JAMB UTME - Islamic Religious Studies - 2024

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The term Khulafa'ul-Rashidun refers to the Rightly Guided Caliphs, who are considered the first four leaders after the death of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in early Islamic history. These leaders are recognized for their just and effective governance. The Khulafa'ul-Rashidun are:

• Abu Bakr (r.a.), who served as the first caliph.
• Umar ibn al-Khattab (r.a.), the second caliph known for his administrative acumen.
• Uthman ibn Affan (r.a.), the third caliph recognized for compiling the Quran.
• Ali ibn Abi Talib (r.a.), the fourth caliph known for his wisdom and knowledge.

Thus, the correct number of Khulafa'ul-Rashidun is four.

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Hadith 1 of An-Nawawi's collections narrates the dialogue between the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and angel Jibril, in which Jibril asks the Prophet to explain the meaning of Islam, Iman, and Ihsan. This Hadith is known as the "Hadith of Gabriel" and is considered a fundamental text in understanding the basics of Islam.

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In Islamic jurisprudence, Ghuslul Janabah is the ritual bath performed after sexual intercourse, menstruation, or childbirth.

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In Islam, the rules regarding marriage are outlined in the Quran and Hadith. They provide clear guidelines on who a Muslim can and cannot marry. Among the options listed:

• Divorce: A Muslim can marry someone who is divorced. There are specific rules about the waiting period, known as "iddah," for a woman who is divorced or widowed before she can remarry.
• Blood Sister: A Muslim cannot marry his blood sister. It is strictly prohibited, as marrying direct blood relatives is considered incestuous and is not allowed in Islam.
• Friend's Daughter: A Muslim can marry a friend's daughter as long as there is mutual consent and the marriage aligns with the Islamic principles and family agreements.
• Cousin: In Islam, marrying a cousin is allowed. It is quite common in many cultures around the world and is not prohibited by religious laws.

Therefore, among the options provided, a Muslim cannot marry their blood sister due to the prohibition against marrying close blood relatives.

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Tahara simply means purification. In many religious and cultural contexts, especially in Islam, tahara refers to the state of physical cleanliness and spiritual purity that is required before performing certain acts of worship. It involves rituals such as washing certain parts of the body (also known as ablution) to prepare oneself for prayer and other religious activities. Tahara emphasizes the importance of maintaining both an external and internal state of cleanliness and purity.

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Al-Rahim is one of the names of Allah, emphasizing His mercy and forgiveness.

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When we talk about sources of pure water, we are referring to origins where water is naturally found in a state suitable for drinking, without contamination. Let's analyze the sources listed:

• Rain: Rainwater is generally considered pure as it comes directly from the atmosphere, free of most contaminants. It hasn't picked up pollutants from the ground yet, which makes it a viable source of pure water.
• Stream: Streams consist of water that flows naturally over the Earth’s surface. They are often sourced from rainfall or groundwater and generally contain low levels of contaminants, though the purity can vary based on location and pollutant exposure. It is typically cleaner than rivers or lakes.
• River: Rivers are larger bodies of flowing water. While they can start relatively clean, as rivers travel, they often collect pollutants from industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and urban areas. This means that river water is rarely considered pure without treatment.
• Sewage: Sewage is a collection of wastewater from domestic, industrial, and stormwater sources. It contains a high level of organic waste, chemicals, and other pollutants. Therefore, sewage is definitely not a source of pure water.

Given this analysis, **sewage** is the one that is not a source of pure water by any means. It requires extensive treatment to remove contaminants before it can be considered safe or pure for consumption or release back into the environment.

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The term Al-Rahman is an Arabic word that is often translated to mean "The Merciful". It is one of the many names and attributes of God in Islam.

Here is why Al-Rahman is associated with being merciful:

• The root of the word Rahman comes from the Arabic letters "R-H-M," which relate to mercy and compassion.
• In Islamic theology, Al-Rahman signifies God's boundless and all-encompassing mercy and compassion towards all creation.
• This attribute emphasizes God’s kindness and a willingness to forgive and provide, reflecting a deep sense of empathy and care for all beings.

Therefore, when someone refers to God as Al-Rahman, they are invoking and acknowledging His attribute of vast and universal mercy. This term is often used in Islamic prayers and scriptures to highlight God's compassionate nature.

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The term "Hasan" refers to a **"sound" Hadith**. In the science of Hadith evaluation, which is used to assess the reliability of sayings, actions, or approvals attributed to the Prophet Muhammad, Hadiths are categorized based on their authenticity. The categories are determined by evaluating the chain of narrators, the content, and other factors.

A Hadith classified as "Hasan" is a sound Hadith that is somewhat less reliable than a "Sahih" Hadith, which is classified as authentic or genuine. A Hasan Hadith has a good chain of narrators and is free from major defects. It is used as evidence, but it is not quite as strong as a Sahih Hadith.

To summarize:

• A **Hasan** Hadith is considered **sound**.
• This means it is **reliable but not to the highest level of authenticity**, like a Sahih Hadith.

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Hadith is classified into two main groups:
1. Sahih (authentic): These are Hadith that are considered to be genuine and reliable, meeting the highest standards of authenticity.
2. Daif (weak): These are Hadith that are considered to be less reliable or authentic, due to issues with the chain of narrators or other factors.
However, some scholars also categorize Hadith into additional groups, such as:
- Hasan (good): These are Hadith that are considered to be reliable, but not to the same level as Sahih.
Mawdu' (fabricated): These are Hadith that are considered to be false or fabricated.
Maqlub (reversed): These are Hadith that have been altered or distorted in some way.
But the most common and basic classification is into two groups: Sahih and Daif.

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Ulul Azim refers to the five most prominent prophets in Islam: Muhammad, Ibrahim, Musa, Nuh, and Idris. Whil Isa is a significant prophet in Islam, he is not included in this specific group.

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The phrase "Subhana Rabbiyal azim wabihamdih" is recited during **Ruku** in Islamic prayers. **Ruku** refers to the bowing position in the prayer, where a person bends forward at the waist while keeping their back and head level, and hands on the knees. During this position, it is customary to recite words of glorification and praise to Allah, and "Subhana Rabbiyal azim wabihamdih" translates to "Glory is to my Lord, the Most Great, and praising Him," which fits perfectly with the spirit of humility and reverence displayed in **Ruku**.

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The Quran, which is the holy book of Islam, contains a total of 114 chapters. These chapters are referred to as "Surahs" in Arabic. Each Surah serves as a chapter of the book, varying in length and covering different aspects of spiritual guidance, moral principles, and laws for living a righteous life according to Islamic beliefs.

The Surahs have been arranged in a particular sequence, which is believed to be divinely inspired, and they vary from very short chapters, such as Surah Al-Kawthar, to much longer ones, like Surah Al-Baqarah. These chapters together comprise the Quran, which is considered by Muslims to be the literal word of God (Allah) as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that the Quran contains 114 chapters.

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The Pilgrims go to Arafah on the **ninth** day of Dhul-Hijjah.

To explain further: The pilgrimage in Islam, known as Hajj, consists of several important days and rituals. Among them, the ninth day of Dhul-Hijjah is one of the most significant. This day is also known as the **Day of Arafah**. On this day, the pilgrims gather in the plain of Arafah, which is a vital part of the Hajj rituals. Pilgrims spend the afternoon there in prayer and reflection. It is said that standing on Arafah is the essence of the Hajj pilgrimage, where pilgrims ask for forgiveness and seek Allah's blessings.

This day precedes the Islamic holiday of Eid al-Adha, which is commemorated on the tenth day of Dhul-Hijjah.

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Suratul 'Adiyat, which is the 100th chapter of the Quran, prominently warns man against his tendency towards ingratitude. This chapter begins with a vivid imagery of a scene involving horses that charge swiftly, highlighting their energy and dedication in carrying out tasks. The purpose of these opening verses is to create a strong contrast between the loyalty and effort of these animals and the behavior of humans.

In the subsequent verses, the surah articulates that man, despite the many blessings and favors bestowed upon him by God, frequently shows a lack of appreciation. This is underscored by the verse that mentions how man often bears witness to this ingratitude himself, recognizing it but still falling short in expressing gratitude.

Furthermore, the surah emphasizes that in the end, humans will be held accountable for their actions, and their ungratefulness will be brought to light. These verses serve as a reminder for individuals to be mindful of their tendency towards ingratitude and to strive to be more appreciative of the blessings they have.

Therefore, the essence of Suratul 'Adiyat is a warning against man's **ingratitude**. It urges believers to be aware of this characteristic and encourages them to show gratitude for all the benevolences they receive.

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Suratul Zalzalah, also known as "The Earthquake," primarily stresses the Day of Judgement. This chapter of the Quran vividly describes the significant events and scenes that will occur on this momentous day. It portrays how the earth will shake with a mighty convulsion, and everything hidden in it will be exposed. The chapter reminds believers of the consequences of their actions, as all individuals will witness the deeds they have performed, no matter how small or large. There will be a clear accountability and the splitting of good deeds and bad. The emphasis is to make people aware of the inevitable day where every soul will see the results of what it has put forward. This serves as a powerful reminder of accountability and the transient nature of worldly life.

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The word al-Qari'ah, which means "The Calamity," is an important term found in the Quran, particularly in a chapter named after it. This chapter is Chapter 101, also known as Surah al-Qari'ah. In this chapter, the word al-Qari'ah is repeated a total of three times. The repeated mention emphasizes the catastrophic nature of the events described. Thus, the correct answer is three.

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The Qur'an mentions numerous prophets who were sent by Allah to guide humanity throughout different times and regions. While the exact list can vary based on some interpretations, it is generally accepted that there are **twenty-five prophets** mentioned in the Qur'an. Here are some key points regarding the prophets in the Qur'an:

• Prophets in Islam: Muslims believe that prophets were chosen individuals selected by Allah to convey His message and guide people towards righteous living.
• Purpose of Prophets: These prophets were sent with divine messages to reform society and help people attain a closer connection to the one true God.
• Range of Prophets: The Qur'an includes prophets who were sent to different nations, and their stories illustrate lessons and moral guidance for believers.
• Examples of Prophets: Some of the prophets mentioned in the Qur'an include Adam, Noah (Nuh), Abraham (Ibrahim), Moses (Musa), Jesus (Isa), and Muhammad (the final prophet in Islam), among others.

The prophets serve as exemplars of patience, faithfulness, and perseverance, and their stories are frequently used to provide moral and spiritual lessons to Muslims. Therefore, while the statement "twenty prophets were mentioned in the Qur'an" is not entirely accurate based on most common Islamic teachings, it is clear that only **twenty-five prophets** are identified in the Qur'an.

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In many religious traditions, "Articles of Faith" refer to the fundamental beliefs that adherents are expected to hold. In the context of Islam, there are six core articles of faith, which include belief in:

• Allah: The one and only God, who is all-powerful and all-knowing.
• Angels: Spiritual beings created by Allah to carry out His commands.
• Prophets: Messengers chosen by Allah to guide humanity. This includes figures like Ibrahim (Abraham), Musa (Moses), and the final prophet, Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him).
• Holy Books: Scriptures revealed by Allah, such as the Quran sent down to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
• Day of Judgment: The belief that all humans will be resurrected for judgment based on their deeds.
• Divine Decree: Belief in predestination, that Allah has knowledge and power over all things.

The word "imam" often refers to a leader in the Islamic community or particularly the prayer leader of a mosque. In some branches of Islam, such as Shia Islam, the term has a more significant theological meaning, but it typically does not appear as one of the core articles of faith that all Muslims must believe in. Therefore, belief in "imam" is not regarded as one of the fundamental articles of faith in Islam.

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Eid al-Adha, also known as the "Festival of Sacrifice," is an important Islamic holiday that commemorates the willingness of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) to sacrifice his son as an act of obedience to God. Eid al-Adha is observed on the tenth day of the Islamic month of Dhul-Hijjah. This month is the final month of the Islamic lunar calendar, and the specific day of Eid al-Adha follows the completion of the Hajj pilgrimage, which takes place on the preceding days.

To ensure clarity, here is a step-by-step explanation:

• Dhul-Hijjah is the twelfth and final month of the Islamic calendar.
• Muslims around the world observe Eid al-Adha on the tenth day of Dhul-Hijjah.
• This day marks the culmination of the Hajj pilgrimage rituals, where a symbolic sacrifice takes place to honor Prophet Ibrahim's devotion.

Therefore, Eid al-Adha is celebrated on the tenth day of Dhul-Hijjah.

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The term **Ulul Azim** refers to a group of important and resolute prophets in Islam. The phrase is Arabic, where **"Ulul"** means "possessors" or "owners," and **"Azim"** signifies "steadfastness," "determination," or "resolution." These prophets are distinguished by their exceptional patience, strong will, and their role in conveying major divine messages to guide humanity.

There are **five** prophets identified as **Ulul Azim**. They are:

• Prophet Noah (Nuh) - Recognized for his perseverance in preaching the oneness of God despite the ridicule he faced from his people.
• Prophet Abraham (Ibrahim) - Known for his dedication and belief in monotheism, even when faced with immense challenges including a test involving his son.
• Prophet Moses (Musa) - He led the Israelites out of Egypt and received the commandments on Mount Sinai, significantly shaping the course of religious history.
• Prophet Jesus (Isa) - His teachings and miracles were pivotal, and his message centered around love, forgiveness, and devotion to God.
• Prophet Muhammad - The final prophet in Islam, who conveyed the message of the Quran and established the foundation for the Muslim community.

In summary, the **Ulul Azim** are the **five** prophets known for their strong will, determination, and influential roles in delivering God's messages to humanity.

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The phrase "Iyyaka na'budu wa iyyaka nasta'in" is found in Surat Al-Fatihah. Al-Fatihah is the opening chapter of the Quran, and it holds a special significance in Islamic prayer as it is recited in every unit of the Muslim prayer (Salah).

Al-Fatihah, also referred to as "The Opening," consists of seven verses. The phrase in question means "You alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help", emphasizing the monotheistic worship of and reliance on Allah.

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Ulul Azim refers to the five most prominent prophets in Islam: Muhammad, Ibrahim, Musa, Nuh, and Idris. Whil Isa is a significant prophet in Islam, he is not included in this specific group.

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The acts of Hajj are essential rituals that Muslims perform during their pilgrimage to Mecca. These acts include procedures and events that are crucial for completing the Hajj. Let's describe each of the terms provided and identify which one is not an act of Hajj:

Ihram: This is the first step of Hajj. It involves entering a sacred state by wearing specific garments and observing certain prohibitions. It marks the beginning of the pilgrimage.

Talbiyyah: This is a prayer or chant that pilgrims recite upon entering the state of Ihram and throughout the pilgrimage. It is an expression of their readiness and dedication to performing Hajj.

Tawaf: This is the act of circumambulating the Kaaba, the most sacred site in Islam, seven times in a counterclockwise direction. It's a fundamental ritual of the pilgrimage.

Ziyarah: In the context of Islam, ziyarah generally refers to visiting holy sites, which could be done as part of the pilgrimage or independently. While it can be a component of visiting religious places, it's generally not considered a distinct obligatory act or rite of Hajj itself but rather an *optional* or *additional* visit.

In conclusion, the word **Ziyarah** is not a defined act of Hajj. It is more of a general term used for visiting holy sites beyond the obligatory rituals of Hajj.

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In the context of hadith, reporters are those individuals who have compiled, collected, or narrated the sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Among the options you have provided, three are known as compilers of hadith:

• Tirmidh: He is known for compiling the collection called "Jami' at-Tirmidhi," which is one of the six major hadith collections in Sunni Islam.
• ibn Majah: He is the compiler of "Sunan Ibn Majah," another one of the six major hadith collections in Sunni Islam.
• Bukhari: He compiled "Sahih al-Bukhari," which is one of the most trusted and revered collections of hadith.

ibn Sina, however, was not a collector or reporter of hadith. He was a highly influential Persian polymath known for his contributions to philosophy, medicine, and science, among other fields. His works, particularly in medicine, were standard texts in both medieval Islamic and European universities. Therefore, ibn Sina is the exception in the context of reporters of hadith.

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The last chapter of the Qur'an is **Surah An-Nas**. The Qur'an is a holy book in Islam divided into chapters called "Surahs." Surah An-Nas is the 114th and final chapter. It comprises **6 verses** and is a short chapter that focuses on seeking protection from evil things. This chapter emphasizes the importance of asking for **God's protection** from harmful thoughts and actions. In contrast, the other chapters mentioned are located elsewhere within the Qur'an: **Surah Al-Fatihah is the opening chapter**, **Surah Al-Falaq is the penultimate chapter**, and **Surah Al-Alaq is an early revelation**.

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The pilgrims go to Arafah on the ninth day of Dhul-Hijjah. This day is known as the Day of Arafah, and it is one of the most important days during the Hajj pilgrimage. On this day, pilgrims gather in the plain of Arafah to perform prayers, seek forgiveness, and engage in supplication. The gathering at Arafah is an essential part of the Hajj rituals, and it symbolizes unity and devotion among Muslims from all over the world.

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The Al-Qur'an is a divine book from Allah. It is considered the holy scripture of Islam, believed to be the word of Allah (God) as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad through the Angel Jibreel (Gabriel). The Qur'an is written in Arabic and consists of 114 chapters called surahs. Muslims regard it as a guide for personal conduct and spiritual life, providing instructions, teachings, and lessons for daily life. It covers various aspects of human existence, including moral, social, legal, and spiritual guidance.

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The twelfth Hadith of the An-Nawawi's collection is centered around the concept of non-interference. This Hadith teaches the importance of focusing on matters that are directly relevant and beneficial to oneself, while avoiding involvement in matters that are not of personal concern or within one's responsibility.

In simpler terms, the teaching encourages people to mind their own business and refrain from unnecessary interference in the affairs of others unless such involvement is warranted or necessary. It underscores the value of being considerate about what one chooses to engage with, promoting personal well-being and social harmony by minimizing unnecessary conflicts and misunderstandings that may arise from undue interference.

By emphasizing non-interference, this Hadith aims to instill a sense of self-discipline in individuals, whereby they focus on improving their own lives and actions rather than being distracted by or meddling in matters that do not pertain to them directly.

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The chain of narrators of a Hadith is called Isnad. In Islamic tradition, a Hadith refers to the sayings, actions, or approvals of the Prophet Muhammad. To ensure the authenticity of a Hadith, it is essential to have a reliable chain of transmission, known as the Isnad.

The Isnad is essentially a list of individuals who have passed the Hadith from one person to another, ultimately tracing it back to the Prophet Muhammad or his companions. Each person in the chain is referred to as a "narrator."

The authenticity of a Hadith heavily depends on the credibility and reliability of the narrators in the Isnad. Scholars meticulously study the chain to determine whether the narrators were trustworthy and whether they actually met each other and transmitted the information accurately.

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The term "Khulafa 'ul Rashidun" refers to the first four caliphs who led the Muslim community after the death of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). These caliphs are often called the "Rightly Guided Caliphs" because they are viewed as following closely in the footsteps of the Prophet.

Among the names listed:

• Abu Bakr bn Abi Quhafah - He was the first caliph after the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and is the first among the Khulafa 'ul Rashidun.
• Umar bn Al-Khattab - He succeeded Abu Bakr and is the second caliph, though his name is not in the options listed.
• Uthman bn Affan - He was the third caliph and is a part of the Khulafa 'ul Rashidun.
• Ali bn Abi Talib - He was the fourth caliph and is also one of the Khulafa 'ul Rashidun.

The name that does not belong to the group of Khulafa 'ul Rashidun is Mu'awiyah bn Abi Sufyan. Although Mu'awiyah was a significant figure in early Islamic history and later became a caliph, he was not part of the Khulafa 'ul Rashidun, who were the first four caliphs.

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The person who attempted to destroy the Ka'bah is Abrahah. This historical event is associated with an incident called the "Year of the Elephant". Abrahah was a Christian ruler of Yemen who wanted to divert the pilgrimage to Yemen by destroying the Ka'bah, which is located in Mecca.

Abrahah led a formidable army, which included war elephants, towards Mecca. However, according to Islamic tradition, when Abrahah's army approached Mecca, their plan was thwarted by a divine intervention. It is believed that flocks of birds, known as "Ababil", were sent by God who dropped small stones upon Abrahah's army. This event is mentioned in the Quran in Surah Al-Fil (The Elephant), vividly depicting how Abrahah's forces were defeated.

The event of the attempted destruction is significant in Islamic history and is considered a miracle that affirmed the sacredness and protection of the Ka'bah. This incident is also noteworthy as it occurred in the same year the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was born.

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Ramadan is the ninth month of the Hijrah calendar, also known as the Islamic or lunar calendar.

The Hijrah calendar is a lunar calendar, meaning it is based on the cycles of the moon, unlike the Gregorian calendar, which is based on the solar cycle. The Islamic calendar consists of 12 months, and Ramadan holds significant religious importance for Muslims around the world.

During the month of Ramadan, Muslims observe fasting from dawn to sunset as a form of worship and self-discipline. It is a time for increased prayer, reflection, and community engagement. Fasting during this month is one of the Five Pillars of Islam, making it a crucial time for spiritual growth and community bonding.

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In the context of Islamic tradition, a reporter of Hadith is someone who has collected, compiled, and transmitted the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad. Among the names you listed, three are well-known compilers of Hadith, while one is not.

Ibn Majah was a famous collector of Hadith. His compilation is known as "Sunan Ibn Majah," which is one of the six major Hadith collections in Sunni Islam.

Tirmidh, known as Al-Tirmidhi, is another prominent Hadith compiler. His collection is known as "Jami' at-Tirmidhi," which is also considered one of the six major Hadith books.

Bukhari refers to Imam Al-Bukhari, a revered figure in Islamic tradition. His work, "Sahih Bukhari," is considered one of the most authentic collections of Hadith.

The name that does not fit in the category of Hadith compilers is Ibn Sina. He was a renowned Persian polymath and thinker who made significant contributions to various fields such as medicine, philosophy, and science. Ibn Sina is renowned for works like "The Canon of Medicine," but he is not known for compiling Hadith.

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The Hadith that talks about the lawful and unlawful is famously referred to as the **Hadith of An-Nu'man ibn Bashir**, often cited in Islamic teachings. It may be recognized by a statement that highlights that the **lawful (halal) is clear and the unlawful (haram) is clear, and between them are matters which are doubtful (grey areas or 'mashbooh')**. This Hadith emphasizes the importance of staying away from doubtful matters to ensure one's faith and actions remain pure. This serves as a moral guidance to make decisions that are clear and unambiguous to maintain a clear conscience in one's religious and daily life.

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Eid al-Adha, also known as the "Festival of Sacrifice," is observed on the tenth day of the Islamic month of Dhul-Hijjah. This is a significant time in the Islamic calendar as Muslims worldwide commemorate the willingness of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) to sacrifice his son as an act of obedience to God. Before the sacrifice was carried out, God provided a ram to sacrifice instead, symbolizing divine intervention and mercy.

Eid al-Adha coincides with the completion of the pilgrimage rites by millions of Muslims in Mecca, known as Hajj, which also occurs in this holy month. The first ten days of Dhul-Hijjah are particularly important, culminating in Eid al-Adha on the tenth day. Therefore, the correct answer to when Eid al-Adha is observed is the tenth day of Dhul-Hijjah.

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Washing hands up to the elbows is considered a recommended act (sunnah) during ablution.

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In Islamic tradition, the angel who is in charge of rain is Mika'il, also known as Michael. Mika'il is one of the four archangels in Islam.

Mika'il's responsibilities include the distribution of nourishment to creatures and ensuring that the earth receives water through rainfall, which is essential for sustaining life. He manages the natural world and the sustenance provided by it. This role is vital because rain is crucial for replenishing water supplies, irrigating plants, and maintaining ecological balance.

In summary, Mika'il is recognized in Islamic teachings as the angel who oversees rainfall and natural provisions, thereby playing a critical role in sustaining life on Earth.

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The prayer known as Salatul Eidayn refers to the special prayer performed during the two main Islamic festivals: Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. For each of these occasions, the prayer consists of **two raka'ah**. The term "raka'ah" denotes a unit of Islamic prayer, comprised of both physical postures and supplications.

Unlike the standard daily prayers, Salatul Eidayn is unique in its structure and is performed in congregation without the call to prayer (adhan). This prayer involves additional Takbirat, which are pronouncements of "Allahu Akbar" that happen multiple times within the prayer, setting it apart from regular prayers.

In summary, the prayer for each Eid is composed of two raka'ah, during which specific elements and sequences are observed, contributing to its celebratory and communal spirit.

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The first revelation of the Qur'an is found in Suratul Alaq.

To understand this, let's look at the context: The prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) received the first revelation from Allah through the angel Gabriel while he was meditating in the cave of Hira. This momentous event marked the beginning of his prophethood. The angel Gabriel asked Muhammad to "Read!", but Muhammad replied that he could not read. The angel repeated this command three times before revealing the initial verses to Muhammad.

The specific verses that were revealed during this event are contained in the beginning of Suratul Alaq (Chapter 96 of the Qur’an), which means "The Clot" or "The Clinging Substance." The chapter begins with: "Read in the name of your Lord who created – Created man from a clinging substance..." These verses emphasize the importance of knowledge and the idea of learning in the name of the Almighty.

This event marks the beginning of the dissemination of the Qur'an, which would continue for approximately 23 years.