Hardware And Software
Aperçu
Open up any computer, phone or games console and you will find two very different worlds working as one. There are the parts you can hold in your hand, the chips, boards and cables, and there are the invisible instructions that bring those parts to life. We call the physical parts hardware and the instructions software. A keyboard sitting on a desk does nothing on its own; it only becomes useful once software tells the computer what to do with every key you press.
In this lesson you will learn exactly what counts as hardware and what counts as software, and how each splits into two families: internal and external hardware, applications and system software. You will also meet the difference between analogue and digital data and see why a computer must convert one into the other before it can sense the real world or control a machine. Get these foundations right and every later ICT topic becomes far easier to follow.
Objectifs
- Hardware.
- Hardware consists of the physical components of a computer system Internal components including Central Processing Unit (CPU), processor, motherboard Internal memory including random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM) Hardware components including graphics card, sound card, Network Interface Card (NIC), camera, internal/external storage devices, input and output devices.
- Software.
- Software are programs for controlling the operation of a computer or processing of electronic data Applications software provides the services that the user requires to solve a task Examples of applications software including word processing, spreadsheet, database management systems, control, measurement, applets and apps, video editing, graphics editing, audio editing, computer aided design (CAD) System software provides the services that the computer requires to operate Examples of system software including compilers, linkers, device drivers, operating systems and utilities.
- Analogue and digital data.
- Characteristics of analogue and digital data Differences between analogue and digital data The need to convert: • analogue to digital data so it can be processed by a computer • digital data to analogue data so it can be used to control devices.
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Note de cours
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Évaluation de la leçon
Félicitations, vous avez terminé la leçon sur Hardware And Software. Maintenant que vous avez exploré le concepts et idées clés, il est temps de mettre vos connaissances à lépreuve. Cette section propose une variété de pratiques des questions conçues pour renforcer votre compréhension et vous aider à évaluer votre compréhension de la matière.
Vous rencontrerez un mélange de types de questions, y compris des questions à choix multiple, des questions à réponse courte et des questions de rédaction. Chaque question est soigneusement conçue pour évaluer différents aspects de vos connaissances et de vos compétences en pensée critique.
Utilisez cette section d'évaluation comme une occasion de renforcer votre compréhension du sujet et d'identifier les domaines où vous pourriez avoir besoin d'étudier davantage. Ne soyez pas découragé par les défis que vous rencontrez ; considérez-les plutôt comme des opportunités de croissance et d'amélioration.
- Which of the following is an example of system software? A. Spreadsheet B. Word processor C. Operating system D. Video editor Answer: C
- Which list contains only internal hardware? A. CPU, RAM, motherboard B. Keyboard, mouse, monitor C. Printer, scanner, RAM D. CPU, monitor, ROM Answer: A
- A computer must process a smoothly changing temperature reading. Which device is needed first? A. Digital to analogue converter B. Analogue to digital converter C. Network interface card D. Graphics card Answer: B
- Which of these is applications software? A. Device driver B. Compiler C. Computer-aided design (CAD) D. Linker Answer: C
- Why can a computer not process analogue data directly? A. It is too large B. It is encrypted C. A computer only understands binary digital data D. It is non-volatile Answer: C
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Livres recommandés
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Section de manuel
Computer Systems Organization
"Introduction to Computer Science: Computer Systems Organization" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/5-1-computer-systems-organization. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/1-introduction
Publiées par d'autres organisations sous licence libre, créditées comme elles le demandent. Les liens ouvrent leurs sites.
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