What Are The Patterns Of And Explanations For Crime And Deviance? (continued)
Übersicht
Why do people break the rules? Sociologists have argued about this for over a century, and they do not agree. One thinker says a little crime is actually good for society; another says crime is the product of an unequal economy; a third says crime exists only because powerful people choose to label certain acts as criminal. These are not just opinions: each is a whole perspective, with its own logic, its own evidence and its own weaknesses.
This lesson is the theoretical heart of the crime section. You will work through the major perspectives, Functionalism and its subcultural and New Right offshoots, Interactionism and labelling, Marxism, Feminism and Postmodernism, and learn the argument AND the standard criticisms of each. Then you will apply them to the patterns of crime by age, class, gender and ethnicity. By the end you will be able to debate any explanation for crime the way the highest-scoring candidates do: fairly, with evidence, and without pretending any one perspective has all the answers.
Ziele
- Institutional racism.
- Prejudice and discrimination.
- Police targeting / stop and search.
- Material and relative deprivation.
- Stereotyping.
- Gang culture.
- Status frustration.
- Chivalry thesis.
- Culture of masculinity.
- Socialisation and social control.
- Misogyny.
- Stereotyping.
- Gang culture.
- Lack of opportunity.
- Social exclusion.
- Material and relative deprivation.
- Inadequate socialisation.
- Lack of opportunity.
- Status frustration.
- Power inequalities.
- Police targeting / stop and search.
- Postmodernism.
- Interactionism (including labelling and moral panic theory).
- Functionalism (including the New Right, subculturalism and strain theory).
- Marxism.
- Feminism.
- Age.
- Ethnicity.
- Gender.
- Social class.
- Different sociological theories.
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- Which sociologist argued that crime is normal and performs functions such as boundary maintenance? A. Howard Becker B. Emile Durkheim C. Albert Cohen D. Otto Pollak Answer: B
- In Merton's strain theory, the response of using illegal means to reach society's goals is called: A. conformity B. ritualism C. innovation D. retreatism Answer: C
- Which perspective explains crime mainly through capitalism and the selective enforcement of the law? A. Functionalism B. Marxism C. Postmodernism D. Interactionism Answer: B
- An exaggerated, media-driven reaction that casts a group as a threat to society is called a: A. self-fulfilling prophecy B. moral panic C. master status D. status frustration Answer: B
- Cloward and Ohlin argued that the type of delinquent subculture that forms depends on: A. the weather B. access to the illegitimate opportunity structure C. the age of the police D. the size of the family Answer: B
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Lehrbuchabschnitt
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
Explain the difference between stereotypes, prejudice, discrimination, and racism
"Introduction to Sociology 2e: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-2e/pages/11-2-stereotypes-prejudice-and-discrimination. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-2e/pages/1-introduction
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Lehrbuchabschnitt
Theoretical Perspectives on Deviance
Describe the functionalist view of deviance in society through four sociologist’s theories
"Introduction to Sociology 2e: Theoretical Perspectives on Deviance" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-2e/pages/7-2-theoretical-perspectives-on-deviance. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-2e/pages/1-introduction
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