Heredity And Mendel's First Law

Aperçu

Why does a black bull crossed with a black cow sometimes throw a red calf. Why do two hornless goats occasionally produce a horned kid. The answer is not chance: it is heredity, the orderly passing of traits from parent to offspring, and it follows rules precise enough to predict on paper before a single mating takes place.

In this lesson you will learn the vocabulary breeders and examiners share: gene, allele, dominant, recessive, genotype and phenotype. You will then meet Mendel's first law, the law of segregation, and use it to solve monohybrid cross problems on real farm traits, coat colour and the polled condition, working out exactly what a planned mating is likely to produce.

Objectifs

  1. Define heredity
  2. State Mendel's first law of inheritance
  3. Explain the terms gene, allele, dominant and recessive
  4. Solve a simple monohybrid cross problem using Mendel's first law
  5. Explain the application of Mendel's first law to animal breeding

Note de cours

A herder in Sokoto mates a black bull with a black cow, and one calf is red. A goat farmer near Abeokuta mates two hornless does, and still gets a horned kid. Neither is unlucky: both outcomes are exactly what heredity predicts, and a breeder who understands the rule can say, before the mating, roughly how many of each type to expect.

Évaluation de la leçon

Félicitations, vous avez terminé la leçon sur Heredity And Mendel's First Law. Maintenant que vous avez exploré le concepts et idées clés, il est temps de mettre vos connaissances à lépreuve. Cette section propose une variété de pratiques des questions conçues pour renforcer votre compréhension et vous aider à évaluer votre compréhension de la matière.

Vous rencontrerez un mélange de types de questions, y compris des questions à choix multiple, des questions à réponse courte et des questions de rédaction. Chaque question est soigneusement conçue pour évaluer différents aspects de vos connaissances et de vos compétences en pensée critique.

Utilisez cette section d'évaluation comme une occasion de renforcer votre compréhension du sujet et d'identifier les domaines où vous pourriez avoir besoin d'étudier davantage. Ne soyez pas découragé par les défis que vous rencontrez ; considérez-les plutôt comme des opportunités de croissance et d'amélioration.

  1. In cattle, black coat colour (B) is dominant over red coat colour (b). What is the phenotype of an animal with genotype Bb? A. Red B. Black C. A mixture of red and black D. Cannot be determined Answer: B
  2. The actual pair of alleles an animal carries for a gene is called its: A. Phenotype B. Genotype C. Allele D. Chromosome Answer: B
  3. Mendel's first law states that: A. Genes for different traits assort independently B. The two alleles of a gene separate during gamete formation C. Dominant alleles always outnumber recessive alleles D. Offspring always resemble one parent exactly Answer: B
  4. Two heterozygous polled goats (Pp) are mated. What phenotype ratio is expected among the offspring? A. 1 polled : 1 horned B. 1 polled : 3 horned C. 3 polled : 1 horned D. All polled Answer: C
  5. An animal carrying two identical alleles for a gene, such as BB, is described as: A. Heterozygous B. Homozygous C. Recessive D. Hybrid Answer: B

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