Cell Structure
Aperçu
Everything a living thing does, it does with cells. A cheek cell, an oak leaf cell and a cell buried in the root of a daffodil are all built from the same short list of parts, arranged differently and used for different jobs. Learn that list properly and a great deal of the rest of biology stops being memory work and starts being reasoning.
In this lesson you will name the parts of animal and plant cells and say what each one does. You will see why a plant cell carries three extras that an animal cell does not, and why one of those three is missing from some plant cells and not others. Then you will practise the skill the examiners really want: looking at an unfamiliar cell, spotting what it has an unusual amount of, and working out what that cell must be for.
Objectifs
- Most animal cells (eukaryotic cells) have the following parts: a nucleus, which controls the activities of the cell ; cytoplasm, in which most of the chemical reactions take place; a cell membrane, which controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell; mitochondria, which is where most energy is released in respiration.
- In addition to the above, plant cells (eukaryotic cells) often have: chloroplasts, which absorb light energy to make food; a permanent vacuole filled with cell sap. Plant and algal cells also have a cell wall made of cellulose, which strengthens the cell.
- Cells may be specialised to carry out a particular function. Students should be able, when provided with appropriate information, to relate the structure of different types of cell to their function in a tissue, an organ, or the whole organism.
Carte mentale
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Note de cours
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Évaluation de la leçon
Félicitations, vous avez terminé la leçon sur Cell Structure. Maintenant que vous avez exploré le concepts et idées clés, il est temps de mettre vos connaissances à lépreuve. Cette section propose une variété de pratiques des questions conçues pour renforcer votre compréhension et vous aider à évaluer votre compréhension de la matière.
Vous rencontrerez un mélange de types de questions, y compris des questions à choix multiple, des questions à réponse courte et des questions de rédaction. Chaque question est soigneusement conçue pour évaluer différents aspects de vos connaissances et de vos compétences en pensée critique.
Utilisez cette section d'évaluation comme une occasion de renforcer votre compréhension du sujet et d'identifier les domaines où vous pourriez avoir besoin d'étudier davantage. Ne soyez pas découragé par les défis que vous rencontrez ; considérez-les plutôt comme des opportunités de croissance et d'amélioration.
- Which part of a cell controls the passage of substances into and out of it? A. The nucleus B. The cell wall C. The cell membrane D. The cytoplasm Answer: C
- Which structure is found in a plant cell but NOT in an animal cell? A. A permanent vacuole B. A nucleus C. A mitochondrion D. A cell membrane Answer: A
- What is the cell wall of a plant cell made of? A. Cell sap B. Cytoplasm C. Cellulose D. Starch Answer: C
- A cell taken from the root of a plant contains no chloroplasts. What is the best explanation? A. Root cells are not plant cells B. No light reaches the root C. Roots do not take in water D. Chloroplasts are found only in animal cells Answer: B
- A cell contains a very large number of mitochondria. What does this suggest? A. It stores a lot of water B. It releases a lot of energy by respiration C. It photosynthesises rapidly D. It has a very thick cell wall Answer: B
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