JAMB UTME - Geography - 2018
Pregunta 1 Informe
Which of the following rocks is composed of the skeletons of microscopic sea plants and animals?
Detalles de la respuesta
The rock composed of the skeletons of microscopic sea plants and animals is called "Chalk". Chalk is a soft, white, porous sedimentary rock that is formed from the remains of tiny marine organisms called coccolithophores. These microscopic creatures have hard shells made of calcium carbonate, and when they die, their shells accumulate on the ocean floor. Over time, these accumulations can become compressed and cemented together, forming the soft rock we know as chalk. Chalk is often found in areas that were once covered by shallow seas, such as in the cliffs of southern England. It has many uses, including as a writing surface, in construction, and as a natural fertilizer. Its softness and white color also make it a popular material for art, such as in the creation of chalk drawings.
Pregunta 2 Informe
Study the map and answer the question. Given that the area show on the map is in Northern Nigeria, which of the following crop combinations would best be cultivated in the area that is liable to flooding
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Pregunta 3 Informe
The oldest system of agriculture in Nigeria which now survives only in very remote areas is
Detalles de la respuesta
The oldest system of agriculture in Nigeria which now survives only in very remote areas is shifting cultivation, also known as slash-and-burn agriculture. Shifting cultivation involves cutting down a patch of forest or woodland, burning the vegetation, and planting crops in the ash-enriched soil. Farmers would use the land for a few years until the soil fertility decreases, then abandon it and move to a new area, leaving the old area to regenerate into forest or woodland. This practice was sustainable when population densities were low and farmers had access to vast areas of land. However, with the growth of population and increased pressure on land, shifting cultivation has become less sustainable, leading to soil degradation, deforestation, and loss of biodiversity. Today, shifting cultivation survives only in very remote areas, where population densities are still low and access to land is not restricted.
Pregunta 4 Informe
Use the information given in the chart and answer the question. If the total population of the city is 500,000 what is the population of ward 4?
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Pregunta 5 Informe
The most extensive vegetation type in the area marked Z is the
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Pregunta 7 Informe
One of the leading industrial nations of the world ranking second in manufacturing output after the USA is__________
Detalles de la respuesta
Manufacturing industry in Japan is the most diversified with various advanced industries which are exceedingly successful. Japan's major export industries includes automobiles, consumer electronics, computers, semiconductors, and iron and steel. Additionally, key industries in Japan's economy are mining, nonferrous metals, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, bioindustry, shipbuilding, aerospace, textiles, and processed foods
Pregunta 8 Informe
What type of climate has the station___________
Detalles de la respuesta
Climate is the weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period.
Pregunta 9 Informe
The two most important factors which account for the pattern of population distribution in West Africa are
Detalles de la respuesta
Physical conditions determine the population distribution in Africa. The topography of an area, how favourable it is determine population distribution. People tend to move from a place to another if the condition is not favourable. Nomads for example move their cattles around for pastures to graze.
Pregunta 10 Informe
A well will always contain water if its dug_________
Detalles de la respuesta
The sans bearing water or the acquifier is a body of permeable rock which can contain or transmit water. The body (acquifier) is generally a rock with permeability and porosity. They can hold water and provide sufficient rate. If a well is drilled, one does not always get water unless the acquifier is reached
Pregunta 11 Informe
If the time at the Greenwich Meridian is 11.00am, what would the local time be at a place 750W?
Detalles de la respuesta
Time at GMT is 11am, 150 = 1 hour, 750 gives us 5 hours
The West looses, therefore
11am - 5hours = 6:00am.
Option D is the right answer, all other options are wrong
Pregunta 12 Informe
The peeling off of surface layers of a rounded boulders during mechanical weathering is called________
Detalles de la respuesta
The peeling off of surface layers of a rounded boulder during mechanical weathering is called exfoliation. Exfoliation is a type of mechanical weathering process that occurs when layers of rock or boulder peel off from the surface due to pressure release. The process usually occurs in rocks that have been exposed to intense heat, pressure, and other environmental factors for a long time. As a result of these factors, the rock expands and contracts repeatedly, causing the surface layers to crack and break apart. Over time, these cracks become wider, and the layers begin to peel off, revealing the smooth and rounded boulder underneath. Exfoliation is often seen in granitic rocks, where the outer layers peel off to form concentric layers resembling an onion. The process can also occur in other rock types such as sandstone and shale. Overall, exfoliation is an important geological process that contributes to the breakdown and erosion of rocks over time, shaping the landscape around us.
Pregunta 13 Informe
One of the following is associated with wind deflation in arid region_________
Detalles de la respuesta
Deflation is an action of wind when it picks up or remove loose particles from an area and leaves a denuded surface covered with coarse material too large for wind transport. The most noticeable results of deflation in some places are shallow depressions called blowouts
Pregunta 14 Informe
Use the map below to answer the question. The most important minerals found in the area marked X are
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Pregunta 15 Informe
Study the map and answer the question. The land-form feature at the centre of the map can best be described as
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Pregunta 16 Informe
A broad-based population pyramid is composed mainly
Detalles de la respuesta
A broad-based population pyramid is composed mainly of young dependants and active inhabitants. This means that there are more people in the younger age brackets (typically 0-14 years old) and a significant proportion of the population is in the working age bracket (typically 15-64 years old). The number of elderly people (typically 65 years and above) in this type of pyramid is relatively small. Broad-based population pyramids are typically associated with countries that have high birth rates and lower life expectancies. In these countries, the younger population tends to be larger and the older population tends to be smaller due to factors such as high infant mortality rates and shorter life spans. The larger working-age population in these countries can be a potential source of economic growth if they are able to find employment and contribute to the country's development.
Pregunta 17 Informe
A form of chemical weathering is__________
Detalles de la respuesta
The form of chemical weathering is carbonation. Carbonation is a type of chemical weathering that occurs when carbon dioxide from the air reacts with minerals in rocks to form new compounds. This reaction causes the minerals in the rock to dissolve and the rock to become weaker and eventually break down into smaller pieces. This process is important in the formation of soil, as it helps break down rocks and minerals into smaller particles that can be easily transported and mixed into the soil.
Pregunta 18 Informe
'It is a port that specializes in receiving and redistributing goods to the neighboring countries'. Which of the following ports is described in the preceding statement?
Detalles de la respuesta
The port described in the statement is an Entrepôt. An entrepôt is a port or a place where goods are stored temporarily before being re-exported to other countries. It acts as a distribution center for goods, receiving them from one place and then redistributing them to other places. A ferry port is a place where ferries arrive and depart, carrying passengers and vehicles across bodies of water. An outport is a smaller port that is located away from the main port and is usually used for loading and unloading goods. A river port is a port located on a river and is used for loading and unloading goods and passengers along the river.
Pregunta 19 Informe
Which of the following is not a form of mass movement?
Detalles de la respuesta
The answer is "earthquake" as it is not a form of mass movement. Mass movement refers to the process by which large amounts of soil, rock, and other debris move down a slope under the influence of gravity. Landslides, rockslides, and talus creep are all examples of mass movement. An earthquake, on the other hand, is a sudden shaking of the earth's surface caused by the movement of tectonic plates. While earthquakes can cause landslides and other types of mass movement, the earthquake itself is not a form of mass movement. Instead, it is a geological event that can trigger mass movement in the surrounding area.
Pregunta 20 Informe
A line joining places having an equal degree of cloudiness is an___________
Detalles de la respuesta
A line joining places having an equal degree of cloudiness is called an "isoneph". An "isoneph" is a line on a weather map that connects points of equal cloud cover. It helps meteorologists to understand the distribution of clouds in a particular area and to forecast weather patterns. By analyzing the movement of isonephes, they can predict changes in cloud cover and the potential for precipitation.
Pregunta 21 Informe
The ocean that connects Europe and America is the__________
Detalles de la respuesta
The ocean that connects Europe and America is the Atlantic Ocean. The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest ocean in the world, after the Pacific Ocean. It covers an area of about 106 million square kilometers and is bordered by Europe and Africa to the east, and by North and South America to the west. The Atlantic Ocean is important for global trade, as it provides a shipping route between Europe and America, and also plays a major role in the Earth's climate system.
Pregunta 22 Informe
Study the map and answer the question. Intervisibility is possible between the points marked X and Y because the intervening slope is
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Pregunta 23 Informe
Which of the following is not a proof to show that the earth is spherical in shape?
Detalles de la respuesta
The option that is not a proof to show that the Earth is spherical in shape is "twilight and dawn." While sunrise, sunset, ships visibility, and lunar eclipse are all evidence that supports the idea that the Earth is a sphere, twilight and dawn are not necessarily proof of this shape. Twilight and dawn occur when the Sun is just below the horizon and its light is scattered by the Earth's atmosphere, creating a soft, diffuse light. While this phenomenon is consistent with the idea that the Earth is a sphere, it is not unique to this shape and could also occur on other types of celestial bodies. In contrast, sunrise and sunset occur because the Earth's spherical shape causes the Sun's light to be blocked from certain parts of the planet as it rotates on its axis. Ships visibility and lunar eclipses are also consistent with the idea that the Earth is a sphere because they demonstrate the way that a sphere can obstruct light and shadow.
Pregunta 24 Informe
The plains formed when the slopes of mountains are worn back in arid and semi-arid regions my mechanical weathering is called_______
Detalles de la respuesta
The plains formed when the slopes of mountains are worn back in arid and semi-arid regions by mechanical weathering is called "Pediplains". Pediplains are a type of plain that form as a result of the gradual erosion and weathering of mountains and hills. They typically occur in arid and semi-arid regions where there is little vegetation to protect the land from erosion. Over time, as the wind, rain, and other natural forces wear away at the mountain slopes, sediment is carried downhill and deposited on the surrounding plain. This sediment can be made up of rocks, sand, and soil, and can create a relatively flat and gently sloping plain that extends out from the base of the mountain. Unlike other types of plains, such as alluvial plains or outwash plains, which are formed by water deposition, pediplains are formed by the mechanical weathering and erosion of rock and soil. They are typically found in regions where there is little precipitation and where the climate is dry and hot, which can help to speed up the weathering process.
Pregunta 25 Informe
Lake Kivu and Malawi are related in that they_________
Detalles de la respuesta
Lake Kivu and Lake Malawi are related in that they are both rift valley lakes. A rift valley lake is a type of lake that forms in a depression or basin created by tectonic activity. In the case of these two lakes, they were formed as a result of the East African Rift, which is a large geological rift that stretches for thousands of kilometers through Eastern Africa. The two lakes are located in different parts of the rift, with Lake Kivu in the western branch and Lake Malawi in the southern branch, but they share a common geological origin.
Pregunta 26 Informe
An instrument used for setting out right angle in surveying a parcel of land is
Detalles de la respuesta
Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them
Pregunta 27 Informe
A mercury barometer is used for measuring_________
Detalles de la respuesta
A mercury barometer is used for measuring atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure is the force exerted by the weight of air molecules in the atmosphere. It is an important parameter that affects weather patterns and other natural phenomena. A mercury barometer consists of a long glass tube filled with mercury and inverted into a dish of mercury. The mercury in the tube rises or falls depending on the atmospheric pressure. When the atmospheric pressure is high, the weight of the air above the barometer pushes down on the surface of the mercury in the dish, forcing the mercury in the tube to rise. Conversely, when the atmospheric pressure is low, the weight of the air above the barometer is less, and the mercury in the tube falls. By measuring the height of the mercury column in the tube, the atmospheric pressure can be determined. The standard unit of atmospheric pressure is the Pascal (Pa), but barometric pressure is often measured in units of millimeters of mercury (mmHg) or inches of mercury (inHg). In summary, a mercury barometer is a device used to measure atmospheric pressure by observing the height of a column of mercury in a glass tube.
Pregunta 28 Informe
The feature marked X in the diagram is a ________
Detalles de la respuesta
A sea stack is a geological land form consisting of a steep and often vertical column of rock in the sea near a coast.,formed by wave erosion.
Pregunta 29 Informe
Use the map below to answer the question. The major environmental problems associated with the area marked Y is
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Pregunta 30 Informe
Organic components of the soil include all the following except_______
Detalles de la respuesta
The organic components of the soil include microorganisms, humus, and animal remains. The correct answer, therefore, is "rock pedestal." Rock pedestal, also known as bedrock, is a non-organic component of the soil. It is the solid, underlying layer of rock that makes up the Earth's crust. Bedrock does not contain any organic material, and it does not contribute to the fertility of the soil. On the other hand, the organic components of soil are essential for healthy plant growth. Microorganisms break down organic matter into nutrients that plants can absorb, while humus provides a rich source of nutrients for plant growth. Animal remains, such as dead insects or animal waste, can also provide organic material for the soil. In summary, while microorganisms, humus, and animal remains are all examples of organic components of soil, rock pedestal is a non-organic component and does not contribute to the fertility of the soil.
Pregunta 31 Informe
In which of the following countries is cotton growing under irrigation the mainstay of the agricultural economy?
Detalles de la respuesta
Cotton growing under irrigation is the mainstay of the agricultural economy in Sudan. Sudan is one of the largest producers of cotton in Africa and the world, and cotton farming is a major part of its agricultural economy. The country has a long history of growing cotton, with the industry dating back to the early 20th century. Cotton farming in Sudan is mainly done under irrigation due to the arid climate in most parts of the country. The irrigated areas for cotton farming are mainly found in the central and eastern regions of the country, such as the Gezira Scheme, which is one of the largest irrigation projects in the world. Cotton is a major export commodity for Sudan, and the industry employs a significant portion of the country's population. The government has made efforts to promote and support the cotton industry, with initiatives such as providing subsidies to farmers and investing in research and development to improve cotton production and quality. In summary, cotton growing under irrigation is the mainstay of the agricultural economy in Sudan, due to its favorable climate for cotton farming, long history of cotton production, and significant export earnings from the cotton industry.
Pregunta 32 Informe
Use the information given in the chart and answer the question. An alternative graphic method that can be used to depict the same information is the
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Pregunta 33 Informe
A desert country which has a high population density supported by irrigation is___________
Detalles de la respuesta
Egypt is a desert country which has a high population density supported by irrigation. Irrigation is the process of supplying water to crops and lands to help them grow. In Egypt, the Nile River provides water for irrigation, allowing agriculture to flourish and supporting the country's large population. This is why Egypt is considered a good example of a desert country with a high population density that is supported by irrigation.
Pregunta 34 Informe
Dodoma is to Tanzania as ______ to Nigeria
Detalles de la respuesta
The answer is Abuja. Dodoma is the capital city of Tanzania, and similarly, Abuja is the capital city of Nigeria. Prior to Abuja, Lagos was the capital city of Nigeria. However, due to its rapidly growing population and other challenges, the government decided to move the capital to a more central location in the country, which is Abuja. Therefore, just as Dodoma serves as the political hub of Tanzania, Abuja serves as the political center of Nigeria.
Pregunta 35 Informe
The innermost section of the Earth is the__________
Detalles de la respuesta
The innermost section of the Earth is the core. The Earth's core is the central part of our planet, located beneath the mantle. It is composed primarily of iron and nickel, and is divided into two distinct layers: the outer core and the inner core. The outer core is a liquid layer that surrounds the solid inner core. The inner core is a solid, dense ball of metal that is about the size of the Moon. The core plays a crucial role in the Earth's magnetic field, which helps protect our planet from harmful solar radiation. The core also generates the heat that drives the movement of the Earth's tectonic plates, which causes earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Understanding the properties and behavior of the Earth's core is an important area of research in the field of geophysics.
Pregunta 36 Informe
Which of these hazard would most like result directly from deforestation?
Detalles de la respuesta
Deforestation is the clearing of trees and other vegetation in a forested area. One of the most likely hazards that can result directly from deforestation is soil erosion. When trees are cut down, the roots that held the soil in place are also removed, leaving the soil exposed and vulnerable to erosion by wind and rain. With no tree cover to protect the soil, rainwater can wash away the topsoil, leading to soil erosion. This process can cause the soil to become less fertile, which can make it difficult for plants to grow and can ultimately lead to desertification. Additionally, deforestation can also lead to changes in the water cycle, which can result in decreased water availability, increased flooding, and other forms of water pollution. However, these hazards are less directly linked to deforestation than soil erosion.
Pregunta 37 Informe
Lines joining places with same mean annual rainfall are called___________
Detalles de la respuesta
Lines joining places with the same mean annual rainfall are called isohyets. Isohyets are lines drawn on a map connecting points that receive the same amount of rainfall in a year. The word "isohyet" comes from the Greek words "iso" meaning "equal" and "hyetos" meaning "rain". These lines help us understand the patterns and distribution of rainfall over a certain area, and can be useful for various purposes such as agriculture, water management, and meteorology.
Pregunta 38 Informe
A type of land-form that is associated with large scale orogeny is a
Detalles de la respuesta
A fold mountain is a type of land-form that is associated with large scale orogeny. In simple terms, orogeny is the process of mountain building, which occurs when two tectonic plates collide and push up the land between them. This process causes the rock layers to bend, fold and become uplifted, creating a fold mountain. Examples of fold mountains include the Rocky Mountains in North America and the Himalayas in Asia.
Pregunta 39 Informe
An alternative graphic method that can be used to depict the same information as a pie chart is the___________
Detalles de la respuesta
A choropleth map is a thematic map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the measurement of the statistical variable being displayed on the map, such as population density or per-capita income.
Pregunta 40 Informe
How long does it take the mercury to make a complete revolution?
Detalles de la respuesta
The answer is 88 days. Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun, and it orbits around the Sun at a very fast pace. It takes approximately 88 Earth days for Mercury to make one complete orbit around the Sun. This means that Mercury completes about 4 orbits in the time it takes Earth to complete 1 orbit. Because of its fast orbit and close proximity to the Sun, Mercury experiences extreme temperature variations, with temperatures ranging from over 800 degrees Fahrenheit during the day to -290 degrees Fahrenheit at night.
