right than for doing wrong.
• Those who suffer according to God's will should entrust their souls to a faithful Creator and continue to do good, not glorifying persecution but glorifying God in that name.

(b) Three types of persecution Christians may encounter today

• Physical persecution such as beating, imprisonment, torture or death for the faith.
• Verbal and social persecution such as insults, mockery, slander, discrimination and rejection.
• Economic persecution such as loss of jobs, denial of promotion, or being deprived of business and opportunities because of one's faith.

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(a) Features of the New Life in Christ as stated by Paul in Colossians (Colossians 3:1-17)

Paul taught that those raised with Christ have entered a new life, whose features are:

• They should seek the things that are above, where Christ is seated at the right hand of God, and set their minds on things above, not on things on earth, for they have died and their life is hidden with Christ in God.
• They must put to death what is earthly in them: fornication, impurity, passion, evil desire and covetousness, which is idolatry, for on account of these the wrath of God comes.
• They must put away anger, wrath, malice, slander, foul talk and lying, having put off the old nature with its practices.
• They have put on the new nature, which is being renewed in knowledge after the image of its Creator, where there is neither Greek nor Jew, circumcised nor uncircumcised, slave nor free, but Christ is all and in all.
• As God's chosen ones, holy and beloved, they must put on compassion, kindness, lowliness, meekness and patience.
• They should forbear one another and forgive each other, as the Lord forgave them.
• Above all they must put on love, which binds everything together in perfect harmony.
• The peace of Christ should rule in their hearts, and they should be thankful.
• The word of Christ should dwell in them richly, teaching and admonishing one another in psalms, hymns and spiritual songs.
• Whatever they do in word or deed, they should do everything in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God the Father through Him.

(b) Three practices which can have a negative effect on the Christian community

• Immorality and sexual impurity such as fornication and adultery.
• Anger, malice, slander, backbiting and quarrelling among members.
• Covetousness, greed, dishonesty and lying.

Bayanin Amsa

(a) The report of the spies sent to Canaan (Numbers 13-14)

At the LORD's command, Moses sent twelve men, one leader from each tribe, to spy out the land of Canaan. They were to find out whether the land was good or bad, whether the people were strong or weak, few or many, and whether the cities were fortified; and to bring back some of the fruit of the land.

The spies went up and searched the land for forty days, from the wilderness of Zin to Rehob. At the Valley of Eshcol they cut down a single cluster of grapes so large that it had to be carried on a pole between two men, along with pomegranates and figs, showing the richness of the land.

On their return they reported to Moses, Aaron and the whole congregation that the land truly flowed with milk and honey, and they showed its fruit. But they added a discouraging report: the people who dwelt there were strong, the cities were fortified and very large, and they had seen the descendants of Anak, giants, in the land, as well as Amalekites, Hittites, Jebusites, Amorites and Canaanites. Ten of the spies said, "We are not able to go up against the people, for they are stronger than we," and they spread a bad report, saying the land devoured its inhabitants and that they seemed like grasshoppers beside the giants.

Only Caleb and Joshua gave a positive report. Caleb quieted the people and said, "Let us go up at once and occupy it, for we are well able to overcome it." They urged the people not to rebel or fear, for the LORD was with them. But the congregation believed the ten and murmured against Moses, wishing they had died in Egypt, and even proposed choosing a new leader to take them back. Because of their unbelief, God decreed that that generation would wander in the wilderness for forty years and die there, and only Caleb and Joshua would enter the land. The ten faithless spies died of a plague.

(b) Two lessons from this incident

• We should trust God fully and not be ruled by fear, for with God all things are possible.
• Unbelief and disobedience bring loss and delay the fulfilment of God's promises, while faith and courage are rewarded.

Bayanin Amsa

(a) The mission of Peter in Lydda and Joppa (Acts 9:32-43)

At Lydda. As Peter went here and there among all the believers, he came down to the saints living in Lydda. There he found a man named Aeneas, who had been bedridden for eight years and was paralysed. Peter said to him, "Aeneas, Jesus Christ heals you; rise and make your bed." Immediately he rose. All the residents of Lydda and Sharon saw him, and they turned to the Lord.

At Joppa. In nearby Joppa there was a disciple named Tabitha, which in Greek is Dorcas. She was full of good works and acts of charity, especially making garments for widows. At that time she fell sick and died, and her body was washed and laid in an upper room. Since Lydda was near Joppa, the disciples, hearing that Peter was there, sent two men urging him to come without delay.

Peter went with them, and when he arrived they took him to the upper room, where all the widows stood weeping and showing the tunics and garments Dorcas had made while she was with them. Peter put them all outside, knelt down and prayed. Then turning to the body he said, "Tabitha, rise." She opened her eyes, and seeing Peter she sat up. He gave her his hand and lifted her up, then called the saints and widows and presented her alive.

This became known throughout all Joppa, and many believed in the Lord. Peter stayed in Joppa for many days with one Simon, a tanner.

(b) Three lessons from this mission

• Faith in the name of Jesus Christ brings healing and even raises the dead; the power of God works through His faithful servants.
• A life of good works and charity, like that of Dorcas, is precious and leaves a lasting testimony.
• Miracles and genuine acts of God draw people to faith, for many turned to the Lord and believed.

Bayanin Amsa

(a) Main features of God's covenant with Abraham (Genesis 12, 15, 17)

God entered into a covenant with Abraham (formerly Abram), and its main features were:

• God promised to make Abraham a great nation and to make his name great, so that he would be a blessing.
• God promised to bless those who blessed him and curse those who cursed him, and that in him all the families of the earth would be blessed.
• God promised to give the land of Canaan to Abraham and his descendants as an everlasting possession.
• God promised Abraham numerous descendants, as many as the stars of heaven and the sand of the seashore, though he was old and childless.
• God changed his name from Abram to Abraham, meaning "father of a multitude," and Sarai's to Sarah.
• God promised that kings would come from him and that He would be God to him and to his descendants after him.
• Circumcision of every male on the eighth day was given as the sign of the covenant.
• God foretold that his descendants would be strangers and slaves in a foreign land for four hundred years, after which they would come out with great possessions.
• The covenant was sealed with a sacrifice of animals cut in two, and a smoking fire pot and flaming torch passed between the pieces.

(b) Three reasons for covenant relationships

• To establish trust, unity and loyalty between the parties involved.
• To bind the parties to specific promises and obligations that must be faithfully kept.
• To guarantee protection, blessing and mutual benefit, and to seal peace or reconciliation.

Bayanin Amsa

(a) Jesus' teaching about Himself as the True Vine (John 15:1-11)

Jesus said, "I am the true vine, and my Father is the vinedresser." He taught the following:

• Every branch in Him that bears no fruit, the Father takes away; and every branch that does bear fruit, He prunes, that it may bear more fruit.
• The disciples were already clean (pruned) because of the word He had spoken to them.
• He urged them, "Abide in me, and I in you. As the branch cannot bear fruit by itself, unless it abides in the vine, neither can you, unless you abide in me."
• "I am the vine, you are the branches. He who abides in me, and I in him, he it is that bears much fruit, for apart from me you can do nothing."
• Anyone who does not abide in Him is cast forth as a branch and withers; such branches are gathered, thrown into the fire and burned.
• If they abide in Him and His words abide in them, they may ask whatever they will and it shall be done for them.
• By bearing much fruit they glorify the Father and prove to be His disciples.
• He called them to abide in His love and keep His commandments, as He kept His Father's commandments, so that His joy might be in them and their joy might be full.

(b) Three ways this teaching is significant to Christians

• It teaches that Christians must remain united with Christ through faith, obedience and fellowship, for without Him they can do nothing.
• It shows that a true Christian must bear good fruit, that is, a life of good works and Christian virtues, to the glory of God.
• It warns that fruitless, unfaithful believers will be cut off and judged, encouraging perseverance and fruitfulness.

Bayanin Amsa

(a) The Mission of the Seventy (Luke 10:1-20)

After this the Lord appointed seventy (or seventy-two) others and sent them two by two ahead of Him into every town and place where He Himself was about to go. He told them, "The harvest is plentiful, but the labourers are few; pray therefore the Lord of the harvest to send out labourers into His harvest."

He sent them out with these instructions:

• They were going as lambs in the midst of wolves.
• They should carry no purse, no bag and no sandals, and greet no one on the road, so as not to be distracted or delayed.
• Whatever house they entered, they should first say, "Peace be to this house." If a son of peace was there, their peace would rest on him; if not, it would return to them.
• They should remain in the same house, eating and drinking what was provided, for the labourer deserves his wages, and not move from house to house.
• In any town that received them, they should eat what was set before them, heal the sick and say, "The kingdom of God has come near to you."
• In any town that rejected them, they should go into its streets, wipe off even its dust from their feet as a testimony against it, and declare that the kingdom of God had come near. He warned that it would be more tolerable for Sodom on the day of judgement than for that town, and pronounced woes on Chorazin, Bethsaida and Capernaum.
• He added, "He who hears you hears me, and he who rejects you rejects me, and he who rejects me rejects him who sent me."

The seventy returned with joy, saying, "Lord, even the demons are subject to us in your name!" Jesus told them He saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven, and that He had given them authority to tread on serpents and scorpions and over all the power of the enemy. Yet He told them not to rejoice that the spirits were subject to them, but rather to rejoice that their names were written in heaven.

(b) Two problems encountered by evangelists today

• Rejection, persecution, insults and hostility from those they preach to.
• Financial hardship, inadequate resources and lack of support for the work of the mission.

Bayanin Amsa

(a) Paul's arguments in defence of the Resurrection (1 Corinthians 15)

Answering those in Corinth who denied the resurrection of the dead, Paul argued as follows:

• He reminded them of the gospel he preached and which they had received: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, was buried, and was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures.
• He listed the witnesses of the risen Christ: He appeared to Cephas (Peter), then to the Twelve, then to more than five hundred brethren at once, most of whom were still alive, then to James, then to all the apostles, and last of all to Paul himself.
• He argued that if there is no resurrection of the dead, then Christ has not been raised; and if Christ has not been raised, then their preaching is in vain and their faith is in vain.
• Furthermore, the apostles would be found false witnesses of God, believers would still be in their sins, and those who had died in Christ would have perished.
• If Christians have hope in Christ for this life only, they are of all people most to be pitied.
• He declared triumphantly, "But in fact Christ has been raised from the dead, the first fruits of those who have fallen asleep." As in Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be made alive.
• He explained the nature of the resurrection body: it is sown perishable and raised imperishable, sown in dishonour and raised in glory, sown a natural body and raised a spiritual body.
• He proclaimed that death is swallowed up in victory: "O death, where is your victory? O death, where is your sting?" and gave thanks to God who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.

(b) Three ways the Resurrection is significant to believers

• It assures believers of victory over death and the hope of their own resurrection and eternal life.
• It confirms that Christ is truly the Son of God and that the Christian faith and preaching are not in vain.
• It guarantees the forgiveness of sins and gives believers courage, hope and motivation to labour faithfully for the Lord.

Bayanin Amsa

(a) Circumstances that led to the rejection of Saul as king (1 Samuel 13 and 15)

Saul was rejected by God on account of two major acts of disobedience:

The unlawful sacrifice at Gilgal (1 Samuel 13). Before a battle with the Philistines at Michmash, Samuel had told Saul to wait seven days for him to come and offer the sacrifices. When the appointed time passed and Samuel had not yet arrived, and Saul saw his soldiers scattering in fear, he grew impatient and himself offered the burnt offering, a duty reserved for the priest. As soon as he finished, Samuel arrived and rebuked him for acting foolishly and not keeping the commandment of the LORD. Samuel announced that because of this his kingdom would not continue, and that God had sought out a man after His own heart to be prince over the people.

The sparing of Agag and the best of the spoil (1 Samuel 15). God commanded Saul, through Samuel, to attack the Amalekites and utterly destroy them and all they had, sparing nothing, in punishment for what Amalek did to Israel on the way from Egypt. But Saul and the people spared Agag, king of the Amalekites, and kept the best of the sheep, oxen and other good things, destroying only what was worthless. When Samuel confronted him, Saul first claimed he had obeyed, then blamed the people, saying they kept the animals to sacrifice to God. Samuel replied that to obey is better than sacrifice, and to hearken than the fat of rams, and that rebellion is as the sin of divination. He declared, "Because you have rejected the word of the LORD, He has also rejected you from being king." Samuel then hewed Agag in pieces, and the LORD repented that He had made Saul king.

(b) Two consequences of Saul's rejection as king

• The kingdom was taken from him and given to David, and his dynasty could not continue.
• The Spirit of the LORD departed from him and an evil spirit tormented him, leading to jealousy, mental torment and eventual ruin.