JAMB UTME - Use of English - 2024

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In English grammar, when we refer to hypothetical or unreal situations, especially when expressing actions or states using 'as if', we often use the subjunctive mood. The subjunctive mood reflects wishes, hypotheticals, demands, or suggestions. In this case, "treats people as if she _____ better than they are," denotes a hypothetical situation. **Maryam is not actually better; it is just a hypothetical situation.**

For such hypotheticals in English, we typically use 'were,' regardless of whether the subject is singular or plural. Hence, the correct completion of the sentence is, Maryam, the girl in my neighbourhood, treats people as if she **were** better than they are.

Thus, "**were**" effectively completes the sentence because it aligns with the grammatical rules applied for hypothetical or unlikely conditions. This makes **"were"** the correct choice.

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To identify the vowel sound, let's first isolate the vowel sound in the word "busy," which is represented by the "u" and pronounced as /ɪ/. This is similar to the "i" in "bit" or "sit".

Now, let's analyze each option:

• Vineyard: The "i" in "vineyard" sounds like /ɪ/, similar to the "i" in "bit" or "sit," which is the same as "busy".
• Automobile: The vowels sound like /ɔː/, /ə/, /ʊ/, which don't match the /ɪ/ sound in "busy".
• Twilight: The "i" here sounds like /aɪ/ as in "light," which is different from the /ɪ/ sound in "busy".
• Island: The "i" sounds like /aɪ/ as in "high," which is also different from the /ɪ/ sound in "busy".

Therefore, **"vineyard"** has the same vowel sound as the word "busy".

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The sentence "Let this case stand over for the present, the lawyer pleaded" means that the lawyer is requesting for the case to be postponed or deferred to a later date, rather than addressing it immediately or removing it entirely from consideration.

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The word bequeathed means to leave something, usually in a will, to a person or beneficiary after someone's death. In this context, it implies that the owner has decided to transfer or hand over ownership of the company to his last daughter. Therefore, the option that is nearest in meaning to bequeathed is left.

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The correct option to complete the sentence is "up". In the context of the sentence, "bringing up old memories" means mentioning or recalling memories that have happened in the past. The phrasal verb "bring up" is commonly used when you want to talk about starting to talk about a certain topic or subject.

The other options don't fit well in this context:

• "in" - "Bringing in" is typically used when you want to state that something is being brought to a place or included, but it doesn’t logically fit in the context of recollecting memories.
• "down" - "Bringing down" usually means to reduce or cause to fall, which is unrelated to recalling memories.
• "over" - "Bringing over" often refers to physically taking someone or something to a place, but not in the context of discussing or remembering memories.

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The word "derelict" refers to something that has been abandoned and is in a poor or neglected state. It is often used to describe buildings or structures that are no longer in use and have fallen into disrepair.

• The word "moribund" describes something that is at the point of death or is in decline but does not necessarily imply abandonment or neglect.
• The word "glamorous" describes something that is charmingly or fascinatingly attractive, which is the opposite of the meaning of "derelict".
• The word "enlivened" refers to something that has been made lively or spirited, which also contradicts the meaning of "derelict".
• The word "titivated" means to make something more attractive by adding decorations, which is also opposite to being abandoned or neglected.

The option nearest in meaning to "derelict" is "moribund" because it suggests decline, although it doesn't specifically indicate abandonment. The context of the phrase suggests that the fire station is not only neglected but also likely to be in a state of disrepair, which aligns more closely with "moribund" than the other options.

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To determine the correct word to fill in the blank, let's analyze the sentence structure and the options given:

The subject of the sentence is "touts." The word "touts" is a plural noun, meaning it refers to more than one person. Therefore, any verb that accompanies it must also agree with its plural form.

Let's examine the options:

• "were" - This is the past tense form of the verb "to be" that is used with plural nouns. E.g., "They were happy."
• "was" - This is the past tense form of the verb "to be" used with singular nouns or singular third-person subjects. E.g., "He was happy."
• "where" - This is used to indicate a place or position, not a verb.
• "is" - This is the present tense singular form of the verb "to be" and does not match the past tense context of the sentence.

Based on the analysis, the most suitable option is "were." The sentence should read: "The touts were arrested during the riot." This fits because "were" is the correct past tense form of the verb "to be" for plural subjects. The use of "were" indicates that the action occurred in the past, and it agrees with the plural noun "touts."

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The word "stretch" in the context "Ayo does regular exercise to stretch his mind" implies making the mind more flexible or broadening its capabilities. When we "stretch" something, we are essentially looking to expand or extend it beyond its current state.

To find the opposite of "stretch," we should look for a word that conveys the idea of limiting or narrowing rather than broadening.

Let's consider the options:

• "Enrich": This means to improve or enhance the quality or value of something, which aligns more with the idea of "stretch" rather than opposing it.
• "Expand": This also aligns with "stretch" as it means to increase in size, volume, or scope.
• "Conscript": While this word doesn't have a direct opposition to "stretch", it refers to enrolling someone compulsorily, specifically into the army. It does not particularly relate to stretching the mind.
• "Restrict": This means to limit or control the extent or range of something. **This is the opposite of "stretch"** because it implies reducing or narrowing, rather than expanding.

Therefore, the word that is opposite in meaning to "stretch" is "restrict".

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Notes of Salvation is a euphemism for the cheat notes that Kola passed to Salma during the examination. It helps to reduce the unpleasantness of what the cheat notes represent. 

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The word "tinge" in the phrase refers to a **slight or small amount of something**. Therefore, the option that is nearest in meaning to "tinge" is **tint**. A "tint" can also mean a small amount of color, just as a "tinge" can refer to a small amount of influence or quality.

Let me break it down further for you:

• **Tint**: Refers to a slight color or a small degree of a particular quality.
• **Tray**: This is a flat object used for carrying items, which doesn?t relate to "tinge."
• **Tract**: This generally refers to an area of land or a large piece of written work, which doesn?t fit the meaning of "tinge."
• **Mold**: This can refer to a fungus or a form/shaping element, which also doesn?t match the concept of "tinge" in this context.

Thus, out of all the options, the word that is synonymous in meaning to "tinge" is **tint**. Both suggest a small or slight amount of something.

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In the sentence "Why do children _____ adults' conversations?", the most suitable verb is "break into". This is because "to break into" is a phrasal verb that means to enter or join a situation suddenly or unexpectedly. In the context of conversations, it refers to a sudden or unsolicited interruption.

Let's briefly examine the other options:

Break up: This usually means to end or separate (commonly used with relationships or groups), and it does not fit well with the sentence.

Break down: This typically refers to something failing or ceasing to function (like a machine or discussing emotions), which does not make sense in the given context.

Break off: This often means to end or pause something abruptly, like a conversation. However, it implies a deliberate action to stop rather than interrupt.

Therefore, "break into" is the most appropriate completion because it accurately describes the action of a child interrupting or joining an ongoing conversation suddenly.

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The best option to complete the gap is "Look up."

Explanation:

When you want to find the meaning, synonym, or other information about a word, you use the phrase "Look up." This is a common phrase used when referring to searching for something specific in a reference source, like a dictionary or thesaurus. Here, you are being asked to look up the word in the Thesaurus to find more information about it, such as its synonyms. Thus, the correct completion of the sentence is to "Look up the word in the Thesaurus!"

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The word "productivity" consists of five syllables: pro-duc-tiv-i-ty. To determine the correct stress pattern, it is essential to understand where the emphasis naturally falls in standard English pronunciation.

The most appropriate stress pattern for "productivity" is producTIvity. In English, multi-syllable words commonly have one syllable that is emphasized more than the others. For "productivity," the stress falls on the third syllable "TIv". This is because "productivity" follows a common stress pattern in English where the emphasis is placed on the antepenultimate syllable (the third syllable from the end) in words with more than three syllables.

Therefore, the correct stress pattern for "productivity" emphasizes the third syllable, making it producTIvity.

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To determine the correct order of adjectives in a sentence, it is important to follow the hierarchy that native English speakers intuitively recognize, known as the "order of adjectives." According to the order of adjectives, adjectives are generally placed in the following sequence:

1. Quantity or number
2. Quality or opinion
3. Size
4. Age
5. Shape
6. Color
7. Origin
8. Material
9. Purpose or qualifier

In the options given, we need to sequence the adjectives "shiny," "new," and "red," to describe a “lunch pack.” Here’s how it fits:

• "New" - This adjective refers to the age of the lunch pack; it comes before color and quality.
• "Shiny" - While "shiny" relates to the quality or appearance, adjectives denoting a quality or opinion are commonly placed before color in the adjective hierarchy.
• "Red" - This adjective denotes color and typically comes after descriptors of age and quality.

Therefore, the correct sequence is, "Put Chioma's meal in the shiny, new, red lunch pack." This order follows the standard convention for arranging multiple adjectives in English.

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The phrase "travelling across several labyrinths" typically indicates that the journey was complex, confusing, and full of twists and turns, much like navigating a labyrinth or maze. This suggests that the journey was not straightforward or direct. Therefore, this expression best aligns with the idea that they had a complicated and tortuous journey through the bush. The use of the word "labyrinths" evokes the image of a winding and intricate path, emphasizing the challenging nature of the journey.

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When looking for a specific book, you typically want to search either by the book's title or by the author's name. A reverse catalogue doesn't relate to direct searching methods for books in a library, nor does a borrower's catalogue, which would more likely relate to users of the library rather than the books themselves. A dictionary catalogue is a method in which entries are arranged in dictionary order, combining subjects, titles, and authors, but these are more detailed and comprehensive. However, if you are specifically looking for a book based on its title, you would use a title catalogue. This type of catalogue is designed to help you locate a book when you know what the title is.

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The phrase "given a free hand" means being granted the autonomy or freedom to make decisions and manage something without interference. Hence, option A correctly explains the conveyed meaning.

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The option that best completes the gap is "The city of Abuja."

The correct phrase here is "The city of Abuja" because:

• "The city of Abuja" uses the article "the," which specifies a particular city, making the statement clear and precise.
• The word "city" is appropriately placed to refer to Abuja as an urban area, which is necessary to make the sentence grammatically correct and contextually accurate.

Let's compare this with the other options:

• "A city of Abuja" - The article "a" suggests any city, which gives an ambiguous meaning since it doesn't specify that we are talking about Abuja being recognized as a city.
• "City of Abuja" - This lacks an article ("the" or "a"), making the phrase incomplete. Articles are important to make a noun phrase grammatically correct.
• "Abuja of a city" - This arrangement doesn't make grammatical or logical sense. The phrase appears jumbled and confusing.

Therefore, the most grammatically sound and contextually appropriate choice is "The city of Abuja."

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The sentence "I can't lend him my books. I ______ know him." is meant to express the idea that the speaker does not have enough familiarity or trust with the person in question to lend their books.

The best choice to complete the sentence is "scarcely". This is because "scarcely" means almost not or barely, indicating a very low level of knowing or familiarity. Thus, it implies that the speaker knows the person just a little, which aligns with the reason they are hesitant to lend their books.

To clarify the other options:
- "Often" suggests a frequent occurrence, which is not fitting because the sentence conveys a lack of familiarity.

- "Seldom" means not often, and while it may indicate infrequency, it is not as strong as 'scarcely' in expressing minimal familiarity.

- "Rarely" is also more infrequent than "seldom," yet it doesn't convey the minimal familiarity as effectively as "scarcely."

Therefore, "scarcely" is the best word to complete this sentence because it most accurately communicates a low level of acquaintance or trust.

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The phrase that best completes the sentence is "very first party dress". Here’s why:

When constructing a sentence, it is essential to follow the correct order of adjectives. English has a typical order for adjectives when more than one is used for a noun. The order goes as follows: opinion, size, age, shape, color, origin, material, and purpose.

In this case, the adjective "first" refers to the order or sequence (a kind of number), while "very" is an adverb modifying "first," and "party" indicates the purpose of the dress. Therefore, "very first" precedes "party dress" to correctly describe the item being purchased.

Thus, the correct phrase is "very first party dress", describing the specific dress which Sally helped you buy.

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The passage is discussing how languages are associated with specific territories on maps, and it illustrates this by describing how most of North America is labeled for English and other languages in specific regions. In this context, the correct option for the gap labeled 9 is "coded". The word "**coded**" effectively conveys the idea of assigning or representing a particular language as predominant in a specific area on a map. This term aligns with the passage's description of how territories are designated or labeled with languages, similar to creating a visual representation of language distribution.

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In the passage, the word "destined" refers to the predetermined fate or purpose of the eggs in the honeybee colony. It mentions that "eggs destined to become queens" are deposited in queen cells, meaning these eggs are predetermined to develop into queens.

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"The quiet one" was named Talle on account of the fact that his mother died shortly after his birth. This can be found on page 21 of the novel. 

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To fill the gap labelled 12 effectively, we need to understand the function that language maps perform beyond just informing us about global language distributions. They shape our understanding of how language and territory are connected. This involves engaging in a process of discussion and thought around the role of language in society and its spatial distribution.

The word "discursive" is most appropriate here because it pertains to discourse or modes of discourse. It refers to the way in which topics or subjects are talked about and discussed. In this context, language maps go beyond a simple informational purpose and fulfil a function related to discourse on language, territory, and their interrelation. They are part of the broader conversation and conceptual framework that connects linguistic practices to specific geographical areas.

The other options don't fit as well because "interactive" implies engaging with or involving an active exchange, "intuitive" implies something that is easily understandable without conscious reasoning, and "reclusive" suggests avoiding interaction, all of which do not accurately describe the role that language maps play in shaping discourse about language-territory relations.

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The word prosperous means being successful, especially in terms of wealth or finances. When someone is referred to as a prosperous lawyer, it indicates that they are financially successful and probably earns a substantial income from their legal practice.

To find a word with the opposite meaning, look for a term that indicates a lack of financial success or wealth. Here's an analysis of the options:

• Affluent: This means wealthy or having a great deal of money. It is a synonym rather than an antonym.
• Poor: This means lacking sufficient money to live at a standard considered comfortable or normal in a society. It indicates financial difficulty, which is the direct opposite of prosperous.
• Stagnant: This means showing no activity or change, especially regarding economic growth. Though it may suggest inactivity, it does not specifically mean lacking wealth.
• Luxurious: This means characterized by luxury or given to a life of luxury. It implies a high standard of living, similar to prosperity.

Based on the meanings, the option that is directly opposite to prosperous is poor, because while prosperous indicates wealth and success, poor indicates a lack of financial resources.

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The sentence "It is not in my place to keep late, no matter what happens" conveys the idea of a personal principle or belief regarding punctuality or staying late. It suggests that the speaker has a strong stance against staying late regardless of the circumstances. The best explanation is that the speaker has a self-imposed rule or personal boundary that dictates punctuality or avoiding staying late. This emphasizes a commitment to being on time or leaving at an appropriate time.

The most appropriate option would be: I am not used to keeping late, which indicates a habitual or personal principle that they adhere to. This aligns with the sentiment expressed in the sentence about not keeping late "no matter what happens," emphasizing a strong personal conviction.

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To find the word with an opposite meaning (antonym) to the underlined word "invincible," we first need to understand its meaning. The word invincible means too powerful to be defeated or overcome.

1. The word invisible means something that cannot be seen. This is not related to power or the ability to be defeated, hence it's not opposite to "invincible."

2. The word unconquerable means impossible to defeat. This is a synonym, not an antonym, of "invincible."

3. The word vindictive means having a strong or unreasoning desire for revenge. This is unrelated to being unbeatable and thus is not the antonym of "invincible."

4. The word surmountable means able to be overcome or conquered. This is the direct opposite of "invincible," which means too powerful to be defeated.

Therefore, the word that is opposite in meaning to invincible is surmountable because it implies that something can be overcome or defeated.

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In Khadija Abubakar Jalili's "The Life Changer," the "Note of Salvation" refers specifically to the cheat notes that Kolawole Abdul passed to Salma. These notes were intended to help Salma during an examination by providing her with the answers she needed. It was a clandestine method of cheating, aiming to ensure her success in the exam.

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To complete the sentence accurately, we need to choose the word that correctly aligns with the context of an increase in occurrences over time. Here are the meanings of the options provided:

• Incident: This refers to a single event or occurrence. Although it relates to an event, it does not emphasize frequency or rate. Therefore, it doesn't fit the sentence that implies an increasing trend.
• Accident: This refers to an unexpected event, often causing harm or injury. It is not specific to trends or rates, so it doesn't fit well with the sentence’s meaning that indicates continuous increase.
• Incidence: This refers to the frequency or rate of occurrence of something, especially when describing how common particular events or cases are over a certain period. Since the sentence is about the **increase** in occurrences of armed robbery, this option fits perfectly as it relates to the number of times an event happens.
• Accidence: This refers to the part of grammar that deals with inflections. It is not related in any way to describing an increase in events.

Therefore, "The incidence of armed robbery has been on the increase." is the most suitable completion for the sentence because it specifically denotes the rate or **occurrence of a phenomenon, highlighting that it is rising.**

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In this context, when we say "The ripe orange was beyond his ______," we refer to something that the person is unable to obtain or access, typically because it is out of their physical range or capability. The most appropriate word to fill in the blank is "reach."

This is because "reach" refers to the capability or extent of one's grasp or influence, often implying that something is too far away to be accessed or obtained. Meanwhile, "touch", "catch", and "pluck" all denote different actions:

• "Touch" means to come into physical contact with something.
• "Catch" implies intercepting or capturing something that is moving.
• "Pluck" means to remove something, typically by pulling with a sudden effort.

Hence, none of these options effectively convey the idea of something being out of one’s capacity to access or obtain, which is what "reach" does. Therefore, the phrase would read: "The ripe orange was beyond his reach."

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The word "buoy" contains the vowel sound represented by the letters "uoy," which creates a diphthong that sounds like "oi" or "oy." This specific sound can be heard in the word "boy" where the "oy" produces the same diphthong.

Therefore, the option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined in "buoy" is "boy," because both share the same "oi" diphthong sound.

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To find the option with the same consonant sound as the one underlined in "Yesterday," we first need to identify the specific consonant sound in question. The word "Yesterday" begins with the letter 'Y'. In "Yesterday," the 'Y' represents a consonant sound similar to the first sound in the word "yes." This sound is called a voiced palatal approximant and is represented by the phonetic symbol /j/ in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).

Let's examine each given option:

1. Jam: The word "Jam" begins with the consonant sound /d?/, which is different from the /j/ sound we find at the beginning of "Yesterday."

2. Union: The word "Union" begins with the consonant sound /j/, which is the same as the sound at the start of "Yesterday." It is also the voiced palatal approximant.

3. Jump: The word "Jump" begins with the consonant sound /d?/, differing from the /j/ sound in "Yesterday."

4. Umbrella: The word "Umbrella" begins with the vowel sound /?/ or /?/ depending on the accent, and it does not have a 'Y' consonantal sound at the beginning.

In conclusion, the option that has the same consonant sound as the beginning of the word "Yesterday" is Union because it correctly starts with the /j/ sound, which is the voiced palatal approximant sound represented by the letter 'Y' in "Yesterday."

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The correct completion for the sentence is "Take your share and give them theirs."

Here is why:

• The word "theirs" is a possessive pronoun used to indicate ownership. It means something belongs to "them." In the sentence, "Take your share and give them theirs," it indicates that what you are giving them is their share or portion.
• "Their's" is not a standard form in English. The correct possessive form is "theirs."
• "There" is an adverb that indicates location or existence, such as in "over there" or "there are many flowers." It does not fit the context of ownership in the sentence.
• "There's" is a contraction of "there is" or "there has." It does not make sense in this context where we are talking about possession.

Therefore, the appropriate word to use for indicating possession in the sentence is "theirs."

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The best option to complete the gap is kennel. A kennel is a place specifically designed to house dogs, providing them with a secure space for resting and staying during the day or night. It is commonly used to keep dogs controlled, ensuring they are safe and unable to cause harm or disturbance. On the other hand, a garage is generally meant for vehicles and may not provide the appropriate environment for a dog. A cage may be used for confinement but is typically smaller and not suitable for long-term housing of dogs. Lastly, a balcony is an open area often exposed to the elements and not an appropriate space to keep a dog for extended periods.

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The word "permit" has a specific sound pattern. To determine which word rhymes with "permit," we need to focus on the last syllable of the word. In "permit," the sound is "-mit." For two words to rhyme, they usually have the same ending sound.

Let's analyze the options:

• Enlist: Ends with "-list." This does not rhyme with "-mit" because the vowel and consonant sounds differ.
• Commit: Ends with "-mit." This perfectly matches the ending sound of "permit," creating a rhyme.
• Meat: Ends with "-eat." The vowel sound here is different from "-mit," so it does not rhyme.
• Profit: Ends with "-fit." Although it shares the "-it" sound, the preceding consonant sound is different, making it not a perfect rhyme with "-mit."

Therefore, the word that rhymes with "permit" is "commit" because both share the same ending sound "-mit."

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"In spite of" is used to show contrast with something (in this case, Okupe's lateness). The phrase means that despite being late, Okupe still benefited from the coaching.

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Emphatic stress is the placement of greater stress on a particular word in a sentence or utterance for emphasis, correction or clarification. To test for emphatic stress, the contrasting question should affirm or negate the specific word in capital letters ("DESIGN"). Option D contrasts "design" with "draft," making it the appropriate response to confirm emphasis.

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The word "grotesque" refers to something that is distorted, strange, or ugly in an exaggerated or unnatural way. It often implies a strange and unpleasant appearance. When we look at the options given:

• Beautiful: This describes something that is pleasing and attractive, which is the opposite of grotesque.
• Splendid: This suggests something that is magnificent or very impressive, not fitting for the meaning of grotesque.
• Horrid: This word means extremely unpleasant or ugly, which aligns very well with the idea of being grotesque.
• Fine: This refers to something of high quality or delicate, again, the opposite of grotesque.

Therefore, the option that is nearest in meaning to "grotesque" is "horrid" because both imply something that is unpleasant or unattractive.

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The word "extinguish" typically refers to the act of putting out something like a fire, or in this case, turning off lights. When we search for the opposite meaning, we are looking for a word or phrase that conveys the idea of activating or starting something.

Analyzing the options provided:

1. "Turn off" means to deactivate or stop something from functioning. This does not represent the opposite of extinguishing, as they both suggest a stopping action.

2. "Turn out" is more commonly used for lights meaning to extinguish or turn off, similar to "extinguish."

3. "Switch on" refers to activating or starting something, like turning on a light. This is the opposite of "extinguish."

4. "Switch off" is similar in meaning to "extinguish," as it suggests stopping or deactivating lights or electrical devices.

Thus, the option that is opposite in meaning to "extinguish" is "switch on", as it involves starting or turning on something instead of stopping it.

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To choose the most appropriate option to fill the gap labeled 12, we need to consider the context of the sentence. The passage is discussing how a person can locate a book in a library, particularly focusing on the tools and aids available in the library shelves that help in finding books.

The sentence in question states that "all the shelves have instructions and numbers regarding the books on them." This indicates that there must be some sort of guide or aid present on the shelves that provide information about the books located there. The options provided are:

• card's guide
• author's guide
• shelf-guides
• book-guides

Let's analyze the options:

card's guide: This option seems less fitting because it specifically refers to cards, whereas the sentence is describing information or guides related to the shelves.

author's guide: While authorship might be a classification criteria in libraries, an "author's guide" would typically refer to guiding information about authors themselves, not about locating books on shelves.

shelf-guides: This is the most logical choice. The term "shelf-guides" suggests guides or instructions directly related to the shelves, which aligns well with the context of finding books placed on shelves through guidance.

book-guides: This terms is slightly broader, perhaps indicating guides related to books, but not specifically tied to the function of shelving, instructions, and identification mentioned in the sentence.

Therefore, the most appropriate option to fill the gap labeled 12 is "shelf-guides". The sentence makes sense with this choice because it indicates the presence of guides on the shelves used to locate books.

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To determine which option best fills the gap labeled 13, we need to understand the context in which the word will be used. Here's a breakdown of each option:

• Acknowledgements: This term refers to an expression of gratitude for assistance in producing a work or a part of a work like a book, thesis, or research paper. It's typically found at the beginning of such documents.
• Commentaries: Commentaries are a series of explanations or interpretations about a text, event, or piece of work. They provide insight or opinion on the subject matter.
• Titles: This word refers to the name of a book, composition, or other artistic work. Titles are found at the top or front of the work and are often bold or italicized to denote importance.
• Spines: The spine of a book is the part where the pages are bound together and usually displays the title, author's name, and publisher. It's the side view of a book when it is placed on a shelf.

Given these definitions, if the context requires a term related to the primary name or designation displayed prominently, "Titles" is likely the appropriate choice. If the text pertains to explaining or interpreting a work, "Commentaries" might fit. If it refers to expressing gratitude in a document, "Acknowledgements" is suitable. If it involves the physical part of a book's binding, "Spines" is the best choice.

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In the word "clothe", the underlined letter(s) is "th", and it has a voiced consonant sound represented by /ð/. This sound is produced by vibrating the vocal cords while placing the tongue between the teeth. We can find the same consonant sound in the word "smooth". In "smooth," the final "th" also represents the voiced /ð/ sound.

Let me explain the sound of each option:

• "Cloth" – The "th" at the end has an unvoiced /θ/ sound, which is different from the voiced /ð/ sound in "clothe."
• "Smooth" – The final "th" has the voiced /ð/ sound, which is the same as in "clothe."
• "Good" – The consonant sounds are /g/ and /d/, which do not match /ð/.
• "Thesis" – The "th" sound here is unvoiced /θ/, which is different from /ð/.

Therefore, the word "smooth" has the same consonant sound as the underlined letters in "clothe."

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The phrase "burning the midnight oil" is an idiomatic expression that means to study or work late into the night. It originates from the time when oil lamps were commonly used to provide light after dark. Therefore, when someone is said to be "burning the midnight oil," it implies they are studying or working hard late into the night.

The option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence is "needs to study late into the night" . This option captures the essence of the idiomatic expression, emphasizing the effort of staying up and working/ studying during late hours to achieve success in an examination.

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The most suitable title for the passage is "Weathering."

Explanation:

The passage primarily discusses the concept of weathering, which is the process by which rocks gradually break down into smaller particles due to physical or chemical processes. It highlights the influence of climatic conditions on weathering processes, distinguishing between **physical weathering**, which involves temperature and water, and **chemical weathering**, which occurs in hot climates.

The author also describes observational experiences of weathering, such as tree roots penetrating rocks and the mixing of rock particles with soil. The overall theme revolves around the process, factors, and examples of weathering, making it the central focus of the passage.

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To determine the best option to fill the gap labelled 8, we need to consider the context of the passage, which describes a section in a coal mine where miners are working. The passage mentions that the coal is neatly cut, and it describes the setting of a mining environment. In mining terminology, the exposed surface of a coal seam where mining takes place is commonly referred to as the "coal face." This term specifically denotes the part of the seam being actively worked on or extracted.

Here's a breakdown of the options:

• Front: While it suggests an area or section in front, it is not the specific term used to describe the area where mining occurs.
• Slope: This implies an inclined surface, which does not aptly describe the structure where coal is being extracted.
• Obstacle: This suggests a barrier or hindrance, which is not relevant in describing the structure of the coal seam being mined.
• Face: This is the most accurate and specific term used in mining to describe the area where the coal is actively being cut and extracted.

Therefore, the most appropriate option to fill gap 8 is "face," as it accurately represents the mining term for the exposed surface of the coal seam that is being worked on.

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In the given statement, the word with the emphatic stress is "TOMORROW". This means that the emphasis is on the time when the mother is expected to be back.

To test the emphatic stress, we usually form a question that targets the emphasized word, expecting an answer that confirms or clarifies it. The question should be structured in such a way that the response can be a confirmation of the emphasis.

Let's analyze the options provided:

• : "Who is expected back by this time tomorrow?" - This question emphasizes "who" is expected back. It does not emphasize the time "tomorrow" and hence, doesn't confirm the emphasis.
• : "Is my mother expected back by this time next month?" - This question contrasts "tomorrow" with "next month", allowing the answer to emphasize "TOMORROW" as a confirmation. It directly addresses the time aspect, making it the correct choice to which the emphatic stress on "TOMORROW" relates.
• : "Is my mother assumed back by this time tomorrow?" - This question contrasts "expected" with "assumed", focusing on the nature of the expectation and not on the time. Hence, it doesn't relate to the emphatic stress.
• : "Is my mother expected gone by this time tomorrow?" - This question contrasts "expected to be back" with "expected gone", again not addressing the timing of the return. Therefore, it doesn't relate to the emphatic stress.

Thus, the answer is that the emphatic stress on "TOMORROW" is related to as it focuses on the timing of the event, which is the key aspect being emphasized in the original statement.

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In questions like this, the auxiliary verb used in the tag question should match the auxiliary verb or the verb used in the main sentence. All sentences have an auxiliary verb even though it is not visible. Sentences without visible auxiliary verbs carry the auxiliary verb "did" as in "She did used to be the best-behaved girl". Therefore, the correct tag question is "didn't she."

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Bint describes her Social Studies teacher as meddlesome as she narrates how she took on her Social Studies teacher who thinks he knows "a little bit about every subject under the sun". This can be found on page 1 of the novel. 

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The word "anguish" as used in the passage refers to intense pain or suffering, both emotionally and physically. The context of the passage describes a harrowing experience where people are fleeing from danger, facing numerous hardships like swollen feet and snake bites, along with the emotional distress of being pursued and fearing for their lives. All these elements collectively point towards the feeling of intense pain and distress, making "pain" the most appropriate meaning of the word "anguish" in this passage.

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The original sentences convey two pieces of information: that she is currently travelling to Abuja and that she will return next week. The option that best maintains this information without adding unnecessary condition or incorrect wording is: She is travelling to Abuja and returning next week.

This option uses the conjunction "and" to correctly connect the two independent clauses, capturing both ideas without implying a restrictive or conditional relationship between the two actions. Hence, it accurately summarises the information conveyed in the original sentence fragment.

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The word or phrase underlined in the sentence is **"accumulated"**. The meaning of **"accumulated"** is to **"gather"**, **"collect"**, or **"amass"** something over time. It denotes the act of gradually acquiring more and more of something.

To find the opposite of this term, we need a word that signifies the act of **gradually losing** or **wasting something rather than gathering** it.

Now, let?s look at the options provided:

• Gather: This word is similar in meaning to "accumulated" because both involve bringing things together.
• Amass: Like "gather," this also means to collect or accumulate more items or wealth over time.
• Piled up: This is again a synonym, meaning to accumulate something into a pile or collection.
• Squandered: This means to **waste resources or wealth recklessly**. It is the act of spending or using something carelessly or extravagantly.

The option that is opposite in meaning to "accumulated" is squandered. This is because while "accumulated" involves collecting and saving, **"squandered" implies losing and wasting.**

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In the context of the sentence, the phrase "playing the devil's advocate" is a well-known expression used to describe someone who takes a position contrary to the majority opinion or supports an opposing viewpoint, usually to provoke debate or explore an issue more thoroughly. Therefore, the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence is:

Jude seems to enjoy advancing the unpopular side of an argument.

This interpretation aligns with the common usage of the term "devil's advocate," which is to deliberately adopt a counter perspective for the sake of argumentation, challenge, and critical thinking.

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To determine the best word to complete the sentence, we need to understand the meaning of each option and how it fits within the context of the sentence. The sentence is: "When they started the fighting, the man who tried to ____ was knocked down."

Intrude: This means to enter a place or situation where one is unwelcome or uninvited. It does not specifically relate to stopping a fight.

Interpose: This means to place or insert between one thing and another, which can imply a physical act of stepping between people. However, it can also simply mean to insert a comment or interrupt verbally.

Intervene: This means to come between disputing people or groups with the intention of stopping conflict. It is commonly used when someone steps in to stop a fight.

Obstruct: This means to block or hinder progress. It does not specifically involve stopping a fight between people but rather impeding movement or progress.

In the context of the sentence, the most appropriate word is "intervene". The sentence implies that the man attempted to stop the fight or dispute that started. Using "intervene" makes the sentence logical because the man is trying to stop the fighting and as a result, he was knocked down. "Intervene" is the word that best describes the action of stepping into a conflict to stop it.

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The sentence describes regions in South America where English, Dutch, and French are spoken, specifically in the areas of Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana. These areas are small compared to the larger territories where Spanish and Portuguese are dominant. The word "pockets" is often used to describe small, isolated or distinct areas within a larger context. Therefore, the most appropriate word to fill the gap is "pockets" because it conveys the idea of small, distinct regions where a different language is spoken.

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The sentence "The teacher believed her students were equal to the task" implies that the teacher had confidence in her students' ability to successfully accomplish the task at hand. This means the teacher thought her students were capable and ready to handle whatever was required to complete the task. Therefore, the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence is that the students were hardworking and dedicated, as it suggests they have the necessary skills and perseverance to succeed in the task. There is no indication in the sentence that the students were young, weak, or not prepared, nor does it suggest that the task was too difficult for them.

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The sentence discusses how monolingual standard languages are seen as the norm and anything differing from this is considered aberrant. "Deviations" fits as it means variations or departures from the standard.

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To find a word that rhymes with "hurt," we need to look for a word with a similar ending sound. The word "hurt" ends with the sound "urt."

Let's analyze the given options:

• hot: Ends with the sound "ot," so it does not rhyme with "hurt."
• cough: Ends with the sound "off," which does not rhyme with "hurt."
• coil: Ends with the sound "oil," which does not rhyme with "hurt."
• shirt: Ends with the sound "irt," which is very similar to "urt."

Therefore, the word "shirt" rhymes with "hurt" because they both end with a similar sound. The main requirement for words to rhyme is that their ending phonetic sounds match or are very similar.

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The phrase underlined in the sentence "was declared null and void" means that something is considered to have no legal effect, value, or binding power. In other words, it is as if it never existed at all.

Let's consider the meanings of the options to find the one with the opposite meaning:

1. Invalid: Similar to null and void as it also means lacking legal force or not valid.

2. Nugatory: Means of no value or importance, essentially similar in essence to null and void.

3. Void: Directly matches with null, again indicating that something is of no legal force or effect.

4. Credible: Implies something or someone being trustworthy or likely to be believed, which is opposite to lacking value or effect.

Therefore, the word opposite in meaning to null and void is credible because credible implies having validity or trustworthiness, whereas null and void implies having no legal standing or validity.

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