WAEC SSCE - Christian Religious Studies - 2016

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The discovery of pomegranates and figs at Eschol gave the spies sent by Moses hope. The spies were sent to explore the land of Canaan and to report back on its inhabitants and resources. When they reached the Valley of Eschol, they found a cluster of grapes so large that it took two men to carry it. They also found pomegranates and figs. This was evidence that the land was indeed fertile and abundant, just as God had promised. This discovery gave the spies hope that the land of Canaan would indeed be a land flowing with milk and honey, and that the Israelites would be able to settle there and thrive. However, despite this encouraging sign, some of the spies still brought back a negative report, causing the people to lose hope and rebel against Moses and Aaron.

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After the devil finished tempting Jesus, the angels came and ministered to Him. In the Gospel of Matthew, it is written that after Jesus had fasted for forty days and was tempted by the devil, the devil left Him. At that moment, angels came and ministered to Him. This means that the angels attended to His needs and took care of Him. The fact that the angels came to minister to Jesus shows that He had passed the test of temptation and that God was pleased with Him. This event also reminds us that even in our times of struggle and temptation, God is always with us and will send His angels to minister to us and give us strength.

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Solomon's treaty with Hiram, King of Tyre was primarily meant to help build the temple of God in Jerusalem. Hiram, who was a skilled craftsman and had a strong navy, provided Solomon with materials and expertise needed to construct the temple. Additionally, the treaty allowed for the establishment of trade links between Israel and Tyre, which helped to boost the economy of both nations. The two kings exchanged resources and goods, with Hiram providing Solomon with timber from Lebanon and Solomon sending him wheat and oil in return. The treaty also enabled Solomon to build a fleet of ships that sailed to far-off lands like Ophir, bringing back gold, precious stones, and exotic animals to Israel. While the treaty did provide some protection for Israel when at war, its primary purpose was to facilitate the construction of the temple and establish trade links between the two nations. Therefore, Solomon's treaty with Hiram was meant to help build the temple, establish trade links, and facilitate economic growth, with a secondary benefit of providing some protection to Israel during times of conflict.

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The people of Lydda and Sharon turned to the Lord when Peter healed Aeneas. In the book of Acts, chapter 9, we read that Peter was in Lydda when he met a man named Aeneas who had been paralyzed and bedridden for eight years. Peter said to him, "Jesus Christ heals you. Get up and roll up your mat." Immediately, Aeneas got up and was healed. As a result of this miracle, the people of Lydda and Sharon who heard about it turned to the Lord and many believed in Jesus Christ.

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Hilkiah witnessed the reforms of Josiah. Hilkiah was the high priest during the reign of King Josiah in the Old Testament of the Bible. When the Book of the Law was rediscovered in the temple during Josiah's reign, it was Hilkiah who brought it to the attention of the king and read it to him. This discovery led to a series of religious reforms and a return to the worship of Yahweh in Judah. Josiah ordered the repair of the temple, the removal of idols and other forms of worship that were not in line with the law, and the observance of the Passover. Hilkiah played an important role in these reforms and was a key figure in returning the people of Judah to their religious roots.

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To Amos, Israel's expectation of the Day of the Lord would be a day of punishment. Amos, one of the twelve minor prophets in the Hebrew Bible, warned the Israelites about their social injustice and religious hypocrisy. He prophesied that God would punish them for their sins, and the Day of the Lord would be a day of reckoning for their wrongdoing. The people of Israel had been eagerly anticipating the Day of the Lord, but Amos warned them that it would not be a day of joy and celebration but a day of punishment and judgment. Therefore, Amos called for repentance and urged the people to turn away from their sinful ways and seek forgiveness from God.

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According to James, prayers could be answered if Christians pray with trust and humility. In the book of James, it is written that if anyone lacks wisdom, they should ask God, who gives generously to all without finding fault, and it will be given to them. However, they must believe and not doubt, because the one who doubts is like a wave of the sea, blown and tossed by the wind. James emphasizes that prayers must be made with a trusting and humble heart, not with aggression or force. Christians must have faith that God will answer their prayers, but they must also approach Him with humility and acknowledge that He is in control. By praying with trust and humility, Christians can strengthen their relationship with God and experience the power of prayer in their lives.

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Peter expected elders of the church to lead their flock selflessly. This means that he expected them to serve their congregation without seeking personal gain or recognition. They were to be humble, caring, and compassionate in their leadership role, always putting the needs of their followers first. Peter believed that such leadership would result in a thriving and spiritually mature church community.

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Peter expected elders of the church to lead their flock selflessly. This means that Peter believed that elders should not lead for personal gain or power, but rather should lead with humility and service to the community. In 1 Peter 5:2, he writes, "Be shepherds of God’s flock that is under your care, watching over them—not because you must, but because you are willing, as God wants you to be; not pursuing dishonest gain, but eager to serve." Peter believed that elders should lead by example and be willing to sacrifice their own desires for the good of the community they serve. They should not lead in a bossy or authoritarian way, but rather with compassion and care for their flock.

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The prophet whose occupation was the dressing of sycamore trees was Amos. Amos was a shepherd and a dresser of sycamore trees, and he was called by God to be a prophet to the northern kingdom of Israel during the reigns of Uzziah and Jeroboam II. Despite his humble background, Amos delivered a message of judgment and warning to the people of Israel, calling them to repentance and righteousness. He denounced their worship of false gods, their oppression of the poor, and their dishonesty and corruption, and he warned them of the coming judgment of God. Amos's message was powerful and challenging, and it serves as a reminder that God can use anyone, regardless of their background or occupation, to deliver His message to the world.

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The problem of discrimination in the Early Church was solved by the appointment of deacons. In the book of Acts, we see that there was a dispute between the Greek-speaking Jews and the Hebrew-speaking Jews in the early church. The Greek-speaking widows were being neglected in the daily distribution of food. The apostles recognized the problem and appointed seven men as deacons to ensure that everyone was being served fairly. The deacons were responsible for overseeing the distribution of food and taking care of the needs of the people. By appointing deacons, the apostles were able to solve the problem of discrimination and ensure that everyone in the church was being treated fairly. This solution also allowed the apostles to focus on preaching and teaching the word of God.

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To Hosea, Yahweh was a God of love and mercy. This means that Hosea believed that God was compassionate and forgiving, even when his people sinned against him. Hosea believed that God's love for his people was unconditional and that he would always forgive them if they repented and turned back to him. This idea of a loving and merciful God is a central theme in Hosea's book, and it reflects his belief in God's grace and compassion towards his people, despite their waywardness and disobedience.

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The question, "Why did you go to uncircumcised men and eat with them?" was put to Peter in Joppa. In the book of Acts, Peter had a vision from God that instructed him to eat unclean animals. This vision was meant to show Peter that God had declared all people clean, regardless of their ethnicity or cultural practices. Shortly after, Peter was summoned by a Roman centurion named Cornelius, who had also received a vision from God. Cornelius was a Gentile, and it was against Jewish customs for Peter to associate with Gentiles, let alone eat with them. Despite his reservations, Peter accepted Cornelius' invitation and went to his home in Caesarea. There, Peter preached the Gospel to Cornelius and his household, and they all received the Holy Spirit. This event marked a significant turning point in the spread of Christianity, as it showed that the Gospel was meant for all people, not just Jews. Later, when Peter returned to Jerusalem, some Jewish believers questioned why he had gone to the home of Gentiles and eaten with them. They did not understand that God had declared all people clean, and that salvation was not limited to the Jewish people. Therefore, the question "Why did you go to uncircumcised men and eat with them?" was put to Peter in Joppa, and it highlighted the cultural and religious barriers that Peter had to overcome to fulfill God's plan for spreading the Gospel to all people.

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Pharaoh's fear for the growth and might of Israel made him afflict the Israelites with heavy burden. Pharaoh saw that the Israelites were multiplying rapidly and becoming strong, and he became afraid that they would become too powerful and rebel against Egypt. To prevent this, he ordered the Israelites to be oppressed with hard labor and to be made to do difficult and unpleasant tasks, such as making bricks. This was a way to weaken and subjugate the Israelites, and to prevent them from becoming a threat to Pharaoh's power.

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Simon of Cyrene was the man who was compelled to carry the cross of Jesus. According to the Bible, as Jesus was being led to his crucifixion, the Roman soldiers forced Simon of Cyrene, who was passing by, to carry the cross for Jesus. This is mentioned in the gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke.

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According to the teachings of Peter, Christians should use their freedom to perform good deeds. This means that as believers in Christ, we are free from the bondage of sin and are called to use our freedom to serve others, love our neighbors, and follow the example of Christ in our actions. We should not use our freedom as an excuse to sin or to harm others, but rather, we should use it to do good and bring glory to God. By doing so, we will reflect the love and grace of Christ to the world around us.

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The people of Lydda and Sharon turned to Peter when he performed a miraculous healing of a paralyzed man named Aeneas.

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Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve disciples of Jesus, betrayed him for thirty pieces of silver. After this betrayal, he felt guilty and returned the money to the chief priests and elders, then he went and hanged himself. According to the Bible, the field in which Judas Iscariot was buried was known as "Akeldama," which means "Field of Blood." This name was given to the field because it was purchased with the money that Judas received for betraying Jesus, which was considered "blood money." The location of Akeldama is uncertain, but it is believed to be a field outside the walls of Jerusalem, in the Valley of Hinnom. This area was used as a burial ground for foreigners and strangers, as it was considered a cursed place due to its association with child sacrifice in ancient times. In summary, Judas Iscariot was buried in a field known as Akeldama, which was purchased with the money he received for betraying Jesus. The location of Akeldama is believed to be a cursed burial ground outside the walls of Jerusalem.

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According to James, Abraham's agreement to sacrifice Isaac was justified by his faith. This means that Abraham's action was not based on reason or evidence, but on his strong belief in God's will and his trust in God's plan. James argues that Abraham's faith allowed him to act in a way that was consistent with his beliefs and values, even though it may have seemed irrational or immoral to others. In other words, James is saying that faith can justify actions that would otherwise be seen as wrong or unjustifiable.

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The resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead was meant to show his victory over death. Jesus' death on the cross was a sacrifice for the sins of humanity, and his resurrection three days later demonstrated his power over death and the defeat of sin and the devil. By rising from the dead, Jesus proved that he was indeed the Son of God, and he opened the way for eternal life for all who believe in him. The resurrection is a central event in Christian faith and represents the hope and assurance of life beyond this world. It shows Jesus' ultimate triumph over the powers of darkness and the promise of new life for all who put their trust in him.

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Amaziah warned Amos never to prophesy at Bethel again because he saw Amos as a threat to his position as a priest in the king's sanctuary. Amaziah was offended by the message Amos brought from God, which criticized the king and his people for their sins, and he saw it as disrespectful to the king and the religious establishment. Therefore, he wanted to silence Amos and prevent him from speaking out against the king and his policies.

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The statement "The Lord forbid that I should give you the inheritance of my fathers" implies that Israelites do not sell inherited property. This statement was made by a man named Naboth to King Ahab, who wanted to take possession of Naboth's vineyard. Naboth refused to sell his inheritance, as it was against Israelite law to sell inherited property. He believed it was a gift from God that was meant to remain within his family. His statement reflects the belief that inherited property is a sacred trust that should not be sold or transferred to outsiders.

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The instruction "Cast it on the ground" was given to Moses by God, and it was meant to showcase God's mighty power. Moses had thrown down his staff, and it had transformed into a snake. God then instructed him to pick it up by the tail, and it turned back into a staff. This was a miraculous sign from God to demonstrate His power and authority to Moses, and it was also a sign to Pharaoh and the Israelites that God was with Moses and that he was the chosen leader to lead them out of slavery.

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The word "Golgotha" means "skull" in Aramaic language, which was spoken in the region where Jesus was crucified. This place is also referred to as "Calvary" in some translations of the Bible. So, when it is said that Jesus was brought to Golgotha to be crucified, it means that he was taken to a place called "skull" where he was crucified.

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Ahab and Gehazi demonstrated the spirit of greed. In the Bible, Ahab was a king of Israel who was notorious for his love of luxury and material possessions. He coveted the vineyard of a man named Naboth and, with the help of his wife Jezebel, plotted to have him killed so that he could take the vineyard for himself. This demonstrated his greed and willingness to do whatever it took to satisfy his desires. Similarly, Gehazi was the servant of the prophet Elisha. When Elisha refused to accept a gift from Naaman, a Syrian general whom he had healed of leprosy, Gehazi went behind his back and lied to Naaman, saying that Elisha had changed his mind and wanted the gift after all. Gehazi's actions showed his greed and willingness to deceive for personal gain. Both Ahab and Gehazi serve as cautionary examples of the dangers of greed and the harm it can cause not only to oneself but also to others.

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According to James, partiality involved discriminating among themselves. This means that James believed that showing partiality or favoritism towards certain people based on their status, wealth, or appearance was wrong. James argued that Christians should love one another and speak the truth, and that this should be done without discrimination or bias. James also argued that Christians should honor the poor and not show favoritism towards the rich. In James 2:1-4, he writes, "My brothers and sisters, believers in our glorious Lord Jesus Christ must not show favoritism. Suppose a man comes into your meeting wearing a gold ring and fine clothes, and a poor man in filthy old clothes also comes in. If you show special attention to the man wearing fine clothes and say, 'Here’s a good seat for you,' but say to the poor man, 'You stand there' or 'Sit on the floor by my feet,' have you not discriminated among yourselves and become judges with evil thoughts?" Therefore, according to James, partiality involves showing favoritism and discrimination towards others based on their appearance, wealth or status.

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The righteous act to be fulfilled referred to Jesus was his baptism. When John the Baptist hesitated to baptize Jesus, Jesus said, "Let it be so now, for thus it is fitting for us to fulfill all righteousness." This statement implies that Jesus' baptism was a righteous act that he needed to do in order to fulfill God's plan. Jesus' baptism also symbolized his identification with sinners and his submission to God's will. Therefore, it was an important event in Jesus' life and ministry.

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The statement "this is my beloved son with whom I am well pleased" was heard during Jesus' baptism. This event marked the beginning of Jesus' public ministry, and as he emerged from the water, the heavens opened, and a voice from heaven declared that Jesus was the beloved son of God. This event is significant because it not only confirmed Jesus' divine identity, but it also foreshadowed his mission to save humanity through his death and resurrection. After his baptism, Jesus went into the wilderness to face temptation and prepare himself for his ministry, demonstrating his commitment to fulfilling the will of God.

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The people of Jabesh Gilead honoured Saul by giving him a fitting burial. In the book of 1 Samuel, we see that the Philistines had defeated the Israelites in a battle on Mount Gilboa, and Saul and his sons were killed. The Philistines then hung their bodies on the walls of Beth Shan. When the people of Jabesh Gilead heard about this, they risked their lives and went to Beth Shan to retrieve the bodies of Saul and his sons. They then took the bodies back to Jabesh Gilead and burned them. This was a way of giving them a proper burial and showing respect for Saul and his family. The people of Jabesh Gilead had a history of being loyal to Saul, and by giving him a fitting burial, they showed their gratitude for his leadership and their commitment to honouring him, even in death.

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In the teaching of Hosea, Gomer typifies Israel. Hosea was a prophet in the Old Testament who was called by God to preach to the Israelites, warning them of their unfaithfulness and idolatry. God instructed Hosea to marry a woman named Gomer, who would become a symbol of Israel's unfaithfulness to God. Throughout the book of Hosea, Gomer is depicted as a woman who repeatedly leaves Hosea to engage in prostitution and other immoral behavior. In the same way, Israel repeatedly turned away from God and worshiped idols. Despite Gomer's unfaithfulness, Hosea continued to love and pursue her, just as God continued to love and pursue Israel despite their unfaithfulness. Hosea's relationship with Gomer serves as a powerful metaphor for God's relationship with Israel and his unfailing love and mercy towards them, even in the face of their disobedience.

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In the book of Genesis, Joseph was a young man who had two dreams which he shared with his family. In these dreams, Joseph saw himself in a position of authority, with his family members bowing down to him. These dreams were meant to reveal Joseph's future, specifically the fact that he would become a powerful leader in Egypt. The dreams were also a sign of God's sovereignty, as He was using Joseph to carry out His plan and purpose for the nation of Egypt. Eventually, Joseph's dreams came true, as he was sold into slavery by his own brothers and ended up in Egypt. Through a series of events, Joseph was able to interpret Pharaoh's dreams and advise him on how to prepare for a severe famine that would hit the land. Joseph's interpretation of the dreams and his subsequent actions helped to save Egypt from the famine, demonstrating the importance of listening to God's guidance and following His plan. Therefore, Joseph's dreams were meant to reveal his future and depict God's will for his life, while also revealing God's sovereignty and ultimately playing a key role in saving Egypt from famine.

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The three disciples in whom Jesus frequently confided were Peter, James, and John. This means that Jesus often shared important moments and teachings with these three disciples. They were present for events such as the Transfiguration and the raising of Jairus' daughter, and Jesus often chose them to be with him in times of prayer and solitude. This special relationship with Peter, James, and John demonstrates Jesus' trust in them as his closest and most trusted followers. They were not the only disciples that Jesus loved, but they were the ones who were given the privilege of being with him in his most important moments.

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Ananias and Sapphira died because of their dishonesty. In the book of Acts in the Bible, Ananias and his wife Sapphira sold a piece of property and agreed to give the proceeds to the early Christian community. However, they secretly kept back some of the money for themselves and only gave a portion to the community, pretending it was the full amount. When Peter confronted Ananias about his deception, he fell down dead on the spot. Later, when Sapphira arrived and was questioned by Peter, she also fell down dead. Their deaths were a harsh reminder of the seriousness of lying to God and to the community, and the importance of honesty and integrity in the Christian faith.

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Peter called on Christians not to retaliate because vengeance belongs to God. In the book of 1 Peter, Peter exhorts Christians to live a holy life and to be prepared to suffer for the sake of Christ. He also reminds them not to repay evil with evil or insult with insult, but instead to bless those who persecute them. Peter emphasizes that revenge is not in their hands, but belongs to God. As believers, we are called to trust in God's justice and to leave vengeance to Him. This means that we must not take matters into our own hands and retaliate against those who wrong us, but instead, we must forgive and pray for them. By doing so, we will reflect the love and grace of Christ and overcome evil with good.

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In the book of Judges, Barak was a commander who led Israel's army against the Canaanite king Jabin, who was under the rule of Sisera. Barak chose his troops from the tribes of Zebulun and Naphtali. Zebulun and Naphtali were located in the northern part of Israel, close to the battlefront with Sisera's army. These tribes were known for their courage and fighting skills, which made them an excellent choice for the upcoming battle. Additionally, Deborah, a prophetess who was working with Barak, had received a message from God that encouraged Barak to attack Sisera's army. She also predicted that God would deliver Sisera into Barak's hands, which gave Barak and his troops the confidence they needed to go to war. Therefore, in preparation for the battle against Sisera, Barak chose his troops from the tribes of Zebulun and Naphtali, who were known for their bravery and located near the battlefront.

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(a) Events leading to the incident of the young man who fled naked

The statement comes from the arrest of Jesus in the garden of Gethsemane. The events leading to it were as follows:

After the Last Supper, Jesus and His disciples sang a hymn and went out to the Mount of Olives, to a place called Gethsemane. There Jesus told the disciples to sit while He prayed. He took Peter, James and John further, and began to be greatly distressed and troubled, saying, "My soul is very sorrowful, even to death."

Jesus went a little farther, fell on the ground and prayed that, if it were possible, the hour might pass from Him: "Abba, Father, all things are possible to thee; remove this cup from me; yet not what I will, but what thou wilt." He returned and found the three disciples sleeping, and rebuked Peter, urging them to watch and pray lest they enter into temptation. This happened three times; the third time He said, "The hour has come; the Son of man is betrayed into the hands of sinners. Rise, let us be going; my betrayer is at hand."

Immediately, while He was still speaking, Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve, came with a crowd bearing swords and clubs, sent from the chief priests, scribes and elders. Judas had given them a sign: "The one I shall kiss is the man; seize him." He went up to Jesus, said "Master!" and kissed Him. Then they laid hands on Jesus and seized Him.

One of those standing by drew his sword and struck the servant of the high priest, cutting off his ear. Jesus protested that they had come out as against a robber, though He taught daily in the temple and they did not seize Him; but this was to fulfil the Scriptures. Then all the disciples forsook Him and fled.

At that point, a young man followed Him with nothing but a linen cloth about his body; when they seized him, he left the linen cloth and ran away naked.

(b) Four reasons why some people forsake their friends

1. Fear of danger or persecution - people abandon friends to save their own lives, as the disciples fled at Jesus' arrest.
2. Selfishness and self-interest - when friendship no longer brings personal gain or benefit.
3. Loss of wealth or status - friends desert when one becomes poor or falls from a position of influence.
4. Misunderstanding, quarrels or betrayal - disagreements and broken trust cause people to abandon one another.

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(a) The story of Hosea's marriage to Gomer

God commanded the prophet Hosea to take a wife of harlotry and to have children of harlotry, saying, "for the land commits great harlotry by forsaking the LORD." This marriage was to be a living parable of the relationship between God and unfaithful Israel.

Hosea obeyed and married Gomer, the daughter of Diblaim. Gomer conceived and bore him a son. The LORD instructed Hosea to name him Jezreel, for God would soon punish the house of Jehu for the bloodshed at Jezreel and would break the bow of Israel.

Gomer conceived again and bore a daughter. God told Hosea to name her Lo-ruhamah ("not pitied"), for the LORD would no longer have pity on the house of Israel to forgive them, though He would have pity on Judah.

After weaning Lo-ruhamah, Gomer conceived and bore another son. God said his name should be Lo-ammi ("not my people"), for they were not God's people and He was not their God.

In time Gomer proved unfaithful and went after other lovers, playing the harlot. Yet God commanded Hosea, "Go again, love a woman who is beloved of a paramour and is an adulteress, even as the LORD loves the people of Israel." So Hosea bought her back for fifteen shekels of silver and a homer and a half of barley, and told her to dwell with him and not play the harlot, and he would be faithful to her.

The whole marriage symbolised God's steadfast, redeeming love for Israel despite her spiritual adultery (idolatry). Just as Hosea took Gomer back, God promised to restore Israel: the names would be reversed, so that Lo-ammi would be called "sons of the living God" and Lo-ruhamah would obtain pity.

(b) Three factors that ensure a stable marriage

1. Mutual love and faithfulness: Husband and wife must love and remain faithful to each other, avoiding adultery and unfaithfulness that destroy trust.
2. Effective communication and mutual understanding: Partners who discuss issues, tolerate each other's weaknesses and forgive offences build a lasting home.
3. Shared faith and the fear of God: A couple who worship together and keep God's commandments enjoy His guidance and are helped to live in peace and self-control.

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(a) The activities of Peter in Lydda and Joppa

At Lydda: As Peter went here and there among all the believers, he came down to the saints who lived at Lydda. There he found a man named Aeneas, who had been bedridden for eight years, for he was paralysed. Peter said to him, "Aeneas, Jesus Christ heals you; rise and make your bed." Immediately he rose. And all the residents of Lydda and Sharon saw him, and they turned to the Lord.

At Joppa: Now there was at Joppa a disciple named Tabitha, which means Dorcas (Gazelle). She was full of good works and acts of charity, especially making garments for widows. At that time she fell sick and died, and they washed her body and laid it in an upper room.

Since Lydda was near Joppa, and the disciples had heard that Peter was there, they sent two men to him, urging him, "Please come to us without delay." So Peter rose and went with them. When he arrived, they took him to the upper room, and all the widows stood beside him weeping and showing the tunics and garments which Dorcas had made while she was with them.

Peter put them all outside, knelt down and prayed. Then, turning to the body, he said, "Tabitha, rise." She opened her eyes, and seeing Peter she sat up. He gave her his hand and lifted her up; then, calling the saints and widows, he presented her alive. This became known throughout all Joppa, and many believed in the Lord.

Afterwards Peter stayed in Joppa for many days with one Simon, a tanner. Through the healing of Aeneas and the raising of Dorcas, Peter continued the healing ministry of Jesus and brought many people to faith.

(b) Two ways some pastors hide behind miracles to cause havoc in society today

1. Fraud and extortion - some pastors stage false miracles to deceive people into giving them large sums of money and property, thereby impoverishing their followers.
2. Manipulation and immorality - some use claims of miraculous power to control, intimidate or sexually exploit vulnerable members, and to divert people from proper medical help, sometimes leading to death.

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(a) James's advice to be doers of the word and not hearers only

In his epistle, James urged Christians to put their faith into practice. He first advised that every man should be quick to hear, slow to speak and slow to anger, for the anger of man does not work the righteousness of God.

He told them to put away all filthiness and wickedness and to receive with meekness the implanted word, which is able to save their souls. Then came his central charge: "But be doers of the word, and not hearers only, deceiving yourselves."

James illustrated this with the picture of a mirror. Anyone who hears the word but does not do it is like a man who looks at his natural face in a mirror; for he observes himself, then goes away and at once forgets what he was like. But the one who looks into the perfect law of liberty and perseveres, being no hearer that forgets but a doer that acts, shall be blessed in his doing.

He warned that if anyone thinks he is religious, yet does not bridle his tongue but deceives his heart, that person's religion is vain (worthless). He then defined true religion in practical terms: "Religion that is pure and undefiled before God and the Father is this: to visit orphans and widows in their affliction, and to keep oneself unstained from the world."

The whole teaching stresses that genuine faith must be shown by obedient action and good works, not merely by listening to or professing the word.

(b) Two factors that hinder Christians from doing the will of God

1. Worldly desires and temptations - love of wealth, pleasure and material things draws Christians away from obeying God.
2. Fear and weakness of faith - fear of persecution, ridicule or loss, together with a weak or lukewarm faith, prevents Christians from carrying out God's will.

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(a) The effects of the behaviour of Eli's children on Israel as a nation (1 Samuel 2:12-36; 4:1-22)

Eli's sons, Hophni and Phinehas, were priests at Shiloh but were worthless men (sons of Belial) who did not know the LORD. Their corrupt behaviour and its effects on Israel were as follows:

• They abused the priestly office by seizing the best of the sacrificial meat for themselves before the fat was offered to God, taking it by force with a fork, and threatening worshippers. Thus the sin of the young men was very great before the LORD, for they treated the offering of the LORD with contempt, and this made the people despise the worship of God.
• They committed immorality, lying with the women who served at the entrance to the tent of meeting, defiling the sanctuary and bringing the priesthood into disrepute.
• Because of their wickedness, a man of God (and later the young Samuel) pronounced judgement on Eli's house: both sons would die on the same day, and the priesthood would be taken from his family.
• Their sin brought national disaster. When Israel went to war against the Philistines, they were defeated and, in presumption, brought the Ark of the Covenant into battle. Israel was routed, about thirty thousand foot soldiers fell, Hophni and Phinehas were killed, and the Ark of God was captured.
• On hearing the news, Eli fell backward, broke his neck and died. His daughter-in-law, wife of Phinehas, died in childbirth, naming her son Ichabod, saying, "The glory has departed from Israel," because the Ark had been captured.

Thus the misconduct of Eli's sons led to military defeat, great loss of life, the capture of the Ark, the death of the priestly family, and a sense that God's glory had left the nation.

(b) Two lessons parents can learn from Eli's attitude

1. Parents must correct and discipline their children: Eli knew of his sons' evil but only rebuked them mildly and failed to restrain them, so parents should firmly guide and discipline their children before it is too late.
2. Parents will be held accountable for how they raise their children: Eli and his house suffered judgement partly because he honoured his sons above God; godly upbringing and putting God first are the responsibility of every parent.

Détails de la réponse

(a) Jesus' call of the twelve disciples

As the ministry of Jesus grew, He needed men whom He could train and send out to preach. Before choosing them, Jesus went out into the hills to pray, and He spent the whole night in prayer to God, seeking the Father's guidance in the choice.

When it was day, He called His disciples to Himself, and from them He chose twelve, whom He named apostles, that they might be with Him and that He might send them out to preach and have authority to cast out demons.

The twelve He appointed were:

• Simon, whom He surnamed Peter;
• James the son of Zebedee and John his brother, whom He surnamed Boanerges, that is, "sons of thunder";
• Andrew (Peter's brother);
• Philip and Bartholomew;
• Matthew (the tax collector) and Thomas;
• James the son of Alphaeus and Thaddaeus;
• Simon the Cananaean (the Zealot);
• and Judas Iscariot, who later betrayed Him.

Jesus called ordinary men, fishermen, a tax collector and others, not the learned or powerful. He called them personally, and they left their occupations to follow Him. He appointed them for a threefold purpose: to be with Him (fellowship and training), to be sent out to preach, and to have authority over unclean spirits and diseases. This showed that the work of the Kingdom was to continue through chosen human instruments.

(b) Four good qualities of a Christian leader

1. Humility - a willingness to serve rather than to be served.
2. Honesty and integrity - being truthful, trustworthy and free from corruption.
3. Prayerfulness and faith in God - depending on God for direction and strength.
4. Love and compassion - caring for the welfare of the people led.

Détails de la réponse

(a) The circumstances that led to the rejection of Rehoboam as king (1 Kings 12:1-20)

After the death of Solomon, his son Rehoboam went to Shechem, where all Israel had gathered to make him king. Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who had fled to Egypt from Solomon, was recalled, and with the whole assembly of Israel he came to Rehoboam with a petition, saying, "Your father made our yoke heavy. Now therefore lighten the hard service of your father and his heavy yoke upon us, and we will serve you."

Rehoboam asked them to return after three days while he sought advice:

• He first consulted the old men who had stood before Solomon his father. They advised him, "If you will be a servant to this people today and serve them, and speak good words to them, they will be your servants for ever."
• But Rehoboam forsook this counsel and consulted the young men who had grown up with him. They advised him to answer harshly, saying, "My little finger is thicker than my father's loins. My father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions."

When the people returned, Rehoboam followed the foolish advice of the young men and answered them harshly, refusing to lighten their burden. So when all Israel saw that the king would not listen, they answered, "What portion have we in David? To your tents, O Israel! Look now to your own house, David." When Rehoboam sent Adoram, who was over the forced labour, the people stoned him to death, and Rehoboam fled to Jerusalem. Thus the ten northern tribes rejected the house of David and made Jeroboam king, and only the tribe of Judah (with Benjamin) remained loyal to Rehoboam. The kingdom was divided.

(b) Three factors that can lead to the rejection of a political leader

1. Oppression and harsh, insensitive rule: imposing heavy taxes and burdens and refusing to listen to the people's grievances.
2. Pride, arrogance and poor advice: despising wise counsel and relying on immature or self-serving advisers.
3. Injustice, tyranny and failure to serve the people: when a leader is corrupt, wicked or uncaring and does not promote the welfare of the citizens.

Détails de la réponse

(a) How Moses responded to God's call (Exodus 3:1-4:17)

While Moses was tending the flock of his father-in-law Jethro at Mount Horeb (Sinai), God appeared to him in a flame of fire from the midst of a bush that burned but was not consumed. God told Moses that He had seen and heard the affliction of the Israelites in Egypt and had come down to deliver them, and He charged Moses to go to Pharaoh and bring the Israelites out of bondage to Canaan, the Promised Land. Moses responded not with ready obedience but with a series of objections, which God answered one after another:

1. Moses shrank from the task, saying, "Who am I that I should go to Pharaoh and bring the sons of Israel out of Egypt?" God assured him that He would be with him and gave him a sign that he would bring the people back to Mount Horeb to serve God.
2. Moses asked what he should say if the people demanded God's name. God revealed His name, "I AM WHO I AM," the God of their fathers Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, and told Moses to gather the elders and go to Pharaoh to ask permission for a three-day journey to worship God in the wilderness.
3. Moses complained that the people would not believe that God had appeared to him. God gave him three signs: turning his rod into a snake when cast down, making his hand leprous and then whole again when placed in his cloak, and turning water from the Nile into blood on the ground.
4. Moses further objected that he was not eloquent and was slow of speech. God promised to be with his mouth and to teach him what to say, since He is the Creator of the mouth.
5. Finally Moses pleaded with God to send someone else. Though God's anger was kindled, He appointed Aaron, Moses' brother, to be his spokesman before the people and Pharaoh.

Moses then accepted the call, took the rod of God in his hand and returned to Egypt to carry out his mission.

(b) Three reasons why people refuse to accept leadership roles

1. Lack of confidence, low self-esteem or fear of failure.
2. Fear of being criticized or opposed.
3. Lack of the necessary knowledge, expertise or commitment for the task.

Détails de la réponse

(a) Peter's teaching on submission to authority

In his first epistle, Peter taught Christians to live as obedient and law-abiding people so that their good conduct would silence critics and glorify God.

He wrote, "Be subject for the Lord's sake to every human institution, whether it be to the emperor as supreme, or to governors as sent by him to punish those who do wrong and to praise those who do right." He explained that it is God's will that by doing right they should put to silence the ignorance of foolish men.

Peter told them to live as free men, yet not to use their freedom as a pretext (cover-up) for evil, but to live as servants of God. He summed up the Christian duties: "Honour all men. Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honour the emperor."

He also addressed servants, urging them to be submissive to their masters with all respect, not only to the kind and gentle but also to the overbearing. He taught that there is credit before God in enduring unjust suffering patiently, pointing to Christ, who suffered without sin and left an example that believers should follow in His steps. Thus Peter grounded submission to authority in reverence for God and in the example of Christ.

(b) Seven ways a Christian can be a good citizen

1. Obeying the laws of the land and constituted authority.
2. Paying taxes and other lawful dues honestly.
3. Praying for leaders and the peace of the nation.
4. Living peaceably and avoiding violence, riots and crime.
5. Being honest and avoiding corruption, bribery and fraud.
6. Respecting and honouring all people, including those in authority.
7. Performing civic duties such as voting, and contributing to community and national development.