WAEC SSCE - Agricultural Science - 2013 (Practical)
Pregunta 1 Informe
(a) ldentify specimens I, J and K (3 marks)
Specimen I;
Specimen J;
Specimen K;
(b) State two uses of each of specimens I and J (3 marks)
(c) Give two maintenance practices for each of specimens I and K (4 maks)
(d) Describe specimen K
(e) Name two other farm tools that can perfom the functions of specimen K (2 marks)
(a) Identification of the specimens
- Specimen I: Shears
- Specimen J: Secateurs
- Specimen K: Spade
(b) Two uses of specimens I and J
Specimen I (Shears)
- Trimming and shaping hedges and live fences.
- Cutting grass and the edges of lawns.
Specimen J (Secateurs)
- Preparing cuttings and pruning.
- Cutting flowers and ornamental plants.
(c) Two maintenance practices for specimens I and K
Specimen I (Shears)
- Sharpen the blade and oil it, tightening the bolt at the fulcrum.
- Clean and dry after use and store in a cool, dry place.
Specimen K (Spade)
- Sharpen the cutting edge and apply grease or oil to the blade.
- Wash, dry and store in a cool, dry place, replacing any damaged handle.
(d) Description of specimen K (Spade)
The spade has a long wooden handle fixed at one end to a rectangular, flat metal blade whose lower edge is sharpened. The other end of the handle is shaped to give a firm grip during use.
(e) Two other farm tools that perform the functions of specimen K
- Shovel
- Hoe
Detalles de la respuesta
(a) Identification of the specimens
- Specimen I: Shears
- Specimen J: Secateurs
- Specimen K: Spade
(b) Two uses of specimens I and J
Specimen I (Shears)
- Trimming and shaping hedges and live fences.
- Cutting grass and the edges of lawns.
Specimen J (Secateurs)
- Preparing cuttings and pruning.
- Cutting flowers and ornamental plants.
(c) Two maintenance practices for specimens I and K
Specimen I (Shears)
- Sharpen the blade and oil it, tightening the bolt at the fulcrum.
- Clean and dry after use and store in a cool, dry place.
Specimen K (Spade)
- Sharpen the cutting edge and apply grease or oil to the blade.
- Wash, dry and store in a cool, dry place, replacing any damaged handle.
(d) Description of specimen K (Spade)
The spade has a long wooden handle fixed at one end to a rectangular, flat metal blade whose lower edge is sharpened. The other end of the handle is shaped to give a firm grip during use.
(e) Two other farm tools that perform the functions of specimen K
- Shovel
- Hoe
Pregunta 2 Informe
(a) ldentify specimens N,O and P by their common and botanical names (6 marks)
specimen N;
specimen O;
specimen P;
(b) state how each of specimens N and O is propagated (2 marks)
(c) Give four characteristics of specimen O (4 marks)
(d) State three uses of specimen N (3 marks)
(a) Identification of specimens N, O and P
| Specimen | Common name | Botanical name |
|---|---|---|
| N | Elephant grass | Pennisetum purpureum |
| O | Centro (Centrosema) | Centrosema pubescens |
| P | Tropical kudzu | Pueraria phaseoloides |
(b) Method of propagation
- Specimen N (Elephant grass): propagated vegetatively by stolons (also by stem cuttings).
- Specimen O (Centro): propagated by seeds.
(c) Four characteristics of specimen O (Centro)
- It is a vigorous, aggressive, creeping and twining leguminous plant.
- It has trifoliate leaves attached to the stem by a pulvinus.
- It is a leafy perennial that is shade tolerant and drought resistant.
- It is highly nodulated, containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the root nodules, and is palatable and nutritious to livestock.
(d) Three uses of specimen N (Elephant grass)
- It is used as fodder for feeding livestock.
- It is used for roofing and thatching, and its dried stems for fencing.
- It is planted to check soil erosion and used as mulch to conserve soil moisture.
Detalles de la respuesta
(a) Identification of specimens N, O and P
| Specimen | Common name | Botanical name |
|---|---|---|
| N | Elephant grass | Pennisetum purpureum |
| O | Centro (Centrosema) | Centrosema pubescens |
| P | Tropical kudzu | Pueraria phaseoloides |
(b) Method of propagation
- Specimen N (Elephant grass): propagated vegetatively by stolons (also by stem cuttings).
- Specimen O (Centro): propagated by seeds.
(c) Four characteristics of specimen O (Centro)
- It is a vigorous, aggressive, creeping and twining leguminous plant.
- It has trifoliate leaves attached to the stem by a pulvinus.
- It is a leafy perennial that is shade tolerant and drought resistant.
- It is highly nodulated, containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the root nodules, and is palatable and nutritious to livestock.
(d) Three uses of specimen N (Elephant grass)
- It is used as fodder for feeding livestock.
- It is used for roofing and thatching, and its dried stems for fencing.
- It is planted to check soil erosion and used as mulch to conserve soil moisture.
Pregunta 3 Informe
(a) Identify specimens D, E and F (3 marks)
Specimen D;
Specimen E;
Specimen F;
(b) Classify specimens D, E and F according to their mode of formation (3 marks)
(c) State three characteristics of each of specimens D and E (6 marks)
(d) State three ways in which specimen E is economically important.
(a) Identification of the specimens
- Specimen D: Pebbles (sandstone)
- Specimen E: Granite
- Specimen F: Marble
(b) Classification according to mode of formation
| Specimen | Class of rock |
|---|---|
| D (pebbles/sandstone) | Sedimentary rock |
| E (granite) | Igneous rock |
| F (marble) | Metamorphic rock |
(c) Three characteristics each of specimens D and E
Specimen D (pebbles / sandstone):
- Occurs in layers or strata.
- Non-crystalline in nature and may be coarse, fine, soft or hard.
- May contain fossils (plant and animal remains) and is not resistant to erosion.
Specimen E (granite):
- Crystalline in nature, containing visible interlocking crystals.
- Very hard, massive and impermeable to water.
- Highly resistant to erosion and weathering, and contains no fossils.
(d) Three ways specimen E (granite) is economically important
- Used for road construction on farms and for building houses.
- Polished and used for decorations, and used as a grinding stone or for sharpening cutlasses and knives.
- Serves as a source of minerals, a source of foreign exchange and a source of employment.
Detalles de la respuesta
(a) Identification of the specimens
- Specimen D: Pebbles (sandstone)
- Specimen E: Granite
- Specimen F: Marble
(b) Classification according to mode of formation
| Specimen | Class of rock |
|---|---|
| D (pebbles/sandstone) | Sedimentary rock |
| E (granite) | Igneous rock |
| F (marble) | Metamorphic rock |
(c) Three characteristics each of specimens D and E
Specimen D (pebbles / sandstone):
- Occurs in layers or strata.
- Non-crystalline in nature and may be coarse, fine, soft or hard.
- May contain fossils (plant and animal remains) and is not resistant to erosion.
Specimen E (granite):
- Crystalline in nature, containing visible interlocking crystals.
- Very hard, massive and impermeable to water.
- Highly resistant to erosion and weathering, and contains no fossils.
(d) Three ways specimen E (granite) is economically important
- Used for road construction on farms and for building houses.
- Polished and used for decorations, and used as a grinding stone or for sharpening cutlasses and knives.
- Serves as a source of minerals, a source of foreign exchange and a source of employment.
Pregunta 4 Informe
(a) ldentify specimens Q, R and S (3 marks)
Specimen Q;
Specimen R;
Specimen S;
(b) Mention three types of livestock from which both specimens Q and R can be obtained. (3 marks)
(c) (i) state three nutritional values of specimen Q (3 marks)
(ii) Mention four uses of specimen R. (4 marks)
(d) State two ways by which specimen S is important to poultry (2 marks)
(a) Identification of specimens
- Specimen Q: Pieces of meat (beef, mutton, pork, goat meat or poultry meat).
- Specimen R: Leather.
- Specimen S: Feather.
(b) Three types of livestock from which both specimens Q (meat) and R (leather) can be obtained
- Cattle
- Sheep
- Goat
(Horses and camels are also acceptable.)
(c)(i) Three nutritional values of specimen Q (meat)
- It supplies proteins to the body for growth and repair of tissues.
- It supplies vitamins to the body.
- It supplies oil and fat, which provide energy to the body.
(c)(ii) Four uses of specimen R (leather)
- For making shoes and sandals.
- For making belts and bags.
- For making hand gloves and clothing materials.
- For upholstery work (covering furniture), making drums, mats and for decorative purposes.
(d) Two ways by which specimen S (feather) is important to poultry
- It covers and protects the body of the bird and keeps it warm (insulation), and generates heat during natural brooding.
- It aids flight and gives shape and beauty to the bird.
Detalles de la respuesta
(a) Identification of specimens
- Specimen Q: Pieces of meat (beef, mutton, pork, goat meat or poultry meat).
- Specimen R: Leather.
- Specimen S: Feather.
(b) Three types of livestock from which both specimens Q (meat) and R (leather) can be obtained
- Cattle
- Sheep
- Goat
(Horses and camels are also acceptable.)
(c)(i) Three nutritional values of specimen Q (meat)
- It supplies proteins to the body for growth and repair of tissues.
- It supplies vitamins to the body.
- It supplies oil and fat, which provide energy to the body.
(c)(ii) Four uses of specimen R (leather)
- For making shoes and sandals.
- For making belts and bags.
- For making hand gloves and clothing materials.
- For upholstery work (covering furniture), making drums, mats and for decorative purposes.
(d) Two ways by which specimen S (feather) is important to poultry
- It covers and protects the body of the bird and keeps it warm (insulation), and generates heat during natural brooding.
- It aids flight and gives shape and beauty to the bird.
