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Question 1 Rapport
a) Mention five characteristics considered during selection of livestock for breeding.
b) State five characteristics of a Zebu cattle.
c) State five functions of water in farm animals.
d) List five nutritional disorders in farm animals
(a) Characteristics considered during selection of livestock for breeding;
(b) Characteristics of Zebu cattle;
(c) Functions of water in farm animals;
(d) Nutritional disorders in farm animals;
Détails de la réponse
(a) Characteristics considered during selection of livestock for breeding;
(b) Characteristics of Zebu cattle;
(c) Functions of water in farm animals;
(d) Nutritional disorders in farm animals;
Question 2 Rapport
(a) A ewe was serviced on May 1, 2014. Determine the expected date of lambing of the ewe
(b) Define Animal Husbandry
(a) Determination of expected date of lambing of the ewe
Gestation period for ewe = 140 – 150 days
Duration of gestation
May = 31 days
June = 30 days
July = 31 days
August = 31 days
September= 17 – 27 days
Lambing date = September 22+5 days
(b) Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fibre, milk, eggs, or other products. It includes day-to-day care, selective breeding and the raising of livestock. It can also be defined as the science of breeding and caring for farm animals.
Détails de la réponse
(a) Determination of expected date of lambing of the ewe
Gestation period for ewe = 140 – 150 days
Duration of gestation
May = 31 days
June = 30 days
July = 31 days
August = 31 days
September= 17 – 27 days
Lambing date = September 22+5 days
(b) Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fibre, milk, eggs, or other products. It includes day-to-day care, selective breeding and the raising of livestock. It can also be defined as the science of breeding and caring for farm animals.
Question 3 Rapport
(a) Explain each of the following terms as used in animal husbandry:
(i) coprophagy: (ii) rumination (iii) candling (iv) tethering.
(b) List four local materials which could be used for constructing a goat house.
(c)(i) Name the three members of the honey bee colony. (ii) State five ways in which honey beekeeping is important.
(a) Explanation of Terms:
(i) Coprophagy: Process by which rabbits/animals reingest their soft feaces to recover lost nutrients. It helps the animals to utilize nutrients more efficiently. It is done in the early hours of the day.
(ii) Rumination: It is a process in which swallowed feed is regurgitated, rechewed, resalivated, and reswallowed by ruminants. It ensures that fibrous materials are reduced to smaller sizes for proper digestion. -It is done when the animal's at rest.
(iii) Candling: This is the process by which presumed fertile eggs are placed on a device called candler with a light source below in a dark room to detect the fertility of the egg. - It is done on the 9th and 19th day of incubation/ 14 days.
(iv) Tethering: This is a method of restraining in which an animal is tied to a stake using rope so that the animals' movement is restricted around the radius of the rope. it helps to prevent animals from destroying crop farms.
(b) Local Materials used for Constructing Goat House:
(c)(i) Members of Honey Bee Colony:
(ii) Importance of Honey bee Keeping:
Détails de la réponse
(a) Explanation of Terms:
(i) Coprophagy: Process by which rabbits/animals reingest their soft feaces to recover lost nutrients. It helps the animals to utilize nutrients more efficiently. It is done in the early hours of the day.
(ii) Rumination: It is a process in which swallowed feed is regurgitated, rechewed, resalivated, and reswallowed by ruminants. It ensures that fibrous materials are reduced to smaller sizes for proper digestion. -It is done when the animal's at rest.
(iii) Candling: This is the process by which presumed fertile eggs are placed on a device called candler with a light source below in a dark room to detect the fertility of the egg. - It is done on the 9th and 19th day of incubation/ 14 days.
(iv) Tethering: This is a method of restraining in which an animal is tied to a stake using rope so that the animals' movement is restricted around the radius of the rope. it helps to prevent animals from destroying crop farms.
(b) Local Materials used for Constructing Goat House:
(c)(i) Members of Honey Bee Colony:
(ii) Importance of Honey bee Keeping:
Question 4 Rapport
(a)i) Explain the term brooding as used in animal husbandry.
(ii) State four routine activities which are carried out in a brooder house.
(b) State four effects of parasites in livestock production.
(c) Mention four ways of controlling liver fluke in sheep production.
(d) Define the term artificial insemination as used in animal production.
(ii) State four advantages of artificial insemination in cattle production.
(a)i) Explanation of brooding as used in animal husbandry: lt is the provision of heat, feed, water medication, and protection for chicks/piglets in confinement from day old until they develop enough feathers/hairs.
(ii) Routine activities that are carried out in a brooder house:
- Provision of balanced diet/feed
- Provision of fresh and clean water.
- Provision of heat to chicks.
- Cleaning and washing of Water through.
- Removal and placement of litter.
- Vaccination/Medication.
- Culling of unproductive birds
- Separation of weak/injured birds from healthy flock.
- Ensure proper lighting especially at night
- Debeaking of birds at 6-8 weeks.
- Checking of inlet and outlet of pests
- Adjusting the hoover to make the chicks warm.
- Increasing the chick guard to make provision for growing chicks
- Ensure adequate ventilation
(b) Effects of parasite in livestock production:
- Cause diseases to animals vectors.
- Cause decline/decrease in productivity.
- Reduce the value of animal products/unattractive/market value
- Cause extra cost to farmer/reduce profit margin/reduced income.
- Cause stunted growth of animals/retarded growth.
- Cause anorexia/ loss of appetite.
- May cause the death of animals/coma.
- Block passage of food digestive tract.
- Cause restlessness.
- Loss of blood/causes anaemia
- Poor utilization of feed.
- Cause injury to animals.
- Farmers can be infested with the parasite.
(c) Ways of controlling liver fluke in sheep production:
- Destroy freshwater snails.
- Avoid grazing animals by riverside/Swampy area/water-logged areas.
- Proper drainage of water bodies.
- Deworm/drench animals with recommended drugs.
- Avoid wet pasture/early morning grazing.
- Practice rotational grazing/pasture management.
- Practice liming of pasture.
- Introduce ducks to swampy pasture/biological control
- Pasture rangeland burning.
(d)i. Definition of artificial insemination as used in animal production: It is the process by which sperm/semen is introduced in the female reproductive system of an animal on neat by means other than the use of natural mating
(ii) Advantages of artificial insemination:
- Use of Semen of proven bull to cross a wide range of cows
- Reduces the transfer of sexually transmitted diseases.
- Enables the use of semen of lame, but fertile proven male
- Semen held in cold storage can be used for many years.
- Semen can be transported worldwide.
- lt prevents the use of oversized males
- Allows farmers to plan/synchronize parturition of cows.
Détails de la réponse
(a)i) Explanation of brooding as used in animal husbandry: lt is the provision of heat, feed, water medication, and protection for chicks/piglets in confinement from day old until they develop enough feathers/hairs.
(ii) Routine activities that are carried out in a brooder house:
- Provision of balanced diet/feed
- Provision of fresh and clean water.
- Provision of heat to chicks.
- Cleaning and washing of Water through.
- Removal and placement of litter.
- Vaccination/Medication.
- Culling of unproductive birds
- Separation of weak/injured birds from healthy flock.
- Ensure proper lighting especially at night
- Debeaking of birds at 6-8 weeks.
- Checking of inlet and outlet of pests
- Adjusting the hoover to make the chicks warm.
- Increasing the chick guard to make provision for growing chicks
- Ensure adequate ventilation
(b) Effects of parasite in livestock production:
- Cause diseases to animals vectors.
- Cause decline/decrease in productivity.
- Reduce the value of animal products/unattractive/market value
- Cause extra cost to farmer/reduce profit margin/reduced income.
- Cause stunted growth of animals/retarded growth.
- Cause anorexia/ loss of appetite.
- May cause the death of animals/coma.
- Block passage of food digestive tract.
- Cause restlessness.
- Loss of blood/causes anaemia
- Poor utilization of feed.
- Cause injury to animals.
- Farmers can be infested with the parasite.
(c) Ways of controlling liver fluke in sheep production:
- Destroy freshwater snails.
- Avoid grazing animals by riverside/Swampy area/water-logged areas.
- Proper drainage of water bodies.
- Deworm/drench animals with recommended drugs.
- Avoid wet pasture/early morning grazing.
- Practice rotational grazing/pasture management.
- Practice liming of pasture.
- Introduce ducks to swampy pasture/biological control
- Pasture rangeland burning.
(d)i. Definition of artificial insemination as used in animal production: It is the process by which sperm/semen is introduced in the female reproductive system of an animal on neat by means other than the use of natural mating
(ii) Advantages of artificial insemination:
- Use of Semen of proven bull to cross a wide range of cows
- Reduces the transfer of sexually transmitted diseases.
- Enables the use of semen of lame, but fertile proven male
- Semen held in cold storage can be used for many years.
- Semen can be transported worldwide.
- lt prevents the use of oversized males
- Allows farmers to plan/synchronize parturition of cows.
Question 5 Rapport
(a) Explain each of the following mating methods in farm animals: (i) hand mating (ii) pen mating (iii) pasture mating.
(b)(i) Mention two advantages of each of the mating methods explained in (a).
(ii) Mention two disadvantages of each of the mating methods explained in (a).
(c) Mention two methods of collecting semen from a bull.
(a) Explanation of Mating Methods in Farm Animal:
(i) Hand mating - It is a mating method in which the farmer identifies the female on heat and bring it together with the male for mating.
(ii) Pen mating - In this method. a group of male and female animals are kept together in an acceptable ratio for mating in the same pen/ enclosure.
(iii) Pasture mating - This is a mating method in which male and female animals are allowed to run together and mate freely/female animals on heat are mated by any of the males in the group.
(b)i) Advantages of Mating Methods:
(1) Hand mating:
(2) Pen mating:
(3) Pasture mating:
(ii) Disadvantages of Mating Methods:
(1) Hand mating:
(2) Pen mating:
(3) Pasture mating:
(c) Methods of Semen Collection from Bull:
Détails de la réponse
(a) Explanation of Mating Methods in Farm Animal:
(i) Hand mating - It is a mating method in which the farmer identifies the female on heat and bring it together with the male for mating.
(ii) Pen mating - In this method. a group of male and female animals are kept together in an acceptable ratio for mating in the same pen/ enclosure.
(iii) Pasture mating - This is a mating method in which male and female animals are allowed to run together and mate freely/female animals on heat are mated by any of the males in the group.
(b)i) Advantages of Mating Methods:
(1) Hand mating:
(2) Pen mating:
(3) Pasture mating:
(ii) Disadvantages of Mating Methods:
(1) Hand mating:
(2) Pen mating:
(3) Pasture mating:
(c) Methods of Semen Collection from Bull:
Question 6 Rapport
(a) Explain each of the following terms as used in animal production: (i) flushing: (i) dystocia: (iii) parturition.
(b) State five ways in which fencing is important in livestock production.
(c) Mention five ways in which rearing of rabbits is important.
(d) List four disadvantages of deep litter system in poultry production.
(a) Explanation of Terms:
(i) Flushing: -It is the act of giving extra nutritious feed to female animals (mostly pigs and small ruminants) before mating to enhance the release of more ova/to enhance multiple births.
(ii) Dystocia: - It is referred to as abnormal or difficult birth in farm animals occasioned by mal-presentation and abnormal positioning of foetus in the uterus. -It can also be caused by small pelvis of dam, large foetus, foetal abnormalities and uterine and vaginal rupture.
(iii) Parturition: -The act of giving birth in livestock which is influenced by hormones.
(b) Importance of Fencing in Livestock Production:
(c) Importance of Rearing Rabbits:
(d) Disadvantages of Deep
Détails de la réponse
(a) Explanation of Terms:
(i) Flushing: -It is the act of giving extra nutritious feed to female animals (mostly pigs and small ruminants) before mating to enhance the release of more ova/to enhance multiple births.
(ii) Dystocia: - It is referred to as abnormal or difficult birth in farm animals occasioned by mal-presentation and abnormal positioning of foetus in the uterus. -It can also be caused by small pelvis of dam, large foetus, foetal abnormalities and uterine and vaginal rupture.
(iii) Parturition: -The act of giving birth in livestock which is influenced by hormones.
(b) Importance of Fencing in Livestock Production:
(c) Importance of Rearing Rabbits:
(d) Disadvantages of Deep
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