Solids, Liquids And Gases
Aperçu
Put an ice cube on a warm plate and you watch a solid with a fixed shape turn into a liquid that flows into every dent in the china, and then into a gas you cannot see at all. Nothing has been added and nothing has been taken away. The same water particles are there at the end as at the start. All that has changed is how closely those particles are held and how freely they can move.
This lesson gives you the model chemists use to explain that, and then makes you use it. You will describe how particles sit and travel in each of the three states, name every one of the changes between them, work out why a thermometer stops climbing halfway through melting even though the flame is still on, explain what creates the pressure inside a sealed container of gas, and read the evidence that particles are real and moving from three diffusion experiments you can watch happen on a bench.
Objectifs
- Matter can be classified in terms of the three states of matter. Students should be familiar with states of matter and be able to name each inter-conversion process. They should be able to describe and explain their inter-conversion in terms of how the particles are arranged and their movement. They should understand the energy changes that accompany changes of state.
- Evidence for the existence of particles can be obtained from simple experiments. Students should be familiar with simple diffusion experiments such as Br2/air, NH3/HCl, KMnO4/water.
Carte mentale
Ce theme est schematise pour montrer comment les idees se relient.
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Note de cours
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Évaluation de la leçon
Félicitations, vous avez terminé la leçon sur Solids, Liquids And Gases. Maintenant que vous avez exploré le concepts et idées clés, il est temps de mettre vos connaissances à lépreuve. Cette section propose une variété de pratiques des questions conçues pour renforcer votre compréhension et vous aider à évaluer votre compréhension de la matière.
Vous rencontrerez un mélange de types de questions, y compris des questions à choix multiple, des questions à réponse courte et des questions de rédaction. Chaque question est soigneusement conçue pour évaluer différents aspects de vos connaissances et de vos compétences en pensée critique.
Utilisez cette section d'évaluation comme une occasion de renforcer votre compréhension du sujet et d'identifier les domaines où vous pourriez avoir besoin d'étudier davantage. Ne soyez pas découragé par les défis que vous rencontrez ; considérez-les plutôt comme des opportunités de croissance et d'amélioration.
- Which description matches the particles in a liquid? A. Held in a fixed regular pattern and able only to vibrate B. Close together but disordered, sliding past one another C. Far apart and moving rapidly and randomly in all directions D. Far apart and held in a fixed regular pattern Answer: B
- Which process changes a solid directly into a gas without a liquid forming? A. Condensation B. Evaporation C. Sublimation D. Freezing Answer: C
- A pure solid is heated steadily. Why does its temperature stay constant while it is melting? A. No energy is being supplied during that time B. The energy supplied is used to overcome the forces of attraction between particles C. The particles stop moving completely while melting D. The thermometer responds too slowly to record the change Answer: B
- In the ammonia and hydrogen chloride experiment, the white ring forms nearer the hydrochloric acid end of the tube. Why? A. Ammonia particles have a greater relative molecular mass B. Hydrogen chloride is denser than the air in the tube C. Ammonia particles have a smaller relative molecular mass and so diffuse faster D. Hydrogen chloride is released more slowly from the cotton wool Answer: C
- A gas is sealed in a rigid container and then warmed. Why does its pressure increase? A. The individual gas particles become larger B. The particles strike the walls more often and with greater force C. The number of gas particles in the container increases D. The container contracts as it is warmed Answer: B
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