Homeostasis
Resumen
Take a West African Dwarf goat out of its pen at six in the morning in Jos, when the Harmattan air is barely fifteen degrees, and again at two in the afternoon, when the sun over the same pen is fierce enough to make a herdsman sweat through his shirt. Measure the goat's own body temperature both times and it barely moves. The outside world swings wildly. The inside of the animal does not, and that quiet stability is not an accident: it is the animal's body actively fighting to hold its internal conditions steady, every second of the day.
In this lesson you will learn what homeostasis means, the general negative-feedback mechanism that every homeostatic correction follows, and how the nervous system and the endocrine system, the two systems you have already met, each play a distinct part in keeping the correction working. Body temperature will be your running example throughout, because thermoregulation is the homeostatic mechanism every stockman meets first and relies on to keep animals alive, growing and productive.
Objetivos
- Define homeostasis
- Explain the role of the nervous system in homeostasis
- Explain the role of the endocrine system in homeostasis
- Explain the importance of homeostasis to a farm animal
- Give examples of homeostatic mechanisms in farm animals
Nota de la lección
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- Homeostasis is best defined as: A. Keeping every body condition permanently fixed at one value B. Maintaining a stable internal environment within a narrow normal range despite external change C. The process by which an animal grows larger over time D. The exchange of gases between an animal and its surroundings Answer: B
- Arrange in the correct order: (i) effector (ii) receptor (iii) control centre (iv) stimulus. A. iv, ii, iii, i B. ii, iv, i, iii C. iv, iii, ii, i D. i, ii, iii, iv Answer: A
- Which brain region acts as the body's thermostat, comparing body temperature against the normal range? A. Cerebellum B. Hypothalamus C. Spinal cord D. Adrenal medulla Answer: B
- Which of the following is a nervous, rather than a hormonal, response to a sudden rise in body temperature? A. A gradual fall in thyroxine output over several days B. Widening of skin blood vessels within seconds C. A rise in insulin output after a meal D. A slow rise in growth hormone over several weeks Answer: B
- The hormone chiefly responsible for the LONGER-TERM adjustment of metabolic rate during sustained cold weather is: A. Insulin B. Adrenaline C. Thyroxine D. Progesterone Answer: C
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Crea una cuenta gratuita para acceder a todos los recursos de aprendizaje, preguntas de práctica y seguir tu progreso.
