Section C: Physical Landscapes - Coastal Landscapes
Aperçu
Stand on a cliff top and nothing appears to be happening. Waves arrive, waves go back, and the rock looks permanent. It is not. A wave breaking against a cliff can generate pressures of tens of tonnes per square metre, and it does so several thousand times a day, every day, for centuries. The coastline you are standing on is a snapshot of a process that has not stopped and will not.
This lesson gives you the machinery to read any coast in an exam photograph. You will learn what makes a wave constructive or destructive, the four families of process that shape a shoreline, and how rock type and geological structure decide which landform appears where. You will build headlands, bays, caves, arches, stacks, beaches, spits and bars from those processes rather than memorising them as pictures. Then you will weigh the engineering that people use to hold the line, and follow one enormous scheme in the region from the reasons it was built to the conflicts it caused.
Objectifs
- The Middle and Far East have a range of diverse landscapes.
- The coast is shaped by a number of physical processes.
- Distinctive coastal landforms are the result of rock type, structure and physical processes.
- Different management strategies can be used to protect coastlines from the effects of physical processes.
- An overview of the location of major upland/lowland areas and river systems.
- Wave types and characteristics. Coastal processes:
- weathering processes - mechanical, chemical
- mass movement - sliding, slumping and rock falls
- erosion - hydraulic power, abrasion and attrition
- transportation - longshore drift
- deposition - why sediment is deposited in coastal areas.
- How geological structure and rock type influence coastal forms.
- Characteristics and formation of landforms resulting from erosion - headlands and bays, cliffs and wave cut platforms, caves, arches and stacks. Characteristics and formation of landforms resulting from deposition - beaches, sand dunes, spits and bars. Examples should be used from the region and integrated into the teaching of the content. The costs and benefits of the following management strategies:
- hard engineering - sea walls, rock armour, gabions and groynes
- soft engineering - beach nourishment and re-profiling, dune regeneration, mangroves
- managed retreat - coastal realignment.
- An example of a coastal management scheme in the region to show:
- the reasons for management
- the management strategy/strategies
- the resulting effects and conflicts.
Carte mentale
Ce theme est schematise pour montrer comment les idees se relient.
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Note de cours
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Évaluation de la leçon
Félicitations, vous avez terminé la leçon sur Section C: Physical Landscapes - Coastal Landscapes. Maintenant que vous avez exploré le concepts et idées clés, il est temps de mettre vos connaissances à lépreuve. Cette section propose une variété de pratiques des questions conçues pour renforcer votre compréhension et vous aider à évaluer votre compréhension de la matière.
Vous rencontrerez un mélange de types de questions, y compris des questions à choix multiple, des questions à réponse courte et des questions de rédaction. Chaque question est soigneusement conçue pour évaluer différents aspects de vos connaissances et de vos compétences en pensée critique.
Utilisez cette section d'évaluation comme une occasion de renforcer votre compréhension du sujet et d'identifier les domaines où vous pourriez avoir besoin d'étudier davantage. Ne soyez pas découragé par les défis que vous rencontrez ; considérez-les plutôt comme des opportunités de croissance et d'amélioration.
- Which process wears down sediment itself rather than the coastline? A. Hydraulic power B. Abrasion C. Attrition D. Solution Answer: C
- Which type of mass movement leaves stepped, back tilted terraces in a soft clay cliff? A. Rock fall B. Sliding C. Slumping D. Soil creep Answer: C
- Headlands and bays are most likely to form along which type of coast? A. A concordant coast B. A discordant coast C. A coast made of a single uniform rock D. A coast with no exposed rock Answer: B
- Which of the following is soft engineering? A. Rock armour B. Gabions C. Beach nourishment D. A curved sea wall Answer: C
- What is the main disadvantage of building groynes? A. They reflect wave energy and scour the beach in front of them B. They starve the coast downdrift of sediment C. Their wire cages corrode within a few decades D. They can only be built on tropical coasts Answer: B
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