Prevention And Control Of Parasites
Resumen
Every farm animal will meet parasites: worms in the gut, ticks on the skin, flukes in the liver. The farmer who waits for signs of infestation before acting has already lost weight, milk and sometimes an animal. The farmer who plans ahead, and who still knows how to act firmly once an infestation appears, keeps a healthy, productive herd or flock all year round.
In this lesson you will learn the difference between prevention, the everyday management that keeps parasites out or keeps their numbers low, and control, the direct action taken once an infestation is already present. You will meet the specific methods WAEC expects for each, learn how drugs are used correctly in parasite control, and see why the best farms treat prevention and control not as separate jobs but as one continuous cycle of watching, acting and reviewing.
Objetivos
- State the methods of preventing parasitic infestation in farm animals
- State the methods of controlling parasites in farm animals
- Explain the use of drugs in parasite control
- Explain the role of good management in parasite prevention
- Distinguish between prevention and control of parasites
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- Which of the following is a method of preventing parasitic infestation rather than controlling it? A. Dosing with an anthelmintic B. Dipping in an acaricide C. Rotating animals between rested paddocks D. Culling a heavily infested animal Answer: C
- A drug used to kill internal worms in farm animals is called a/an: A. Acaricide B. Anthelmintic C. Antibiotic D. Vaccine Answer: B
- Ticks on cattle are best controlled by: A. An anthelmintic given orally B. An acaricide applied as a dip or spray C. Pasture rotation alone D. Improved nutrition alone Answer: B
- Draining a waterlogged paddock helps prevent liver fluke mainly because it: A. Kills adult flukes directly B. Removes the wet habitat needed by the snail host C. Increases the animal's appetite D. Reduces the cost of feed Answer: B
- Culling an infested animal is generally recommended when: A. The animal shows the first mild sign of infestation B. Correct treatment has failed and the animal remains severely affected C. The farmer wants to reduce herd size for any reason D. A new animal has just been bought Answer: B
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Preguntas de repaso
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Pregunta 1 Informe
(a)i) Explain the term brooding as used in animal husbandry.
(ii) State four routine activities which are carried out in a brooder house.
(b) State four effects of parasites in livestock production.
(c) Mention four ways of controlling liver fluke in sheep production.
(d) Define the term artificial insemination as used in animal production.
(ii) State four advantages of artificial insemination in cattle production.
Detalles de la respuesta
(a)(i) Meaning of brooding
Brooding is the rearing and care of young chicks under artificial heat/warmth from day-old until about six to eight weeks of age, when they are able to regulate their own body temperature and no longer need extra heat.
(a)(ii) Four routine activities carried out in a brooder house
- Providing and regulating artificial heat for the chicks.
- Supplying clean feed and water.
- Cleaning the house and replacing wet/dirty litter.
- Vaccinating/medicating the chicks and removing dead or sick ones.
(b) Four effects of parasites in livestock production
- They reduce productivity (lower weight gain, milk and egg yield).
- They cause or transmit diseases.
- They cause anaemia through blood sucking and damage tissues/organs.
- They cause emaciation and may lead to the death of the animal.
(c) Four ways of controlling liver fluke in sheep production
- Drain marshy/waterlogged grazing land.
- Control the snail intermediate host using molluscicides.
- Drench the sheep with anthelmintics/flukicides.
- Practise rotational grazing and avoid grazing wet pasture in the early morning or late evening.
(d)(i) Definition of artificial insemination
Artificial insemination (A.I.) is the mechanical introduction of semen collected from a selected male into the reproductive tract of a female animal without natural mating.
(d)(ii) Four advantages of artificial insemination in cattle production
- It allows a single superior bull to serve many cows.
- It prevents the spread of breeding/venereal diseases.
- Semen can be stored and transported over long distances.
- It reduces the cost of keeping many bulls and overcomes size differences between animals.
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