Adaptations, Interdependence And Competition
Aperçu
Pick any patch of ground: a strip of sand dune, a puddle in a hot spring, the mud under a lily pad. Something already lives there, and whatever it is, it is holding that place against everything else that would like it. Living space is never handed out. It is won, held, and eventually lost, and the winners are the organisms whose bodies and habits happen to fit the conditions best.
This lesson is about that fit. You will sort out what plants and animals are actually competing over, and why two organisms that want the same thing cannot both have all of it. You will learn to split adaptations into the three groups the specification asks for: shape and structure, behaviour, and the chemistry going on inside. Then you will meet the specialists, from cacti and camels to the microorganisms that thrive in boiling, salty or crushing conditions. Along the way you will practise the skill this topic is really examined on: being handed a picture or a set of measurements for an organism you have never studied, and working out what each feature does for it.
Objectifs
- To survive and reproduce, organisms require a supply of materials from their surroundings and from the other living organisms there.
- Plants often compete with each other for light and space, and for water and nutrients from the soil.
- Animals often compete with each other for food, mates and territory.
- Organisms, including microorganisms, have features (adaptations) that enable them to survive in the conditions in which they normally live.
- Some organisms live in environments that are very extreme, containing high levels of salt, high temperatures or high pressures. These organisms are called extremophiles.
- Adaptations include: structural adaptations, eg the ways in which organisms are shaped, or coloured; behavioural adaptations, eg migration, huddling together; functional adaptations, related to processes such as reproduction and metabolism. Students given appropriate information should be able to suggest how animals and plants are adapted to their environment.
Carte mentale
Ce theme est schematise pour montrer comment les idees se relient.
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Note de cours
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Évaluation de la leçon
Félicitations, vous avez terminé la leçon sur Adaptations, Interdependence And Competition. Maintenant que vous avez exploré le concepts et idées clés, il est temps de mettre vos connaissances à lépreuve. Cette section propose une variété de pratiques des questions conçues pour renforcer votre compréhension et vous aider à évaluer votre compréhension de la matière.
Vous rencontrerez un mélange de types de questions, y compris des questions à choix multiple, des questions à réponse courte et des questions de rédaction. Chaque question est soigneusement conçue pour évaluer différents aspects de vos connaissances et de vos compétences en pensée critique.
Utilisez cette section d'évaluation comme une occasion de renforcer votre compréhension du sujet et d'identifier les domaines où vous pourriez avoir besoin d'étudier davantage. Ne soyez pas découragé par les défis que vous rencontrez ; considérez-les plutôt comme des opportunités de croissance et d'amélioration.
- Which of these is a behavioural adaptation? A. A thick layer of fat beneath the skin B. Migrating to a warmer region for winter C. Producing very concentrated urine D. White fur that matches snow Answer: B
- Which of these do plants NOT compete with each other for? A. Light B. Space C. Mineral ions from the soil D. Mates Answer: D
- Which conditions describe the environment of an extremophile? A. A high salt concentration, a high temperature or a high pressure B. Low light and moderate temperature C. Fast-flowing fresh water D. Deep, well-drained garden soil Answer: A
- A water plant has broad leaves that float on the surface of a pond. Which feature most helps a leaf to stay at the surface? A. Air spaces inside the leaf and its stalk B. A deep root growing into the mud C. A small, narrow leaf blade D. A high concentration of salt inside its cells Answer: A
- Producing small volumes of very concentrated urine in order to conserve water is best described as which type of adaptation? A. Structural B. Behavioural C. Functional D. Seasonal Answer: C
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