Animal Husbandry WAEC

Prevention And Control Of Parasites

Aperçu

Every farm animal will meet parasites: worms in the gut, ticks on the skin, flukes in the liver. The farmer who waits for signs of infestation before acting has already lost weight, milk and sometimes an animal. The farmer who plans ahead, and who still knows how to act firmly once an infestation appears, keeps a healthy, productive herd or flock all year round.

In this lesson you will learn the difference between prevention, the everyday management that keeps parasites out or keeps their numbers low, and control, the direct action taken once an infestation is already present. You will meet the specific methods WAEC expects for each, learn how drugs are used correctly in parasite control, and see why the best farms treat prevention and control not as separate jobs but as one continuous cycle of watching, acting and reviewing.

Objectifs

  1. State the methods of preventing parasitic infestation in farm animals
  2. State the methods of controlling parasites in farm animals
  3. Explain the use of drugs in parasite control
  4. Explain the role of good management in parasite prevention
  5. Distinguish between prevention and control of parasites

Carte mentale

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Cartes memoire

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Note de cours

A herder near Sokoto notices his cattle scratching against fence posts and losing condition despite good grazing. By the time he calls a veterinary officer, the animals are carrying a heavy tick burden and several are anaemic. A neighbouring herd, inspected weekly and dipped on schedule, shows none of this. The difference between the two herds is not luck. It is whether prevention and control were practised as routine management or ignored until the damage was visible.

Évaluation de la leçon

Félicitations, vous avez terminé la leçon sur Prevention And Control Of Parasites. Maintenant que vous avez exploré le concepts et idées clés, il est temps de mettre vos connaissances à lépreuve. Cette section propose une variété de pratiques des questions conçues pour renforcer votre compréhension et vous aider à évaluer votre compréhension de la matière.

Vous rencontrerez un mélange de types de questions, y compris des questions à choix multiple, des questions à réponse courte et des questions de rédaction. Chaque question est soigneusement conçue pour évaluer différents aspects de vos connaissances et de vos compétences en pensée critique.

Utilisez cette section d'évaluation comme une occasion de renforcer votre compréhension du sujet et d'identifier les domaines où vous pourriez avoir besoin d'étudier davantage. Ne soyez pas découragé par les défis que vous rencontrez ; considérez-les plutôt comme des opportunités de croissance et d'amélioration.

  1. Which of the following is a method of preventing parasitic infestation rather than controlling it? A. Dosing with an anthelmintic B. Dipping in an acaricide C. Rotating animals between rested paddocks D. Culling a heavily infested animal Answer: C
  2. A drug used to kill internal worms in farm animals is called a/an: A. Acaricide B. Anthelmintic C. Antibiotic D. Vaccine Answer: B
  3. Ticks on cattle are best controlled by: A. An anthelmintic given orally B. An acaricide applied as a dip or spray C. Pasture rotation alone D. Improved nutrition alone Answer: B
  4. Draining a waterlogged paddock helps prevent liver fluke mainly because it: A. Kills adult flukes directly B. Removes the wet habitat needed by the snail host C. Increases the animal's appetite D. Reduces the cost of feed Answer: B
  5. Culling an infested animal is generally recommended when: A. The animal shows the first mild sign of infestation B. Correct treatment has failed and the animal remains severely affected C. The farmer wants to reduce herd size for any reason D. A new animal has just been bought Answer: B

Livres recommandés

Introduction to Animal Science: Global, Biological, Social and Industry Perspectives
Introduction to Animal Science: Global, Biological, Social and Industry Perspectives
Sous-titre: Sixth edition
Éditeur: Pearson
Année: 2017
ISBN: 978-0-13-443605-0
Description: A comprehensive introduction to animal science covering anatomy and physiology, nutrition, genetics, reproduction, animal health and the major farm animal species and their production systems.
Small-scale Poultry Production: Technical Guide
Small-scale Poultry Production: Technical Guide
Éditeur: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Année: 2004
ISBN: 978-92-5-105082-8
Description: An FAO Animal Production and Health Paper written by a Nigerian animal scientist, covering breeds, housing, feeding, incubation, disease control and marketing for small-scale poultry keepers in developing countries.
Tropical Animal Feeding: A Manual for Research Workers
Tropical Animal Feeding: A Manual for Research Workers
Éditeur: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Année: 1995
ISBN: 978-92-5-103758-4
Description: An FAO Animal Production and Health Paper on the principles of ruminant and non-ruminant nutrition and the practical use of tropical feed resources, including crop residues and by-products, in sustainable livestock systems.

Questions de révision

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WAEC SSCE - Animal Husbandry - 2021

Question 1 Rapport

(a)i) Explain the term brooding as used in animal husbandry.

(ii) State four routine activities which are carried out in a brooder house.

(b) State four effects of parasites in livestock production.

(c) Mention four ways of controlling liver fluke in sheep production.

(d) Define the term artificial insemination as used in animal production.

(ii) State four advantages of artificial insemination in cattle production.

Détails de la réponse

(a)(i) Meaning of brooding

Brooding is the rearing and care of young chicks under artificial heat/warmth from day-old until about six to eight weeks of age, when they are able to regulate their own body temperature and no longer need extra heat.

(a)(ii) Four routine activities carried out in a brooder house

  • Providing and regulating artificial heat for the chicks.
  • Supplying clean feed and water.
  • Cleaning the house and replacing wet/dirty litter.
  • Vaccinating/medicating the chicks and removing dead or sick ones.

(b) Four effects of parasites in livestock production

  • They reduce productivity (lower weight gain, milk and egg yield).
  • They cause or transmit diseases.
  • They cause anaemia through blood sucking and damage tissues/organs.
  • They cause emaciation and may lead to the death of the animal.

(c) Four ways of controlling liver fluke in sheep production

  • Drain marshy/waterlogged grazing land.
  • Control the snail intermediate host using molluscicides.
  • Drench the sheep with anthelmintics/flukicides.
  • Practise rotational grazing and avoid grazing wet pasture in the early morning or late evening.

(d)(i) Definition of artificial insemination

Artificial insemination (A.I.) is the mechanical introduction of semen collected from a selected male into the reproductive tract of a female animal without natural mating.

(d)(ii) Four advantages of artificial insemination in cattle production

  • It allows a single superior bull to serve many cows.
  • It prevents the spread of breeding/venereal diseases.
  • Semen can be stored and transported over long distances.
  • It reduces the cost of keeping many bulls and overcomes size differences between animals.
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