WAEC SSCE - Literature In English - 2019

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The play in which characters act through gestures and facial expressions is called pantomime. Pantomime is a type of theater that relies on physical gestures, facial expressions, and body movements to tell a story, rather than dialogue or spoken words. The performers use exaggerated movements and facial expressions to convey emotions, actions, and situations to the audience. Pantomime is often accompanied by music and sound effects to enhance the performance. Overall, pantomime is a unique form of theatrical entertainment that showcases the creativity and physical abilities of the performers.

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The introductory part of a play, novel or poem is called the "prologue". It comes at the beginning of the work and serves to set the stage for the story to come. It may introduce the characters, provide some background information, or set the tone for the work. In some cases, the prologue may also serve as a way to hook the reader or audience and draw them into the story. The prologue is different from the "epilogue", which comes at the end of the work and provides a conclusion or final thoughts. The "plot" refers to the sequence of events that make up the story, while the "setting" refers to the time and place in which the story takes place.

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An elegy is a poem of mourning. It is a type of poem that expresses sorrow or grief over the death of a person or the loss of something significant. Elegies are typically characterized by a somber and reflective tone, and often include themes of loss, sorrow, and the passage of time. They may also incorporate imagery or metaphors related to death or the natural world, as well as references to classical mythology or literature. In summary, an elegy is a poetic form that provides a space for reflection and remembrance in times of grief.

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The term "immediate" in the question suggests that we are looking for an act that directly led to a negative outcome or consequence. Among the unlucky deeds listed, the immediate one is the killing of Desdemona. This is because the murder of Desdemona is the direct cause of the tragic ending of the play, as it leads to the discovery of Iago's lies and the suicide of Othello. The other deeds listed may have contributed to the overall tragic outcome, but they were not the immediate cause of the tragedy. Therefore, the correct answer is: "the killing of Desdemona".

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The literary work which is intended to teach a moral lesson is called a "didactic" work. The word "didactic" comes from the Greek word "didaktikos," which means "apt at teaching." A didactic work is usually written to instruct or educate the reader on a particular topic or to provide guidance on how to live a good life. Didactic works can take many forms, including fables, allegories, parables, and instructional texts. The main purpose of a didactic work is to teach the reader a moral lesson, often through the use of storytelling or allegory. Examples of didactic works include Aesop's Fables, John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, and George Orwell's Animal Farm.

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The phrase "the trees bowed their heads in shame" illustrates personification. Personification is a literary device in which non-human objects or concepts are given human characteristics, such as thoughts, feelings, or actions. In this phrase, the trees are given the human characteristic of bowing their heads, which is typically associated with shame or sadness. Personification is different from alliteration, which is the repetition of the same sound at the beginning of multiple words in a phrase, and assonance, which is the repetition of similar vowel sounds in a phrase. It is also different from paradox, which is a statement that contradicts itself or seems to be false, but may actually be true. In simple terms, the phrase "the trees bowed their heads in shame" is an example of personification, where the trees are given human characteristics.

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The literary device used in the line above is an apostrophe. An apostrophe is a figure of speech in which a speaker addresses an absent person, an abstract quality, or a thing as if it were present and capable of understanding. In this line, the speaker addresses the poet John Milton as if he were present and speaks directly to him. This creates a sense of intimacy and immediacy between the speaker and the poet, and helps to convey the speaker's thoughts and emotions.

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The recurrent device used is apostrophe. This means that the speaker is directly addressing someone who is not present or addressing an abstract idea or inanimate object as if it were a living person. In this case, the speaker is addressing Brabantio, who is not present, as if he were there. This is a common literary device used to create a more emotional or dramatic effect, and can help the audience to better understand the speaker's thoughts and feelings.

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Poetic license is a term applied to a poet's freedom in the use of language. It means that a poet has the liberty to deviate from the normal rules of grammar, language, or structure to create a desired effect in their poetry. This allows the poet to express themselves freely and creatively, and to convey their message or emotions in a unique and powerful way. Poetic license gives poets the room to experiment and play with language to create works of art that are beautiful, meaningful, and memorable.

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The underlined expression "Don't cry over spilt milk" means that it is useful not to bemoan one's loss. It is an idiom used to encourage someone to avoid being upset about something that has already happened and cannot be changed. The expression suggests that crying or being upset will not fix the problem or change the outcome, and it is better to accept the situation and move on. It emphasizes the importance of being practical and not wasting time and energy on things that cannot be changed.

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Dramatis personae refers to the characters in a play, film, or story. It is a Latin term that literally translates to "persons of the drama." It is a list of characters in a play, typically listed in the order of appearance and often including brief descriptions of their personalities and backgrounds. This list helps the reader or audience understand who is who in the story and what role they play.

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A scene in fiction enacting past events is called a flashback. Flashback is a literary device used in literature, films, and television shows where the narrative shifts back in time to show events that happened earlier in the story. It is used to provide background information about the characters, their motives, or to reveal important plot points. For example, in a story about a detective investigating a murder, a flashback might show the victim's last moments before they were killed or a possible motive for the murder. Flashbacks help the reader or viewer understand the story better by filling in gaps in the narrative and providing a deeper understanding of the characters and their motivations.

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The speech is directly addressed to Brabantio. This means that the speaker is speaking directly to Brabantio and not to anyone else in the audience. This can often be seen in plays or speeches where a character is addressing someone by name or using words such as "you" or "thou". In this particular speech, the speaker is addressing Brabantio in an attempt to persuade him or convince him of something.

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The literary device used to enhance sound effect in poetry is alliteration. Alliteration is a technique that involves the repetition of the initial consonant sound in words that are close to each other. This technique is used to create a musical and rhythmic effect, as well as to emphasize certain words or ideas. For example, in the sentence "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers," the repetition of the "p" sound creates a musical and rhythmic effect that makes the sentence more memorable and pleasing to the ear. Alliteration is commonly used in poetry to create a specific tone or mood, and to emphasize certain words or phrases. It is also used to create a sense of unity and coherence within a poem.

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The phrase "He is a citizen of no mean city" illustrates litotes. Litotes is a figure of speech that uses negation to express a positive statement in a less direct or less strong way. In this example, "no mean city" is a double negative that actually means "a great city." The use of litotes in this phrase is intended to emphasize the greatness of the city without using exaggerated or boastful language.

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An interesting event can be referred to as an anecdote. An anecdote is a short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person. It usually focuses on a specific moment or episode that captures the attention of the listener or reader. It may have a moral lesson or simply be told for entertainment purposes. Anecdotes can be used in various settings, including social conversations, speeches, and writing.

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The speaker is Othello.

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The speaker in the extract is Iago and the addressee is Roderigo.

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The stanzas are written in quatrains, which are four-line stanzas. Each stanza in this poem consists of four lines with a consistent rhyme scheme (ABCB) and a consistent meter.

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The speaker in the extract is Othello. This can be inferred from the context of the play "Othello" by William Shakespeare. In Act II, Scene One, Othello is expressing his thoughts and emotions about his current situation. He is speaking about the tumultuous journey he has faced and how he finds peace in the knowledge that his soul is content, even if he were to die. This soliloquy provides insight into Othello's character and the state of his mind at this point in the play.

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In "The Blood of a Stranger" by Dele Charley, the relationship between Santigi and Kindo has a significant impact on the future of Mando land. Santigi, a wealthy and powerful merchant, comes to Mando land to trade and becomes involved in the politics of the community. Kindo, a young man and the son of the community leader, becomes Santigi's protégé and starts to adopt his views and ways of thinking.

As Kindo becomes more influenced by Santigi, he starts to question the traditional ways of his community and becomes more interested in modernization and progress. This creates tension between Kindo and his father, who is committed to preserving the traditional ways of Mando land.

Eventually, Kindo becomes a leader in the community and begins to implement Santigi's ideas, such as building a road through Mando land to facilitate trade. However, this leads to conflict with other communities, who feel that Mando land is becoming too modernized and losing its traditional identity.

The relationship between Santigi and Kindo, therefore, has a profound effect on the future of Mando land, as it brings about significant changes in the community and creates both opportunities and challenges for its people. Ultimately, it highlights the tension between tradition and progress and raises important questions about the role of outsiders in shaping the destiny of a community.

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Asagai is a Nigerian character in Lorraine Hansberry's play "A Raisin in the Sun". He is a significant character in the play, and his role is to serve as a symbol of African heritage and to challenge the Younger family's views on identity and assimilation.

Asagai represents the idealistic views of Pan-Africanism, which advocates for the unity and political independence of African people worldwide. Asagai encourages Beneatha, the Younger family's daughter, to embrace her African roots and reject assimilation into American culture. He teaches her about African culture and language, giving her the African name "Alaiyo," which means "one for whom bread—food— is not enough."

Asagai's character also represents a contrast to the other male characters in the play. He is respectful and thoughtful towards women, in contrast to Walter, who is often harsh towards his wife, Ruth. Asagai is also a contrast to George Murchison, Beneatha's other suitor, who is assimilated into American culture and dismissive of African traditions.

Overall, Asagai's role in the play is to challenge the Younger family's views on assimilation and to encourage them to embrace their African heritage. His character serves as a symbol of African pride and unity, and his teachings to Beneatha encourage her to find her identity and purpose beyond the limitations of American society.

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"The Pulley" is a poem that exemplifies metaphysical poetry in several ways. Here are three features of metaphysical poetry that are evident in the poem:

1. Conceits: Metaphysical poetry often uses extended metaphors or "conceits" to explore complex ideas or emotions. In "The Pulley," the idea of God as a "pulley" is a conceit that runs throughout the poem. The pulley represents God's love for humanity, which is both uplifting and potentially dangerous, since it could lead to pride and self-sufficiency. This conceit helps to explore the tension between humanity's desire for material wealth and the spiritual emptiness that can result from achieving it.

2. Paradoxes: Another feature of metaphysical poetry is the use of paradoxes to express complex or contradictory ideas. In "The Pulley," the paradox of God withholding something from humanity (rest) in order to give them something else (eternal life) is a central theme. The idea that God's love could be both generous and withholding at the same time is a paradox that highlights the complexity of human spirituality.

3. Intellectual Wit: Metaphysical poetry often features intellectual wit, which is characterized by wordplay, puns, and clever metaphors. In "The Pulley," the use of the image of a pulley to represent God's love is a clever metaphor that requires the reader to think beyond the literal meaning of the word. The pun on the word "rest" is another example of intellectual wit, as it plays on the multiple meanings of the word to create a deeper sense of meaning.

Overall, "The Pulley" exhibits several features of metaphysical poetry, including conceits, paradoxes, and intellectual wit. These elements combine to create a complex and thought-provoking poem that explores the relationship between God and humanity.

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In "She Stoops to Conquer," Tony is responsible for the failure of Hastings' plan to elope with Constance. Tony mistakenly sends Hastings and Marlow to the Hardcastle house, thinking it is an inn, and then lies to them about the true identity of the house. This causes a series of misunderstandings that result in Hastings' plan falling apart. Tony is also responsible for convincing Constance to wear a dress that makes her unrecognizable to Hastings, further complicating the situation. While other characters, such as Mrs. Hardcastle and Marlow, contribute to the confusion, Tony's actions ultimately prevent the elopement from occurring.

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In "The Dining Table," the persona expresses a strong resolve to be a revolutionary and fight against the injustices of society. The poem suggests that the persona has become disillusioned with the status quo and is determined to take action to bring about change.

One way in which the persona's resolve is evident is through the use of strong, emotive language throughout the poem. The persona speaks of wanting to "smash every chain," "burn down every house," and "kill every foe." These violent images suggest a deep-seated anger and frustration with the current state of affairs, and a willingness to take extreme measures to bring about change.

Additionally, the persona's resolve is evident in their willingness to sacrifice personal comfort and safety for the sake of the revolution. The poem speaks of being willing to "eat grass" and "drink blood," suggesting a willingness to endure hardship and even risk one's life in pursuit of a greater cause.

Finally, the poem also suggests that the persona's resolve is based on a strong moral conviction. The persona speaks of wanting to "cleanse the land of all filth and pain," and to "give every man his due." This suggests a deep commitment to justice and a desire to create a fairer, more equitable society.

Overall, the persona's resolve to be a revolutionary in "The Dining Table" is evident through their use of strong language, willingness to sacrifice personal comfort, and strong moral conviction. The poem portrays the persona as someone who is deeply committed to bringing about change, no matter what the cost.

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In the poem "Vanity," the poet makes use of rhetorical questions, which are questions asked not to seek an answer, but to make a point or to evoke an emotion. Rhetorical questions are often used to engage the reader and to encourage them to think more deeply about the topic being discussed.

In "Vanity," the poet uses rhetorical questions to challenge the reader's perspectives on the concept of vanity, which is often associated with excessive pride and a focus on one's appearance or achievements. The poet asks questions such as "What is vanity?" and "What does it matter?" to encourage the reader to think about the true nature of vanity and to question the importance placed on superficial qualities.

By using rhetorical questions, the poet is able to create a sense of dialogue with the reader and to encourage them to reflect on the deeper meaning of the poem. Through this technique, the poet is able to convey their message more effectively and to make the reader consider their own thoughts and beliefs on the topic.

In conclusion, the poet's use of rhetorical questions in "Vanity" serves to challenge the reader's perspectives and to encourage deeper reflection on the topic being discussed.

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In The Castle of Otranto, Prince Manfred is plagued by a series of misfortunes, which are believed to be caused by the curse placed upon his family. His son dies unexpectedly, leaving no male heir to inherit the title and property. In an attempt to secure the succession, Manfred plans to divorce his wife and marry Isabella, who is betrothed to his son. When Isabella escapes from the castle, Manfred becomes increasingly desperate and his actions become more ruthless. He orders his men to search for Isabella and kill anyone who stands in their way. Eventually, Manfred's evil deeds catch up with him and he is killed by a giant helmet that falls from the sky, fulfilling the prophecy of the curse. Manfred's downfall is a result of his greed and his willingness to go to any lengths to maintain his power and secure his legacy, regardless of the consequences.

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In "Native Son" by Richard Wright, the main character Bigger Thomas has a negative attitude towards religion. Throughout the book, he sees religion as something that does not bring real change or improvement to the lives of African Americans. He also associates religion with oppression and a way for white people to control and pacify black people. Bigger also feels that religion does not offer any solutions to the poverty and discrimination he experiences, and he ultimately sees it as irrelevant to his life.

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In "Harvest of Corruption" by Frank Ogodo Ogbeche, Ogeyi dislikes Ochuole because she sees her as a corrupt and immoral person. Ochuole is a prostitute who uses her beauty and charm to manipulate men for her own financial gain. Ogeyi is a principled and honest character who believes in hard work and earning money through legitimate means. She is disgusted by Ochuole's lifestyle and views her as a symbol of everything that is wrong with their society. Ogeyi also resents Ochuole for her relationship with her fiancé, ACP Yakubu, whom she believes is being corrupted by Ochuole's influence. Therefore, Ogeyi's dislike of Ochuole stems from her moral objections to her way of life and her concern for the well-being of those around her.

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Tony Lumpkin is a key character in Oliver Goldsmith's play "She Stoops to Conquer," and his actions play a crucial role in shaping the plot. In connection with three mistakes made in the play, Tony is an instrumental character.

Firstly, Tony's mistake in directing Marlow and Hastings to Mr. Hardcastle's house rather than the intended inn results in the confusion that drives much of the play's humor. Tony has a reputation for practical jokes, and this misdirection is one of his most significant. It sets the scene for Marlow and Hastings' assumption that they are staying at an inn rather than at the Hardcastle's home, allowing them to behave inappropriately around Kate and Constance.

Secondly, Tony mistakenly believes that his stepbrother Constance Neville's dowry is in a casket in the possession of Mrs. Hardcastle. As a result, he hatches a plan to steal the casket and thus Constance's dowry. However, Tony's mistake is that he is unaware that the casket's contents have already been removed, and it is empty. This mistake sets the stage for the farcical subplot involving Tony, Constance, and the stolen casket.

Thirdly, Tony's mistake in disguising himself as the highwayman and attempting to rob Marlow and Hastings leads to another series of misunderstandings. Marlow and Hastings assume that the supposed highwayman is a real threat, but Tony's antics turn the situation into a comedy. Tony's antics, combined with his previous mistakes, drive the play's action forward and lead to its eventual resolution.

In summary, Tony Lumpkin's character plays a pivotal role in shaping the events of the play, and his three key mistakes drive much of the humor and confusion that make "She Stoops to Conquer" such an enjoyable and timeless work of comedy.

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In "She Stoops to Conquer," Mr. and Mrs. Hardcastle have different attitudes towards Tony Lumpkin. Mrs. Hardcastle is very protective of Tony and indulges his every whim, even though he is lazy and irresponsible. She spoils him and allows him to do whatever he wants, which often causes problems for the family.

On the other hand, Mr. Hardcastle is frustrated with Tony's behavior and wishes he would take more responsibility for his actions. He is often exasperated by Tony's antics, which include drinking and causing trouble. However, Mr. Hardcastle also loves Tony and wants him to succeed in life.

Overall, Mr. and Mrs. Hardcastle have different attitudes towards Tony Lumpkin, with Mrs. Hardcastle being overly indulgent and Mr. Hardcastle being more concerned about his son's behavior and future.

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In Frost's poem "Birches," the poet uses both sight and sound imagery to vividly describe his memories and musings on birch trees. The use of sight imagery helps the reader to visualize the scenes and experiences described in the poem, while sound imagery helps to create an auditory atmosphere that further immerses the reader in the poem's setting.

The sight imagery in the poem is particularly focused on the visual characteristics of the birch trees, such as their white trunks that "bend" and "sway" in the wind, and their branches that "fill with snow." Frost also describes the patterns of light and shadow created by the trees, as well as the way they look against the backdrop of a blue sky.

Sound imagery is used in the poem to create a sense of atmosphere, such as the "crackling" of the "inner dome of heaven" as ice-covered branches break, or the "whisper" of the wind as it moves through the trees. The poem also uses sound imagery to convey the feeling of movement and action, as when Frost describes swinging on the birch trees and hearing the "swish" and "crack" of the branches.

Overall, Frost's use of sight and sound imagery in "Birches" helps to create a vivid and immersive reading experience that brings the beauty and wonder of birch trees to life.

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In "Harvest of Corruption," several dramatic elements are used to develop the plot. Three of these elements are:


1. Conflict: The play is built around a central conflict between the forces of corruption and those who seek to resist it. This conflict drives the plot forward and creates tension and drama as the characters struggle to navigate the corrupt system.


2. Foreshadowing: The play uses foreshadowing to create suspense and anticipation. Early in the play, we are given hints of the corruption to come, and as the plot unfolds, these hints become more and more ominous. This creates a sense of dread and a desire to see justice done.


3. Irony: The play is full of irony, particularly in its portrayal of the corrupt officials who claim to be working for the good of the people. This irony creates a sense of cynicism and undermines the credibility of those in power. It also highlights the gap between rhetoric and reality in Nigerian politics.


Overall, these three dramatic elements help to develop the plot of "Harvest of Corruption" by creating conflict, suspense, and irony. They also serve to highlight the play's themes of corruption, power, and justice.

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In the novel "Lonely Days" by Bayo Adebowale, the men of Kufi are depicted as behaving in a disrespectful and oppressive manner towards their women. The men in the novel are portrayed as having a patriarchal mindset, where they believe that women are inferior and that they have the right to control and dominate them.

In the novel, the men of Kufi are shown to be abusive towards their wives and daughters, both physically and emotionally. They use their power and influence to control and manipulate the women in their lives, and they do not treat them with respect or dignity.

Additionally, the men of Kufi are shown to be dismissive of the opinions and ideas of the women in their community, and they do not value their contributions. This reinforces their belief in male superiority and reinforces patriarchal norms and values.

In conclusion, the men of Kufi in "Lonely Days" are portrayed as being disrespectful and oppressive towards their women. They are depicted as having a patriarchal mindset, where they believe in male superiority and use their power to control and dominate the women in their lives.

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In "Harvest of Corruption," ACP Yakubu is presented as a corrupt police officer who abuses his power for personal gain. He is depicted as someone who takes bribes and is willing to let criminals go free in exchange for money. ACP Yakubu is also shown to be lazy and incompetent, often relying on his subordinates to do his work for him.

Despite his flaws, ACP Yakubu is also portrayed as someone who is conflicted about his actions. He knows that what he is doing is wrong, but he feels trapped by the system and the pressures of society. He is afraid of losing his job and the status that comes with it.

Overall, ACP Yakubu is a complex character who embodies the corrupt system that the play is criticizing. He is a symbol of the widespread corruption in Nigeria and the difficult choices that people face when trying to do the right thing in a corrupt society.

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In "Harvest of Corruption" by Frank Ogodo Ogbeche, Aloho's tragedy can be largely attributed to the corrupt and dysfunctional society in which she lives. Throughout the play, we see how the system is rigged against ordinary people like Aloho, who are forced to resort to unethical means just to survive.

One way in which the society is to blame is through its lack of opportunities for people like Aloho. As a young woman with few prospects, she is lured into a life of prostitution as a means of making ends meet. This is not a choice she would have made if she had access to education, job opportunities, or other means of support.

Moreover, the play shows how corruption is deeply embedded in the society, with virtually everyone from the police to the judiciary to the political elite being involved in some form of corrupt activity. This makes it difficult for someone like Aloho to seek justice when she is wronged, as the system is inherently biased against her.

Finally, the play also highlights the issue of gender inequality in the society. Aloho's status as a woman makes her particularly vulnerable to exploitation and abuse, as she has little power or agency in a system that is dominated by men.

Overall, while Aloho bears some responsibility for the choices she makes, the society in which she lives plays a significant role in shaping her fate. The play underscores the need for systemic change in order to address the root causes of corruption and inequality.

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In the novel "Faceless" by Amma Darko, Fofo plays a significant role as the main protagonist. Fofo is a young girl who becomes a street child after running away from home due to abuse by her stepfather. Through her experiences, Fofo sheds light on the struggles faced by street children in Accra, Ghana. She is a resilient and determined character who takes matters into her own hands to survive on the streets. Fofo's character is essential in highlighting the harsh realities faced by children living in poverty and the challenges they face in seeking justice and a better life. Her journey also reveals the corrupt systems in place that contribute to the perpetuation of poverty and inequality. Overall, Fofo's character serves as a voice for the voiceless and sheds light on the plight of street children in Ghana.

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The poet in the poem "Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?" is William Shakespeare, and he highlights several defects or imperfections of a summer's day. The first defect is that summer is short-lived, and it is not eternal like the beauty of the person the poet is addressing. The second defect is that summer is often associated with heat and dryness, which can be unpleasant and oppressive. The third defect is that summer is fleeting and fades away, just like the youth and beauty of a person. The poet suggests that the beauty of the person he is addressing is superior to summer because it is more constant, lasting, and unchanging. In conclusion, the poet highlights the defects of a summer's day to emphasize the superiority of the beauty of the person he is addressing.

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In the novel "Native Son" by Richard Wright, the Daltons are portrayed as a wealthy white family who try to appear benevolent towards African Americans but are ultimately blinded by their privilege and prejudice. They are the employers of the main character, Bigger Thomas, and seem to believe that they are helping him and his family by offering him a job and a place to live. However, their actions and attitudes towards Bigger are ultimately harmful and contribute to his tragic fate.

Mr. Dalton, the patriarch of the family, is shown as a wealthy and powerful businessman who tries to use his wealth and influence to help African Americans. He offers Bigger a job as a chauffeur and even donates money to the NAACP. However, his actions are ultimately self-serving and he uses his charity as a way to control and manipulate Bigger.

Mrs. Dalton is portrayed as a blind and naive woman who believes that she can help Bigger by treating him as if he were her own son. She is completely oblivious to the realities of Bigger's life and the racism and violence he faces on a daily basis. Her attempts to be kind to Bigger ultimately backfire and contribute to his downfall.

Overall, the Daltons are portrayed as a symbol of the hypocrisy and blindness of wealthy white society towards the struggles of African Americans. While they may believe that they are helping, their actions ultimately contribute to the oppression and suffering of Bigger and his community.

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Act 1, Scene 1 of Oliver Goldsmith's play "She Stoops to Conquer" provides important information about the characters and the setting of the play, as well as the initial conflict that drives the plot forward.

In this scene, we are introduced to Mr. Hardcastle, a wealthy gentleman who lives in the countryside with his daughter Kate, and his wife. The scene opens with Mr. Hardcastle speaking with his servant Tony Lumpkin, who is described as a mischievous young man with a fondness for practical jokes.

The conflict in this scene arises when Mr. Hardcastle tells Tony that he has arranged for two young gentlemen, Mr. Marlow and Mr. Hastings, to visit his home and meet Kate. However, Tony has different plans and decides to play a trick on the young gentlemen by directing them to an inn instead of Mr. Hardcastle's house.

This information advances the plot by setting up the initial conflict of the play, which revolves around the miscommunication and misunderstandings that arise between the characters. The information also provides important background information about the characters and their relationships, which will become important as the play progresses.

In simple terms, Act 1, Scene 1 provides the foundation for the events that will take place in the rest of the play by introducing the main characters, setting the stage for the initial conflict, and establishing the mischievous nature of Tony Lumpkin.

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In the poem "Vanity", the poet expresses a negative attitude towards African traditional culture. The poet uses the image of a woman painting her face with white clay and wearing colorful beads as a symbol of the superficiality and vanity of African traditions. The poet suggests that these traditions are not worth preserving because they are a form of self-deception and do not have any real value. The poet implies that African traditional culture is primitive and outdated, and should be replaced with modern Western culture. Overall, the poet's attitude towards African traditional culture is dismissive and condescending.

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In "Lonely Days" by Bayo Adebowale, Yaremi's marriage is a central theme of the novel. Yaremi was married to Ajumobi, a farmer who died after a brief illness. After Ajumobi's death, Yaremi was left with the responsibility of raising their children and managing their farm.

Yaremi's marriage to Ajumobi was not a happy one. Although they had seven children together, Yaremi felt unfulfilled and lonely in her marriage. Ajumobi was often away from home for long periods, and when he was home, he was distant and uncommunicative. Yaremi also struggled with the fact that she was unable to have more children after her seventh child was born.

Despite her unhappiness, Yaremi remained faithful to her husband and dedicated herself to their family and their farm. After Ajumobi's death, she faced challenges from the community, who believed that she should remarry. However, Yaremi was reluctant to remarry, feeling that she was too old and set in her ways to adapt to a new husband.

Overall, Yaremi's marriage in "Lonely Days" is characterized by loneliness and unfulfillment. Despite this, Yaremi remains a strong and resilient character who perseveres in the face of adversity.

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In "A Raisin in the Sun," Mama and Beneatha are two very different characters. Mama is the matriarch of the family and is deeply religious and traditional. She values family and wants to use the insurance money to buy a house for her family to live in. Mama is practical and has a strong sense of right and wrong.
Beneatha, on the other hand, is Mama's daughter and is a very modern and independent woman. She is interested in exploring her African heritage and wants to become a doctor. Beneatha is frustrated with the traditional roles that women are expected to play and is more interested in breaking free from these constraints.
Despite their differences, both Mama and Beneatha are strong and determined women who want what is best for their family. Mama wants to provide a stable home for her family, while Beneatha wants to pursue her dreams and break free from societal expectations. Ultimately, both characters are fighting for their family's future, but they have different ideas about how to achieve it.

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In Lorraine Hansberry's play "A Raisin in the Sun," Mama and Travis have a close and loving relationship. Mama is Travis's grandmother and guardian, and she is deeply devoted to him. Throughout the play, Mama's interactions with Travis reveal her maternal instincts and her desire to provide him with a better life than she had.

Mama is a strong and loving figure in Travis's life, and he looks up to her as a source of guidance and support. She is patient and understanding with him, even when he misbehaves, and she shows him unconditional love and affection. Mama also takes on the responsibility of disciplining Travis and teaching him important values and lessons.

Travis, in turn, has a deep respect and affection for Mama. He is eager to please her and make her proud, and he values her wisdom and guidance. Travis's interactions with Mama highlight the importance of family and the bonds that exist between generations.

Overall, the relationship between Mama and Travis is one of love, respect, and mutual support. It is a reflection of the themes of family and community that are central to the play, and it underscores the importance of nurturing and supporting the next generation.

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In "The Blood of a Stranger" by Dele Charley, the shrine plays a significant role in the culture of Mando Land. The shrine is a sacred place where people go to worship their ancestors and seek their guidance and protection. It is considered the center of their religious and cultural practices.

The shrine is also a symbol of the people's connection to their ancestors and their land. It represents their history, traditions, and values. The people of Mando Land believe that their ancestors have the power to influence their lives, and so they offer sacrifices and prayers to them at the shrine.

Moreover, the shrine serves as a source of power and authority for the ruler of Mando Land. The ruler is believed to have a direct connection with the ancestors, and so he is seen as a mediator between the living and the dead. His authority is based on his ability to communicate with the ancestors and to interpret their will.

In summary, the shrine in Mando Land represents the people's connection to their ancestors, their history, traditions, and values. It is a place of worship, sacrifice, and communication with the ancestors. It is also a source of power and authority for the ruler of Mando Land.

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The tone of the poem "Ambush" can be described as serious and tense. This is conveyed through the use of words and phrases that suggest danger, fear, and uncertainty. For example, the poet describes the ambush as "a trap set to ensnare" and the soldiers as being "on edge."

The mood of the poem is one of fear and unease. The poet creates a sense of uncertainty and danger, as the soldiers are waiting for the enemy to attack. The atmosphere is tense and the soldiers are on high alert, ready for any sudden movement. This creates a feeling of anxiety and fear for the soldiers and the reader.

Overall, the tone and mood of "Ambush" are serious, tense, and fearful, creating an atmosphere of uncertainty and danger.

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In "A Raisin in the Sun," Beneatha has two potential love interests: Joseph Asagai and George Murchison. Beneatha's relationship with Joseph is based on shared values and a desire to explore their African heritage. Joseph is from Nigeria and encourages Beneatha to embrace her roots and pursue her dream of becoming a doctor. Their relationship is characterized by mutual respect and a deep intellectual connection.

On the other hand, Beneatha's relationship with George is more superficial. George comes from a wealthy family and is more interested in social status than intellectual pursuits. He looks down on Beneatha's interest in African culture and sees her as a novelty. Beneatha is initially attracted to George's wealth and sophistication, but she soon realizes that they have little in common.

Overall, Beneatha's relationships with Joseph and George represent two different paths that she could take in her life. Joseph represents the possibility of a deeper connection based on shared values and a desire to make a difference in the world. George, on the other hand, represents the allure of wealth and social status, but ultimately proves to be incompatible with Beneatha's values and aspirations.

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In the novel "Faceless" by Amma Darko, parental negligence is a major theme that is explored throughout the story. It refers to the lack of attention, care, and responsibility shown by parents towards their children.

In the novel, several characters experience parental neglect, including the protagonist, Adjoa, who is abandoned by her parents and forced to live on the streets. The other characters also face similar situations, such as being neglected by their parents due to poverty, drug abuse, or other personal issues.

This neglect has a significant impact on the lives of these characters, leading to various negative consequences such as poverty, abuse, and exploitation. The lack of parental guidance and support also contributes to their vulnerability and difficulty in making positive life choices.

In conclusion, parental negligence is a prominent theme in "Faceless" and is depicted as a major issue affecting the lives of the characters in the novel.

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In the play "The Blood of a Stranger" by Dele Charley, King Santigi V is portrayed as an unwise ruler. An unwise ruler is someone who lacks good judgement and makes poor decisions that harm their people and kingdom.

In the play, King Santigi V is depicted as a ruler who is more concerned with his own power and wealth than with the well-being of his people. He is shown to be selfish and greedy, making decisions that benefit himself rather than his kingdom. For example, he orders the execution of a young man without any evidence of guilt, which causes fear and unrest among his people.

Furthermore, King Santigi V is shown to be dismissive of the advice and warnings of his advisors and is unable to see the consequences of his actions. This leads to further trouble for his kingdom, as his unwise decisions create division and conflict among his people.

In conclusion, King Santigi V is portrayed as an unwise ruler in "The Blood of a Stranger." He is depicted as being selfish, greedy, and lacking good judgement, making decisions that harm his kingdom and people.

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Agbogbloshie Market is significant in the novel "Faceless" by Amma Darko because it serves as a symbol of the social, economic, and political issues facing the people of Ghana. The market is a place where people come to buy and sell goods, but it is also a place where poverty, corruption, and exploitation are rampant.

The novel portrays the market as a hub of criminal activities such as drug trafficking and prostitution, which are fueled by poverty and desperation. The market also serves as a meeting place for the homeless and the destitute who struggle to survive in a society that has failed them.

Through the character of Maa Tsuru, a prostitute and mother of the murdered girl, the author shows how women are particularly vulnerable to exploitation and abuse in the market. Maa Tsuru is a victim of rape and domestic violence, and her daughter is ultimately killed because of the dangerous environment of the market.

Furthermore, the market represents the failure of the government to provide basic services and infrastructure to its citizens. The lack of sanitation and access to clean water leads to the spread of diseases and environmental degradation. The market also highlights the corruption of government officials who turn a blind eye to the illegal activities in the market in exchange for bribes.

Overall, Agbogbloshie Market in "Faceless" is a powerful symbol of the social, economic, and political challenges facing Ghana and other developing countries.

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Theodore is a significant character in Horace Walpole's novel "The Castle of Otranto." He is a virtuous and heroic young man who plays a central role in unraveling the mystery of the castle and defeating the tyrannical Manfred.

Theodore is initially introduced as a peasant boy who is taken in by Manfred's daughter, Matilda. He is depicted as kind, intelligent, and courageous, and he quickly becomes involved in the complex and sinister events unfolding at the castle. As the story progresses, Theodore's true identity is revealed, and he is revealed to be the rightful heir to the castle.

Theodore's role in the novel is that of a classic hero, who is brave, resourceful, and determined in the face of adversity. He is instrumental in defeating the supernatural forces that threaten the castle and its inhabitants and serves as a symbol of hope and justice. His character also represents the ideals of nobility and honor, as he is willing to risk his own safety to protect others and to fight for what is right.

Overall, Theodore's role in "The Castle of Otranto" is that of a heroic figure who embodies the virtues of courage, honor, and justice. His character is essential to the novel's themes of morality and the battle between good and evil, and his actions ultimately lead to the downfall of the tyrannical Manfred and the restoration of order and justice to the castle.

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The theme of deceit and intrigue is prominent in Dele Charley's play "The Blood of a Stranger." The play depicts a village community that is torn apart by greed, betrayal, and the lust for power. The main character, King, uses deceitful tactics to maintain his grip on power, including lying to his people, manipulating those around him, and even resorting to murder.

Intrigue is also a central element of the play, as the characters scheme and plot against each other to gain power and wealth. The arrival of the stranger, who is seeking revenge for the murder of his brother, adds to the sense of mystery and intrigue, as his true intentions are not immediately clear.

The theme of deceit and intrigue is portrayed through the use of dramatic irony and foreshadowing, which build tension and suspense throughout the play. The characters' motivations and actions are often ambiguous, leaving the audience to question their true intentions and allegiances.

Overall, the theme of deceit and intrigue in "The Blood of a Stranger" highlights the destructive nature of greed and the corrupting influence of power. It also underscores the importance of trust, honesty, and integrity in maintaining a healthy and prosperous community.