JAMB UTME - Use of English - 2024

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The word "cancellation" in this context refers to the ending or termination of an event, and "abortion" can be used to mean the act of stopping something before it is completed.

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In the given statement, the word with the emphatic stress is "TOMORROW". This means that the emphasis is on the time when the mother is expected to be back.

To test the emphatic stress, we usually form a question that targets the emphasized word, expecting an answer that confirms or clarifies it. The question should be structured in such a way that the response can be a confirmation of the emphasis.

Let's analyze the options provided:

• : "Who is expected back by this time tomorrow?" - This question emphasizes "who" is expected back. It does not emphasize the time "tomorrow" and hence, doesn't confirm the emphasis.
• : "Is my mother expected back by this time next month?" - This question contrasts "tomorrow" with "next month", allowing the answer to emphasize "TOMORROW" as a confirmation. It directly addresses the time aspect, making it the correct choice to which the emphatic stress on "TOMORROW" relates.
• : "Is my mother assumed back by this time tomorrow?" - This question contrasts "expected" with "assumed", focusing on the nature of the expectation and not on the time. Hence, it doesn't relate to the emphatic stress.
• : "Is my mother expected gone by this time tomorrow?" - This question contrasts "expected to be back" with "expected gone", again not addressing the timing of the return. Therefore, it doesn't relate to the emphatic stress.

Thus, the answer is that the emphatic stress on "TOMORROW" is related to as it focuses on the timing of the event, which is the key aspect being emphasized in the original statement.

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In the statement "Bala ate a slice of BREAD," the word "BREAD" is emphasized. When a word in a sentence is emphasized, it means that word is being highlighted as the key piece of information. To determine the correct sentence that relates to this emphatic stress, we need to contrast the emphasized word ("BREAD") with alternative options provided.

Among the given options, we are looking for a question where the replacement or alternative to "BREAD" is mentioned. The question "Did Bala eat a slice of cake?" challenges the emphasized word "BREAD" by replacing it with "cake." This makes it the correct option because it tests the emphasis placed on "BREAD."

Therefore, the question "Did Bala eat a slice of cake?" directly contrasts with the emphasis on "BREAD" in the original statement.

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To select the best option to complete the sentence "The movie wasn't fantastic, was it?" we need to understand the structure of a tag question. A **tag question** consists of a **statement** followed by a short question. The tag question is typically used to confirm something the speaker believes to be true. In English, the **tag** is generally formed by inverting the auxiliary verb and subject of the main sentence and is usually the opposite in form (affirmative vs. negative).

In this case, the statement is "The movie wasn't fantastic". The tag "was it?" is used to seek confirmation and implies that the speaker anticipates agreement. **Since the statement is negative ("wasn't"), the agreement or confirmation often expected is affirmative.**

Therefore, if you agree that the movie wasn't fantastic, you'd say "No, it wasn't" to confirm the negative statement because agreement to a negative statement is expressed with "no".

Thus, the correct option to complete the sentence is:
No, it wasn't.

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The word "inevitable" means something that cannot be avoided or escaped. It implies that an event is certain to happen and there is no way to prevent it from occurring. When we say that "Death is inevitable," we mean that death is a natural part of life that everyone will experience eventually, and there is no way to avoid it.

Let's look at the options:

• Unavoidable: This word is nearest in meaning to "inevitable" because it also means that something cannot be prevented.
• Predictable: While this word refers to something that can be anticipated or expected to happen, it does not necessarily mean that it cannot be avoided.
• Distant: This word refers to something far away in time or space, and it does not convey the idea of inevitability or certainty.
• Surmountable: This word means that something can be overcome or conquered, which is opposite in meaning to inevitable.

Therefore, the option nearest in meaning to "inevitable" is unavoidable.

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In this question, you are tasked with identifying which word rhymes with "boys". A rhyme occurs when two or more words have the same or similar ending sounds.

Let's analyze each of the options:

1. Moist: The word "moist" ends with the sound /oist/, which is different from the sound at the end of "boys". Therefore, it does not rhyme with "boys".

2. Elbows: The word "elbows" has the ending sound /bohz/, which doesn't match the ending sound of "boys". Hence, it does not rhyme with "boys".

3. Noise: The word "noise" ends with the sound /oiz/, which is *similar* to the ending sound of "boys". Therefore, it rhymes with "boys".

4. Stays: The word "stays" has the ending sound /eiz/, which is different from the ending sound of "boys". Therefore, it does not rhyme with "boys".

The correct option that rhymes with "boys" is noise because both share the same ending sound /oiz/.

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The phrase "Here he comes, speak of the devil" is an idiomatic expression. It is used when someone who was just being discussed unexpectedly appears or is present. This expression does not literally refer to the devil. Therefore, the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence is that he appears as he is being discussed. This expression is used to note the coincidence and is often said humorously.

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The most appropriate choice to fill the gap labelled 11 would be call-card. A call-card is a small card used in libraries that contains information about books available for borrowing. It typically includes the book's title, author's name, and the book's unique identification number. This allows library users to locate and check out books easily. The other options, such as book-card, author-card, and seller-card do not typically refer to items used in a library context for borrowing purposes.

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The best option to complete the sentence is "**to**." The correct sentence would be: "I was glad he called my attention **to** the matter."

Here's a simple explanation:

In English, certain verbs or expressions require specific prepositions that follow them. The phrase "call attention" typically pairs with the preposition **"to"**. This construction is used to indicate directing someone's focus or thoughts **toward** a particular issue or topic.

For example, if you say, "He called my attention **to** the problem," it means that he brought the problem to your notice or made you aware of it. Using other prepositions like "on," "for," or "at" in this context would not be grammatically correct as they do not convey the intended relationship between the action and the subject.

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To complete the sentence "My uncle is not sure ____ the strange guests were," we need to select a word that logically fits in the context of identifying or specifying something about the "strange guests."

1. **Which:** Typically used to choose between options or to specify a particular item or group from others. It does not fit well here because we are not choosing between a set of known options.

2. **Who:** Used to refer to the subject or inquiring about the identity of a person or people. This option fits well here since we are talking about people, the "strange guests," and trying to identify them. The sentence would be: "My uncle is not sure who the strange guests were."

3. **Whom:** Used to refer to the object of a verb or preposition and often follows a preposition. It would not fit here because the structure of the sentence requires a subject complement, not an object.

4. **What:** Generally used to ask questions about things, rather than people. Since we are talking about people, "strange guests," this option doesn't fit well.

Therefore, the best choice is **who**, as it properly addresses the question of identifying the strange guests, effectively completing the sentence as "My uncle is not sure who the strange guests were."

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A "call-mark" is used to identify the specific location of a book on a shelf.

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The word "guilty" refers to being responsible for a wrongdoing or a crime. In a legal context, when someone is declared guilty, it means they have been found to have committed the offense they were charged with.

The opposite of being guilty is being free from blame or responsibility for the crime. This means the person is not responsible for the wrongdoing or has not committed the crime they were accused of.

The word that is opposite in meaning to "guilty" is therefore "innocent." This means the person is not blamed for any crime and has no responsibility for wrongdoing.

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The phrase "learning in the four walls of a classroom" implies formal education. Formal education refers to the systematic, structured education that occurs primarily in school settings, often involving a specific curriculum and conducted by trained teachers. This type of education takes place within classrooms, which are typically part of school buildings, hence the phrase about the "four walls". Students are educated in a formal environment where knowledge is imparted through a set curriculum, examinations, and assessments.

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The word **messy** implies a state of disorder or confusion where things are scattered around and not organized. To find an opposite, we look for a word that describes the room as **orderly and well-organized**.

Let's consider the options:

• Muddled: This word is similar to **messy** and implies confusion or disorder. It's not opposite in meaning.
• Dirty: This focuses on cleanliness, indicating something is not clean, but it does not specifically address organization or tidiness.
• Unkept: Similar to **messy**, it implies a lack of care in organization or tidiness.
• Tidy: This word means everything is in its proper place, well-organized, and clean. It reflects a state opposite to **messy**.

Therefore, the opposite of **messy** is **tidy**, as it describes a room that is neat and organized.

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When a word in a sentence is given emphatic stress, it signifies that the word is crucial to the meaning or emphasis of the sentence. In this case, the word in capital letters is "PEACE," implying that the emphasis is on what his reign was noted for. To determine the appropriate question form that relates to the emphasis, we look at options that focus on contrasting what his reign could be noted for.

The original statement is "His reign was noted for PEACE." Emphatic stress looks for an alternative or contrasting term to the emphasized word. Here, the emphasized word is "PEACE," so we need to check for an option that contrasts with "peace."

The option "Was his reign noted for wealth?" fits this requirement. By asking about a different characteristic, such as "wealth," it directly contrasts with the original statement's emphasis on "PEACE." Therefore, this question would have the emphatic stress on "peace" to highlight the contrast.

Hence, when the response is "His reign was noted for PEACE," the contrasting question would be "Was his reign noted for wealth?"

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The correct option that best completes the sentence is: expatiate/playwright. Here's why:

1. **Expatiate:** This means to speak or write in detail about a particular topic. In the context of the sentence, the students wanted the Literature teacher to elaborate or explain the point of view more thoroughly. The correct spelling is "expatiate", not "expantiate," which is incorrect.

2. **Playwright:** This refers to a person who writes plays, and is the correct term in this context as it concerns literature. The word should not be confused with "playwriter" or "playwrite," both of which are incorrect. The suffix "wright" indicates a maker or builder, and "playwright" specifically refers to the creator of plays.

Thus, the sentence would read: Everyone in class wanted the Literature teacher to expatiate the point of view of the playwright.

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Bint describes her Social Studies teacher as meddlesome as she narrates how she took on her Social Studies teacher who thinks he knows "a little bit about every subject under the sun". This can be found on page 1 of the novel. 

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The word "stretch" in the context "Ayo does regular exercise to stretch his mind" implies making the mind more flexible or broadening its capabilities. When we "stretch" something, we are essentially looking to expand or extend it beyond its current state.

To find the opposite of "stretch," we should look for a word that conveys the idea of limiting or narrowing rather than broadening.

Let's consider the options:

• "Enrich": This means to improve or enhance the quality or value of something, which aligns more with the idea of "stretch" rather than opposing it.
• "Expand": This also aligns with "stretch" as it means to increase in size, volume, or scope.
• "Conscript": While this word doesn't have a direct opposition to "stretch", it refers to enrolling someone compulsorily, specifically into the army. It does not particularly relate to stretching the mind.
• "Restrict": This means to limit or control the extent or range of something. **This is the opposite of "stretch"** because it implies reducing or narrowing, rather than expanding.

Therefore, the word that is opposite in meaning to "stretch" is "restrict".

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The correct stress pattern for the word "embodiment" is emBODiment.

In English pronunciation, stress on a syllable means that the syllable is given more emphasis or prominence than the others. In the word "embodiment," the primary stress falls on the second syllable BOD. This is a common stress pattern for words ending in the suffix "-ment," where the stress is usually placed on the syllable preceding the suffix.

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The phrase prevail upon generally means to get someone to do something by reasoning with them or urging them consistently. It implies a gentle but firm influence to change someone's mind or decision. Therefore, the term that is nearest in meaning to prevail upon is persuade. When you persuade someone, you are convincing them to do something through reasoning or argument, rather than by forcing or overruling them.

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The passage suggests that rock particles can be found in the soil. It describes an observation where the roots of big trees penetrate and break rocks, leading to the mixing of rock particles with the soil surrounding the rocks. This indicates that weathering processes break down rocks into smaller fragments, and these fragments can become part of the soil. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude from the passage that rock particles can be found in any type of soil as they are a result of the natural weathering process mixing rock particles with the rest of the soil.

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In the given sentence, the word "PRODUCT" carries the emphatic stress, which means the emphasis is on what was rejected being the product. Thus, the question that relates best to emphasizing the word "PRODUCT" is: Was the product rejected though genuine?

This question is asking if it was specifically the product (and not anything else) that got rejected, which aligns with emphasizing the product itself. The focus is on identifying that it is indeed the product that experienced the action mentioned in the statement, not anything else. It tests whether, despite the possibility of the product being genuine, the emphasis lies on it being the item that was rejected.

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According to the passage, it is not all honeybees that produce eggs. The passage explains that there are different roles and castes within honeybee society. Only the queen has the ability to lay eggs. The other bees, such as the workers and drones, do not lay eggs. Workers carry out other functions like foraging and taking care of the hive, while drones do not participate in laying eggs as they are males.

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The correct word to complete the sentence is "itinerary." Here's why:

The word "itinerary" refers to a planned route or journey, typically including the details of places to be visited or scheduled events. In the context of the sentence, it indicates that everyone was aware of the woman's planned schedule or journey before the interruption caused by the phone going off.

Let's discuss the options:

• "Itinery" is incorrect because it is a misspelling of the word.
• "Itinerary" is the correct spelling of the word and fits the context of the sentence.
• "Itenery" is also incorrect because of an extra vowel and incorrect spelling.
• "Itinarary" is incorrect due to rearranging letters and a misspelling.

Therefore, "itinerary" is the correct choice as it accurately completes the sentence both grammatically and contextually.

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The word **broad** refers to something that has a great extent from side to side or is very wide. In this context, **broad** is describing the roads in major cities as having a large width.

The option that is opposite in meaning to **broad** is **narrow**. While **broad** suggests something wide, **narrow** means something that has a small width or is much less wide. Therefore, if roads are described as **narrow**, they have a small extent from side to side, which is contrary to being **broad**.

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The best option to complete the gap is "Look up."

Explanation:

When you want to find the meaning, synonym, or other information about a word, you use the phrase "Look up." This is a common phrase used when referring to searching for something specific in a reference source, like a dictionary or thesaurus. Here, you are being asked to look up the word in the Thesaurus to find more information about it, such as its synonyms. Thus, the correct completion of the sentence is to "Look up the word in the Thesaurus!"

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The correct option to complete the sentence "How many eggs were _____ by the hen?" is laid.

Here's the explanation:

The word "laid" is the past participle form of the verb "lay," which means to put something down in a flat position or make it sit somewhere. Hens lay eggs, and when we use the past participle in a passive voice construction ("were _____ by"), we need to use "laid" to indicate the action completed by the hen.

Let's briefly consider why the other options are not suitable:

• lain: This is the past participle form of the verb "lie," which means to recline or be in a horizontal position. It is not used for placing objects like eggs.
• layed: This is not a correct form of the verb "lay." It is a common misspelling.
• laying: This is the present participle form of the verb "lay." However, in this sentence's context, we need the past participle to indicate the past action done by the hen, which is "laid."

Therefore, the accurate and grammatically correct answer is "laid."

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To fill the gap labelled 12 effectively, we need to understand the function that language maps perform beyond just informing us about global language distributions. They shape our understanding of how language and territory are connected. This involves engaging in a process of discussion and thought around the role of language in society and its spatial distribution.

The word "discursive" is most appropriate here because it pertains to discourse or modes of discourse. It refers to the way in which topics or subjects are talked about and discussed. In this context, language maps go beyond a simple informational purpose and fulfil a function related to discourse on language, territory, and their interrelation. They are part of the broader conversation and conceptual framework that connects linguistic practices to specific geographical areas.

The other options don't fit as well because "interactive" implies engaging with or involving an active exchange, "intuitive" implies something that is easily understandable without conscious reasoning, and "reclusive" suggests avoiding interaction, all of which do not accurately describe the role that language maps play in shaping discourse about language-territory relations.

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The sentence "It is not in my place to keep late, no matter what happens" conveys the idea of a personal principle or belief regarding punctuality or staying late. It suggests that the speaker has a strong stance against staying late regardless of the circumstances. The best explanation is that the speaker has a self-imposed rule or personal boundary that dictates punctuality or avoiding staying late. This emphasizes a commitment to being on time or leaving at an appropriate time.

The most appropriate option would be: I am not used to keeping late, which indicates a habitual or personal principle that they adhere to. This aligns with the sentiment expressed in the sentence about not keeping late "no matter what happens," emphasizing a strong personal conviction.

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"Bare" describes the exposed or uncovered coal surface. Other options do not fit the description appropriately.

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The most appropriate stress pattern for the word "informative" is inFORmative. Here's a simple breakdown:

The word "informative" consists of four syllables: in-for-ma-tive.

In English, the stress usually falls on particular syllables to convey the correct pronunciation of a word. For multi-syllable words, stressing the correct syllable is crucial for proper pronunciation.

For the word “informative,” the primary stress falls on the second syllable: FOR (in-FOR-ma-tive).

This pattern is typical for many English words where the stress falls on the syllable following the prefix "in." Thus, saying inFORmative aligns well with standard English pronunciation patterns.

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The correct option to complete the sentence is "were". Let's understand why:

This sentence is an example of a conditional sentence. Specifically, it is a type called the second conditional, which is used to talk about hypothetical situations that are not real or are unlikely to happen in the present or future.

The structure of a second conditional sentence is: If + subject + past simple, subject + would + base verb. Here is the structure applied to the sentence:

• If her brother were here, he would call the police.

In the conditional clause "If her brother were here," we use the past simple verb "were" which is used for hypothetical situations involving the subject "her brother."

Note: Although "were" typically pairs with plural subjects, in the case of hypothetical or conditional sentences, "were" is also used with singular subjects like "her brother." This use is sometimes referred to as the subjunctive mood.

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To identify the vowel sound, let's first isolate the vowel sound in the word "busy," which is represented by the "u" and pronounced as /ɪ/. This is similar to the "i" in "bit" or "sit".

Now, let's analyze each option:

• Vineyard: The "i" in "vineyard" sounds like /ɪ/, similar to the "i" in "bit" or "sit," which is the same as "busy".
• Automobile: The vowels sound like /ɔː/, /ə/, /ʊ/, which don't match the /ɪ/ sound in "busy".
• Twilight: The "i" here sounds like /aɪ/ as in "light," which is different from the /ɪ/ sound in "busy".
• Island: The "i" sounds like /aɪ/ as in "high," which is also different from the /ɪ/ sound in "busy".

Therefore, **"vineyard"** has the same vowel sound as the word "busy".

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To understand the word "**cherishes**," let's explore its meaning. When someone **cherishes** something, they hold it in high regard and have a deep appreciation or love for it. In this context, the board Chairman **cherishes** punctuality, meaning he values it and finds it important.

Now, let's look at the meanings of the options provided:

• **Condemns**: This means to express complete disapproval of something, typically in public; it's a strong negative judgment.
• **Abhors**: This means to regard with disgust and hatred; it's a strong dislike.
• **Despises**: This means to feel contempt or a deep repugnance for something; it's a severe dislike or disdain.
• **Admires**: This means to regard with respect, pleasure, or approval; it's a favorable and positive view.

The word **cherishes** is closest in meaning to **admires** because both involve a positive feeling and appreciation. In contrast, the other words (**condemns**, **abhors**, **despises**) all reflect negative feelings or attitudes.

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The expression "cynosure of all eyes" is often used to describe someone who attracts a lot of attention or is the center of attraction. In simple terms, when Titi is described as the "cynosure of all eyes at the party," it means that she was the primary focus of attention and everyone was looking at her.

The emphasis is on her being the center of attraction, and it does not necessarily imply anything about how she was dressed, whether she was ashamed, or if she wanted to leave the party. Therefore, the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence is that she was the centre of attraction at the party.

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The sentence "Our school field is bigger than yours" conveys a comparison of size between two school fields. This sentence clearly indicates that our school field is larger in size compared to your school field.

Now let's examine the options:

• Your school is bigger than ours: This option talks about the overall school size, not the field. It contradicts the original sentence because it implies your school is bigger, which is not discussed in the context of fields.
• Your school is not bigger than ours: This option, again, refers to the schools instead of just the fields. It might align with the general notion, but it does not directly address the field size comparison.
• Our school field is as big as yours: This implies that both fields are of the same size. However, the original sentence clearly states that our field is bigger, not equal in size.
• Your school field is not as big as ours: This option accurately paraphrases the original comparison by saying that your field is smaller than ours, maintaining the original meaning and focus on field size.

Thus, the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence is "Your school field is not as big as ours."

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Books are located on a "shelf" in a library.

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The drones are the honeybees that do not live long. Drone bees are male bees whose primary role is to mate with a queen bee. They do not participate in foraging for food or taking care of the hive. Once they have completed their mating role, they typically die shortly thereafter because mating is a fatal act for them.

In addition, if drones have not mated by the end of the mating season, they are often expelled from the hive by the worker bees. This is primarily because drones do not contribute to the hive's upkeep, and during times when resources are scarce, it is not beneficial for the colony to support them. Therefore, drones generally have a shorter lifespan compared to the queen and worker bees in the hive.

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The word underlined here is "indifferent." This word describes someone who shows a lack of interest, concern, or sympathy; they are neutral or unconcerned about the situation.

To find the option that is opposite in meaning, we need to look for a word that suggests actively showing concern or emotion. Let's evaluate each option:

a strong: This option refers to being powerful or forceful. It does not directly relate to the level of concern or interest.

a concerned: This option implies that someone cares about something and is involved or worried about it. This is the opposite of being indifferent because an indifferent person does not show interest or concern.

an uninterested: This is synonymous with being indifferent, as both mean showing a lack of interest.

an unresponsive: This implies not responding or reacting, which is related but not directly opposite to being indifferent.

Therefore, the option "a concerned" is the correct choice as it is the opposite of "indifferent," showing that the person has interest and is involved emotionally.

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To find a word that rhymes with "hurt," we need to look for a word with a similar ending sound. The word "hurt" ends with the sound "urt."

Let's analyze the given options:

• hot: Ends with the sound "ot," so it does not rhyme with "hurt."
• cough: Ends with the sound "off," which does not rhyme with "hurt."
• coil: Ends with the sound "oil," which does not rhyme with "hurt."
• shirt: Ends with the sound "irt," which is very similar to "urt."

Therefore, the word "shirt" rhymes with "hurt" because they both end with a similar sound. The main requirement for words to rhyme is that their ending phonetic sounds match or are very similar.

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The word "likeness" means similarity or resemblance. The opposite of this is dissimilarity

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To determine which word rhymes with the given word "Light," it is essential to understand the sound of the ending part of the word. **Rhyming words** have the same ending sound.

The given word is "Light." The **ending sound** of "Light" is /-aɪt/.

Now, let's consider the options:

1. **Lure** - The ending sound of "Lure" is /-ʊr/. This does not rhyme with "Light" because the sound is different.

2. **Hate** - The ending sound of "Hate" is /-eɪt/. This does not rhyme with "Light" because the ending sound is different.

3. **Right** - The ending sound of "Right" is /-aɪt/. This rhymes with "Light" because they have the same ending sound.

4. **Caught** - The ending sound of "Caught" is /-ɔːt/. This does not rhyme with "Light" because the ending sound is different.

In summary, among the given options, the only word that rhymes with "Light" is **Right** because they both end with the **same sound**, /-aɪt/.

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The man is not as powerful as he once was, his influence has considerably diminished.

The word "diminished" means something that has become less or decreased in size, extent, or importance. In this context, it perfectly completes the sentence by indicating that the man's influence has decreased over time.

Let us examine why the other words are not suitable:

• Toppled: This term usually means to fall or push over something. It's often used in a context referring to overthrowing a regime or a government, which doesn't quite fit here.
• Quelled: This means to put an end to or to subdue something, often used in the context of quelling a disturbance or a rebellion. It doesn't fit the context of something naturally decreasing.
• Discarded: This word means to throw something away or to get rid of something. It's generally used in a context different from influence decreasing over time.

Therefore, diminished is the most appropriate choice as it aligns with the context of the man's influence reducing.

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The word "reckless" in the sentence "His reckless remark did not go unnoticed" suggests that the remark was made without careful thought or consideration of the potential consequences. Let's explore the meaning and implications of each option:

• Salient: This word means something that is most noticeable or important. It does not fit well with "reckless," as "salient" emphasizes visibility or prominence, rather than carelessness.
• Considerable: This refers to something that is significant or worthy of attention, often due to its size or importance. It does not match "reckless," because "considerable" does not imply a lack of caution or foresight.
• Taciturn: This describes a person who is reserved or says little. It is almost the opposite of making a "reckless" remark since taciturn people are cautious about speaking.
• Unguarded: This means lacking in caution or care, especially in speech or behavior. It aligns with "reckless" because both suggest speaking without careful thought or control, leading to unintended consequences.

Therefore, the option closest in meaning to "reckless" is unguarded.

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In this context, when we say "The ripe orange was beyond his ______," we refer to something that the person is unable to obtain or access, typically because it is out of their physical range or capability. The most appropriate word to fill in the blank is "reach."

This is because "reach" refers to the capability or extent of one's grasp or influence, often implying that something is too far away to be accessed or obtained. Meanwhile, "touch", "catch", and "pluck" all denote different actions:

• "Touch" means to come into physical contact with something.
• "Catch" implies intercepting or capturing something that is moving.
• "Pluck" means to remove something, typically by pulling with a sudden effort.

Hence, none of these options effectively convey the idea of something being out of one’s capacity to access or obtain, which is what "reach" does. Therefore, the phrase would read: "The ripe orange was beyond his reach."

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The sentence "The teacher believed her students were equal to the task" implies that the teacher had confidence in her students' ability to successfully accomplish the task at hand. This means the teacher thought her students were capable and ready to handle whatever was required to complete the task. Therefore, the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence is that the students were hardworking and dedicated, as it suggests they have the necessary skills and perseverance to succeed in the task. There is no indication in the sentence that the students were young, weak, or not prepared, nor does it suggest that the task was too difficult for them.

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Emphatic stress is the placement of greater stress on a particular word in a sentence or utterance for emphasis, correction or clarification. To test for emphatic stress, the contrasting question should affirm or negate the specific word in capital letters ("DESIGN"). Option D contrasts "design" with "draft," making it the appropriate response to confirm emphasis.

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To determine the best word to complete the sentence, we need to understand the meaning of each option and how it fits within the context of the sentence. The sentence is: "When they started the fighting, the man who tried to ____ was knocked down."

Intrude: This means to enter a place or situation where one is unwelcome or uninvited. It does not specifically relate to stopping a fight.

Interpose: This means to place or insert between one thing and another, which can imply a physical act of stepping between people. However, it can also simply mean to insert a comment or interrupt verbally.

Intervene: This means to come between disputing people or groups with the intention of stopping conflict. It is commonly used when someone steps in to stop a fight.

Obstruct: This means to block or hinder progress. It does not specifically involve stopping a fight between people but rather impeding movement or progress.

In the context of the sentence, the most appropriate word is "intervene". The sentence implies that the man attempted to stop the fight or dispute that started. Using "intervene" makes the sentence logical because the man is trying to stop the fighting and as a result, he was knocked down. "Intervene" is the word that best describes the action of stepping into a conflict to stop it.

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To complete the sentence "You know that you ____ it before tomorrow," we need to choose a verb phrase that correctly conveys an obligation or probability in this context. Let's analyze the options:

1. Might do: This implies a possibility of doing something but with uncertainty. Therefore, it doesn't fit well after "you know" because knowing implies certainty.

2. Ought to do: This implies a recommendation or obligation. "You know that you ought to do it before tomorrow" suggests a sense of necessity or duty that aligns well with "you know."

3. Like to do: This implies a preference, habit, or enjoyment, which doesn't necessarily align with the sense of certainty or requirement implied by "you know."

4. May do: This suggests permission or possibility, which again does not fit well after "you know" due to the lack of certainty or obligation.

Therefore, the best option to complete the sentence, considering the context of certainty or a strong recommendation, is "ought to do." This reflects that there is a known obligation to complete the task before tomorrow.

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To find the word with an opposite meaning (antonym) to the underlined word "invincible," we first need to understand its meaning. The word invincible means too powerful to be defeated or overcome.

1. The word invisible means something that cannot be seen. This is not related to power or the ability to be defeated, hence it's not opposite to "invincible."

2. The word unconquerable means impossible to defeat. This is a synonym, not an antonym, of "invincible."

3. The word vindictive means having a strong or unreasoning desire for revenge. This is unrelated to being unbeatable and thus is not the antonym of "invincible."

4. The word surmountable means able to be overcome or conquered. This is the direct opposite of "invincible," which means too powerful to be defeated.

Therefore, the word that is opposite in meaning to invincible is surmountable because it implies that something can be overcome or defeated.

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In Khadija Abubakar Jalili's novel The Life Changer, the acronym "EMEC" stands for Examination Malpractice and Ethics Committee. This committee is responsible for addressing issues related to unfair practices in examinations. It works to maintain the integrity and ethical standards of the examination process by ensuring that students and educators adhere to the rules and regulations set to promote a fair and honest academic environment. The main function of this committee is to investigate and resolve cases of cheating or other misconduct during examinations.

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The correct completion for the sentence is "Take your share and give them theirs."

Here is why:

• The word "theirs" is a possessive pronoun used to indicate ownership. It means something belongs to "them." In the sentence, "Take your share and give them theirs," it indicates that what you are giving them is their share or portion.
• "Their's" is not a standard form in English. The correct possessive form is "theirs."
• "There" is an adverb that indicates location or existence, such as in "over there" or "there are many flowers." It does not fit the context of ownership in the sentence.
• "There's" is a contraction of "there is" or "there has." It does not make sense in this context where we are talking about possession.

Therefore, the appropriate word to use for indicating possession in the sentence is "theirs."

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The sentence "The government has promised to pay our gratuity, we need to have our fingers crossed," suggests a sense of uncertainty about whether the promise will actually be fulfilled. Therefore, the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence is that we should remain hopeful.

When someone says to "keep your fingers crossed," it means that they are hoping for something positive to happen, despite a degree of uncertainty. It expresses a wishful anticipation that the desired outcome will occur.

Thus, the **underlying idea** in the sentence is to remain hopeful about the promise being fulfilled, acknowledging that there might be a chance it won't happen, but hoping for the best outcome.

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The best option to complete the gap is kennel. A kennel is a place specifically designed to house dogs, providing them with a secure space for resting and staying during the day or night. It is commonly used to keep dogs controlled, ensuring they are safe and unable to cause harm or disturbance. On the other hand, a garage is generally meant for vehicles and may not provide the appropriate environment for a dog. A cage may be used for confinement but is typically smaller and not suitable for long-term housing of dogs. Lastly, a balcony is an open area often exposed to the elements and not an appropriate space to keep a dog for extended periods.

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The correct option to complete the sentence is: comprises.

Here's the explanation:

• The word "comprises" is used correctly when the subject of a sentence includes or consists of certain elements. The basic structure is: "A comprises B." In this case, "The new national security committee comprises retired military personnel."
• The word "comprised" is the past tense of "comprise," and it would indicate a past situation. Since there is no indication that the sentence is referring to the past, "comprises" is more appropriate.
• The option "comprises of" is incorrect because when you use "comprise," you do not follow it with "of." The phrase "comprises of" is not grammatically correct.
• The phrase "is comprising" is also incorrect because "comprise" is typically not used in a progressive tense. The verb "comprise" usually follows the pattern of present tense (comprises) or is used in simple past (comprised) without the auxiliary "is."

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The word "discreet" refers to being careful and prudent in one's speech or actions, especially to avoid causing offense or to gain an advantage. In this context, when we say "Accountants are discreet with their records," it means that they handle their records in a way that is careful and deliberate, ensuring confidentiality and accuracy.

Let's consider the options:

• Rash: This means acting without careful consideration of the possible consequences. It is the opposite of being discreet.
• Strategic: This involves planning and using tactics to achieve a specific goal. While it involves careful planning, it doesn't specifically focus on being careful or prudent with information.
• Wise: This implies having knowledge and good judgment. While related, it doesn't directly capture the element of carefulness or tact in handling information.
• Cautious: This means being careful to avoid potential problems or dangers. It matches the concept of being discreet as it relates to handling records carefully and prudently.

Therefore, the option nearest in meaning to "discreet" in this context is cautious.

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The phrase "driving someone round the bend" is an idiomatic expression that means to cause frustration or distress. While "mad" (option B) might seem like a close option, "causing his parents some problems" is the most accurate choice in this context, as it suggests that the poor performance is creating difficulty for the parents.

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The word "redress" in the context given means seeking to set right a wrong or to obtain satisfaction for a grievance. It involves correcting or remedying something that was unfair or unjust. Let's look at each option:

• Returns: This refers to giving back or coming back. It does not relate to correcting a wrong or seeking justice.
• Appeal: This involves asking a higher authority to review or change a decision. It is related to legal processes but doesn't specifically mean correcting a wrong.
• Judgement: This refers to the decision reached by a court of law. It represents the end result of a legal process, but not necessarily the act of seeking correction itself.
• Compensation: This refers to something, typically money, awarded to someone in recognition of loss, suffering, or injury. This aligns closely with the idea of "redress" as it involves making amends for a wrong or loss.

The option nearest in meaning to "redress" is "Compensation" because both involve the idea of rectifying a wrong or providing a remedy to someone who has been wronged.