Forces (continued)
Übersicht
Push a door near its handle and it swings open easily; push near the hinge and it barely moves. That everyday difference is the turning effect of a force, or moment, and it explains spanners, see-saws, cranes and why a wide base stops you toppling over.
In this lesson you will meet friction and drag, define and calculate the moment of a force, apply the principle of moments to balance a beam, and use the centre of gravity to judge whether an object is stable. These ideas turn into reliable marks once you practise the calculations.
Ziele
- Describe solid friction as the force between two surfaces that may impede motion and produce heating
- Know that friction (drag) acts on an object moving through a liquid
- Know that friction (drag) acts on an object moving through a gas (e.g. air resistance)
- Describe the moment of a force as a measure of its turning effect and give everyday examples
- Define the moment of a force as moment = force × perpendicular distance from the pivot; recall and use this equation
- Apply the principle of moments to situations with one force each side of the pivot, including balancing of a beam
- State that, when there is no resultant force and no resultant moment, an object is in equilibrium
- State what is meant by centre of gravity
- Describe an experiment to determine the position of the centre of gravity of an irregularly shaped plane lamina
- Describe, qualitatively, the effect of the position of the centre of gravity on the stability of simple objects
- [Supplement] Apply the principle of moments to other situations, including those with more than one force each side of the pivot
- [Supplement] Describe an experiment to demonstrate that there is no resultant moment on an object in equilibrium
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Unterrichtsbewertung
Herzlichen Glückwunsch zum Abschluss der Lektion über Forces (continued). Jetzt, da Sie die wichtigsten Konzepte und Ideen erkundet haben,
Sie werden auf eine Mischung verschiedener Fragetypen stoßen, darunter Multiple-Choice-Fragen, Kurzantwortfragen und Aufsatzfragen. Jede Frage ist sorgfältig ausgearbeitet, um verschiedene Aspekte Ihres Wissens und Ihrer kritischen Denkfähigkeiten zu bewerten.
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- The moment of a force is calculated using: A. force / distance B. force x perpendicular distance C. force + distance D. force x time Answer: B
- A force of 25 N acts 0.40 m from a pivot. The moment is: A. 0.016 N m B. 10 N m C. 62.5 N m D. 25.4 N m Answer: B
- An object is in equilibrium when: A. it is moving fast B. there is no resultant force and no resultant moment C. only the forces balance D. only the moments balance Answer: B
- An object is most stable when it has: A. a high centre of gravity and narrow base B. a low centre of gravity and wide base C. a high centre of gravity and wide base D. a low centre of gravity and narrow base Answer: B
- Drag on a moving object: A. is constant at all speeds B. increases as speed increases C. acts in the direction of motion D. only acts in liquids Answer: B
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Lehrbuchabschnitt
Stability
It is one thing to have a system in equilibrium; it is quite another for it to be stable. The toy doll perched on the man’s hand in Figure 9.9 , for example, is not in stable equilibrium. There are three types of equilibrium : stable , unstable , and neutral . Figures throughout this module illustra
"College Physics: Stability" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/college-physics/pages/9-3-stability. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/college-physics/pages/1-introduction
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Lehrbuchabschnitt
Drag Forces
Another interesting force in everyday life is the force of drag on an object when it is moving in a fluid (either a gas or a liquid). You feel the drag force when you move your hand through water. You might also feel it if you move your hand during a strong wind. The faster you move your hand, the h
"College Physics: Drag Forces" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/college-physics/pages/5-2-drag-forces. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/college-physics/pages/1-introduction
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