History - 4HI1 PearsonEdexcel

Dictatorship And Conflict In The USSR, 1924-53

Resumen

When Lenin died in January 1924, almost nobody expected Joseph Stalin to succeed him. He was not the party's best speaker, its best writer or its best-known revolutionary, and Lenin's final dictated notes had recommended removing him from his post. Within five years he had defeated every rival, and within ten he was directing an economic transformation and a campaign of terror that reached into the leadership of his own party.

This note covers the leadership struggle, the Five-year Plans and collectivisation, the purges and the cult of personality, daily life in the Soviet Union, and the Second World War and its aftermath. The human cost was enormous and the numbers are contested; where they are, you will be given the range and told why historians disagree.

Objetivos

  1. The leadership struggle, 1924-29: the rivals for the leadership including Stalin, Trotsky, Kamenev, Bukharin and Zinoviev, strengths and weaknesses of Stalin and Trotsky, Stalin's steps to power
  2. Five-year Plans and collectivisation: Stalin's economic aims, reasons for industrialisation, Gosplan, the first three Five-year Plans, Stakhanovites, reasons for and nature of collectivisation, Kolkhoz and Motor Tractor Stations, the kulaks, the Great Famine
  3. Purges, show trials, the cult of Stalin and the revision of history: reasons for purges, the murder of Kirov, the NKVD and the gulags, the Moscow Show Trials, purges of the armed forces, the cult of personality, censorship, propaganda, socialist realism
  4. Life in the Soviet Union, 1924-41: effects of Stalin's policies on living and working conditions, changes in family life and employment, changes in the political position of women, changes in education, persecution of ethnic minorities
  5. The Second World War and after, 1941-53: Soviet setbacks, reasons for survival and success, the significance of Stalingrad, post-war recovery and the Fourth Five-year Plan, post-war purges, the strength of the USSR on the death of Stalin

Nota de la lección

Lenin suffered a series of strokes from 1922 and died on 21 January 1924. He left no agreed method of choosing a successor, because the Bolshevik Party had never had to choose one, and the notes he dictated in December 1922 and January 1923, later known as his Testament, criticised every leading candidate. Of Stalin he wrote that he had concentrated unlimited authority in his hands as General Secretary and was too rude for the post, and recommended his removal. The Testament was suppressed by the leadership in 1924, partly because it criticised them all, which was Stalin's first substantial piece of luck.

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Evaluación de la lección

Felicitaciones por completar la lección del Dictatorship And Conflict In The USSR, 1924-53. Ahora que has explorado el conceptos e ideas clave, es hora de poner a prueba tus conocimientos. Esta sección ofrece una variedad de prácticas Preguntas diseñadas para reforzar su comprensión y ayudarle a evaluar su comprensión del material.

Te encontrarás con una variedad de tipos de preguntas, incluyendo preguntas de opción múltiple, preguntas de respuesta corta y preguntas de ensayo. Cada pregunta está cuidadosamente diseñada para evaluar diferentes aspectos de tu conocimiento y habilidades de pensamiento crítico.

Utiliza esta sección de evaluación como una oportunidad para reforzar tu comprensión del tema e identificar cualquier área en la que puedas necesitar un estudio adicional. No te desanimes por los desafíos que encuentres; en su lugar, míralos como oportunidades para el crecimiento y la mejora.

  1. Which post did Stalin hold from 1922 that gave him control over appointments within the Communist Party? A) Commissar for War B) General Secretary C) Chairman of the Comintern D) Head of Gosplan Answer: B
  2. Which policy did Stalin adopt in opposition to Trotsky's permanent revolution? A) War communism B) The New Economic Policy C) Socialism in one country D) Collective security Answer: C
  3. What was a kolkhoz? A) A state depot supplying tractors to farms B) A collective farm on which land and livestock were pooled C) A forced labour camp D) A model factory worker Answer: B
  4. Whose murder in December 1934 was used as the pretext for the purges? A) Trotsky B) Kirov C) Yagoda D) Tukhachevsky Answer: B
  5. Roughly how many executions do Soviet archives record for 1937 and 1938 combined? A) About 68,000 B) About 681,000 C) About 6.8 million D) About 12,000 Answer: B

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