WAEC SSCE - Animal Husbandry - 2024 (Essay)

Detalles de la respuesta

(a) Objectives of Animal Improvement: (i) To produce animals with high/large with/large yield e.g meat, milk, egg, wool/fur 
(ii) To produce animals with high feed conversion efficiency. (iii) Improvement in the quality oi'meat, eggs, milk, wool/fur 
(iv) To produce animals which can adapt to climate conditions. (v) To produce animals with good mothering ability. (vi) To produce disease resistance/tolerant animals. (vii) To produce pest tolerant/resistant animals. 
(viii) To produce animals with high fecundity and fertility. (ix To produce animals with high growth rate. (x) To produce animals with good body conformation. (xi) To produce animals for work/racing/transportation/sport. (xii) To produce animals with early maturity/ puberty (xiii) To upgrade local breeds. 
(b) Signs that a Pregnant Animal is Approaching Parturition: 
(i) Relaxation of the pelvic ligament (ii) Distended abdomen (iii) Frequent urination (iv) Isolation from the herd (v) Nesting tendencies. (vi) Decrease in feed intake (vii) Increase in respiration rate (viii) Restlessness (ix) Discharge form the vulva 
(x) Enlarged and reddened valva (xi) Enlargement of the udder (xii) Some animals may exude milk if the teat is pressed (xiii) Unusual noise/ undue noise. (xiv) Aggressiveness (xv) Loss of appetite. 
(c) Disease causing Organisms in Livestock Production: 
(i) Virus (ii) Bacterium (iii) Protozoa (iv) Fungus (v) Rickettsia. 

(d)

Detalles de la respuesta

(a) Functions of reproductive Hormones In Livestock: (i) Progesterone Ensures implantation of fertilized Ovum, - Maintains pregnancy. Inhibits Oestrus, - Causes the development of alveoli in the mammary gland. - Supports Tactation. - Supports thyroid function. (ii) Androgen -Initiates spermatogenesis. Responsible for the development of Male secondary sexual characteristics. - maintains Sex drive/libido. - Sustains the life of sperms in the epididymis. - Reduces fat deposition. -Enhances Muscular growth. -Promotes the growth of accessory sex glands. -Enhances Skeletal growth. (iii) Oestrogen - Stimulates growth of ducts in the udder.- Promotes egg production - induces rapid multiplication of epithelium in the vagina - Increases blood supply to uterus - increases the water content of uterus. - Prepares the uterus for reception of fertilized ovum. - Stimulates the development of female secondary sex characteristics.- Increases culinary activities and mucous secretion in the vagina. (iv) Luteinizing hormone -Causes rupture of Graafian follicle. - Stimulates release of ova. - Stimulates secretion of oestrogen and progesterone.

(b) Completion of table
 

(c) Methods of Natural mating in Animal production: Pen mating. - Flock mating/herd mating. - Hand/stud mating. - Pasture mating.

Detalles de la respuesta

(a) Internal Organs Found in each Region of Farm Animals: (i) Thoracic region: - Heart. -Trachea. -Lungs. -Diaphragm. -Oesophagus/gullet/throat. (ii) Abdominai region: -Liver. -Stomach/Rumen/ ecticullun/omasun/abomasun -kidney. -Fallopian tubeloviduct. -Spleen. -Pancreas. -Large intestine. -Small intestine. -Ureter. -Uterus. -Ovary. -Gall bladder. (b) (i) Records that could be kept by a poultry farmer: - Production record. -Inventory record. -Purchase record. -Input record. -Sales record/ marketing record. -Labour record. -Farm diary. -Income and expenditure record. -Health records/drug. regime record/ill health. -Mortality record. -Routine management record. (ii) Reasons for keeping records in poultry production: - Enables larmers to detect changes in price of produce, -Shows the financial position of the farm. -Helps to know all activities carried out on the farm, -For taking managpmen decision, -For taxation purposes. -For procuring loan. -To detect fraudulent practices on the farm. -For computing farmer's net worth. -For budgeting. -1o assess production performance. (c)(i) Damages that could be caused by rats in a deep litter house: - Acts as vectors of diseases. -Compete with birds for feed, -Contaminate feed. -Waste feed. -Can kill the birds. -Destroy poultry equipment -Destroy poultry house. -Contaminate water. -Waste water. -Compete with birds for water. -Cause panic/scare/stampede. (ii) Ways of controlling rats on animal farms: - Clear bush around the farm. -Trapping with baits/glue board. -Fencing/surround with wire netting. -Use of predators, e.g cats. -Sealing off all holes, -Use rodenticides/rat poison.

Detalles de la respuesta

(a) Explanation of Terms:

(i) Coprophagy: Process by which rabbits/animals reingest their soft feaces to recover lost nutrients. It helps the animals to utilize nutrients more efficiently. It is done in the early hours of the day.

(ii) Rumination: It is a process in which swallowed feed is regurgitated, rechewed, resalivated, and reswallowed by ruminants. It ensures that fibrous materials are reduced to smaller sizes for proper digestion. -It is done when the animal's at rest.

(iii) Candling: This is the process by which presumed fertile eggs are placed on a device called candler with a light source below in a dark room to detect the fertility of the egg. - It is done on the 9th and 19th day of incubation/ 14 days.

(iv) Tethering: This is a method of restraining in which an animal is tied to a stake using rope so that the animals' movement is restricted around the radius of the rope. it helps to prevent animals from destroying crop farms.

(b) Local Materials used for Constructing Goat House:

• Raffia/palm frond
• Grass/thatch.
• Plank/sticks/wood.
• Bamboo.
• Plantain/banana leaves.
• Clay/bricks.
• Rope/twine.

(c)(i) Members of Honey Bee Colony:

• Queen
• Drone/king
• Worker
• Brood

(ii) Importance of Honey bee Keeping:

• Production of honey/food/food for man,
• Production of enzymes/invertase.
• Production Serves as a means of employment.
• Sources as foreign exchange.
• Sources of Brood income
• Bee help to pollinate crops.
• Honey is medicinal.
• Educational/research.

Detalles de la respuesta

(a) Determination of expected date of lambing of the ewe

Gestation period for ewe = 140 – 150 days   

Duration of gestation
May = 31 days                     
June = 30 days                    
July = 31 days                     
August = 31 days    
September= 17 – 27 days  
Lambing date = September 22+5 days

(b) Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fibre, milk, eggs, or other products. It includes day-to-day care, selective breeding and the raising of livestock. It can also be defined as the science of breeding and caring for farm animals.

Detalles de la respuesta

(a) Explanation of Ration

Ration is the amount of feed/ diet that is given to animals daily / 24 hour period.

(b) Explanation of how factors affect feed formulation

(i) Physiological status of animal Animals of different physiological state will require different types of diet, e.g.

- Healthy animals need balanced, production or maintenance ration.

- Poor slate of an animal requires a fortified feed.

- Pregnant animals - Lactating animal.,

(ii) Age of animal

- Animals at different stages of growth will require different formulas ion of diet.

- Older animals require lower nutrients.

- Younger animals require higher nutrients.

(iii) Purpose of production

- Different breeds require different nutrient composition in the feed.

- Feed content will depend on the purpose of production which might be for lactation, egg production or wool production.

- Fattening/beef/broiler/growth will require higher energy and protein in the feed for efficient production.

- Higher energy and protein are required in the feed for traction, draught, work and transportation of animals.

(iv) Availability of feed

- Determines which ingredient

- Determines the nutrient

- Determines level of

 - Determines the cost

- Determines the quantity

(c) Preparation of palm

- Seeds of palm kernel

- The seeds are roasted.

- The seeds are crushed

- The ground seeds are

- The residue is pressed

(d) Differences between Broiler Starter Mash and Broiler Finisher Mash