JAMB UTME - Use of English - 2003

Choose the option that has the same stress pattern as the given word.

Typist?

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Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word(s).

Gregarious animals can be found in the zoo?

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Attitudes towards the smoking of cigarettes and the consumption of alcohol may be used to illustrate typical African ethics. Apart from the fact that smoking has now been linked with the lung cancer disease, the African moralist has always regarded smoking as an indication of moral degradation. A number of people have accepted the moralist ideaon smoking. Some have refrained from smoking and those who could influence others, such as parents and religious leaders, have also exerted their influence to prevent others from smoking. On the other hand, a good many people have remained indifferent to the moralist view and have continued to smoke. The same argument has been applied to the consumption of alcohol. The African moralist, basing his judgement on the behaviour of a few alcoholics, tends to regard the habit of taking alcohol as a sign of wretchedness. The moralist holds the view that anybody who forms the habit of consuming alcohol will never do well in life. While this may be true in respect of a few people in the society, the fear of the moralist has not been justified. However, the economist is primarily interested in the habit of smoking and the consumption of alcohol and alcohol in so far as they give satisfaction to smokers and drinkers and so generate supply of and demand for tobacco and alcohol. The economist is interested in knowing how many packets of cigarettes are consumed and to what extent an increase or fall in consumption could affect production that is, supply. Similarly, he is interested in how much beer is consumed and how the supply of beer will adjust to the demand for it. He examines the habits and the pressures which can lead to the readjustment of wants and the reallocation of resources to cover the wants.

Some moral principles associated with religion tend to lead on to economic problems. Followers of certain religions are expected not to consume pork, take alcohol or smoke tobacco. Devotees of some religious groups, on the other hand, can eat pork, while others are expected to abstain from alcohol and smoking. Strict observance of these moral rules could cripple the breweries, the cigarette factories and some businesses however, there seems to be a growing number of alcohol consumers and cigarette smokers- a development which should be of interest to the economist.

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Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word(s).

The agency has sworn to deal with all the apostles of confederation?

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The opposite of "apostles" in this context would be "opponents".

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word(s).

Students could be timid?

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The opposite of "timid" is "bold", which means having the courage to take risks and act in a confident manner.

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word(s).

The company has continued to monopolize the distribution of the products?

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The opposite of "monopolize" is "liberalize." Monopolize means to have complete control or dominance over something, while liberalize means to make something more free and open by removing restrictions or controls. Therefore, in the given sentence, "liberalize" would mean that the company is not dominating the distribution of the products and allowing for more competition and freedom in the market.

Fill each gap with the most appropriate option from the list provided.

He put _____ in a basket?

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The most appropriate option to fill the gap is "a dozen white eggs". This means that he put 12 eggs that are white in color in a basket. The word "dozen" means a group of 12, and it is used to specify the quantity of eggs in this case. The word "white" refers to the color of the eggs. Placing "a" before "dozen" makes the sentence grammatically correct, and it clarifies that 12 eggs were put in the basket.

Choose the option that has the same stress pattern as the given word.

Cement?

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The best option for the gap is "polished." This is because the sentence refers to the speech being highly developed in terms of word choice, turns of phrase, and development of ideals. "Polished" means something that has been perfected or made to be smooth and elegant, which fits the context of the sentence. The other options, "advanced," "analogous," and "discreet," do not fit the context of the sentence as well.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).

The nurse was in favour of voluntary euthanasia?

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The option nearest in meaning to the underlined word "voluntary euthanasia" is "a painless death." Voluntary euthanasia is a term used to describe a situation in which a terminally ill patient chooses to end their own life to avoid further suffering. It involves administering a lethal drug to the patient to bring about a painless death.

The passage below has gaps numbered 11 to 20. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap.

A prepared speech is not easy to deliver, especially if it is not written by the presenter. -11- [A. Quantum B. document C. free D. manuscript] delivery is one in which the speech has been written out word from word and is read to -12- [A. an audience B. a congregation C. a conference D. a gathering]. this kind of delivery is usually reserved for very -13-[A. genuine B. impromptu C. guaranteed D. formal] occasions when exact wording is -14-[A. reportive B. conclusive C. speculative D. critical] such as the State of the Union Address or speeches before the United Nations General -15-[A. Assembly B. Audience C. Organisation D. Negotiation]. The primary advantage is that the speech may be highly-16-[A. advanced B. analogous C. discreet D. polished] in terms of word choice, turns of phrase, and development of ideals. The main disadvantage is that this type of delivery is difficult to do well. Reading aloud with meaningful -17-[A. vocal B. bifocal C. anticipatory D. profuse] inflection requires the speaker to be very familiar with the text. If not, the words will come out in a choppy, expressionless way. Such poor delivery could destroy any -18-[A. decisive B. positive C. interactive D. restrictive] effects created by the carefully chosen -19-[A. dialect B. rhetoric C. slang D. language] . Lack of familiarity with the -20-[A. text B. context C. exchange D. note] could also prevent the speaker from maintaining eye contact with the people being addressed.

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The best option for the gap in question number 12 is "an audience". This is because a speech is usually delivered to an audience, not a congregation, conference, or gathering.

Fill each gap with the most appropriate option from the list provided.

Adika _____ a message from the club regularly?

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The most appropriate option to fill the gap is "receives". The sentence is in the present tense and requires a present tense verb to be grammatically correct. Therefore, "receives" is the correct option as it is the present simple form of the verb "receive".

When man evolved a conscience, his basic relationship with the other animals began to change. Until then, they were broadly divided into those which ate him when they got the chance, and a third group which completed with him for food, or was otherwise a nuisance to him in the business of keeping alive.

In the primitive situation, man was, therefore, basically against Nature but, as the battle was progressively won, conscience crept in: the awareness of responsibility, and a failure to meet it, produced feelings of guilt. Those who live in cities and need no longer do battle against Nature are nowadays most actively for Nature. At this time, something like a thousand kinds of animals (vertebrate animals) can be in danger of would hardly justify the extermination of a giant reptile whose family has existed for 200 million years. Leopards are in jeopardy because of the fashion for their skins. As they get rare, the prices rise and as leopard skin coats become more expensive, the demand increases. No species can long survive the price of #60,000 which a half-grown baby leopard now carries on its skin. And crocodiles, the longest surviving reptiles, are now dwindling alarmingly as a result of the fashion in crocodile skin for ladies ‘handbags and men’s shoes.

The human population explosion spreads mankind across the land surfaces of the earth at an alarming rate. There will be twice as many of us are dead. Does this mean no room for wild animals? Of course not. With ingenuity and forethought, a place can be kept for them. To destroy their habitat is as unnecessary as it would be to pull down a great cathedral in order to grow potatoes on the site. A campaign to save what remains is the concern of a new kind of Noah’s Ark- the World Wildlife Fund. It does not believe that all is lost.

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According to the passage, the statement that is true is: "Man poses the greatest threat to Nature." The passage explains how man's relationship with nature has evolved over time, and how the increasing human population is putting pressure on the habitats of wild animals. It also describes how man's conscience has developed over time, leading to a greater awareness of the need to protect nature. However, despite this awareness, many species of animals are still in danger of extinction due to human activities such as hunting and habitat destruction. Therefore, the passage suggests that man is the greatest threat to nature.

The passage below has gaps numbered 11 to 20. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap.

A prepared speech is not easy to deliver, especially if it is not written by the presenter. -11- [A. Quantum B. document C. free D. manuscript] delivery is one in which the speech has been written out word from word and is read to -12- [A. an audience B. a congregation C. a conference D. a gathering]. this kind of delivery is usually reserved for very -13-[A. genuine B. impromptu C. guaranteed D. formal] occasions when exact wording is -14-[A. reportive B. conclusive C. speculative D. critical] such as the State of the Union Address or speeches before the United Nations General -15-[A. Assembly B. Audience C. Organisation D. Negotiation]. The primary advantage is that the speech may be highly-16-[A. advanced B. analogous C. discreet D. polished] in terms of word choice, turns of phrase, and development of ideals. The main disadvantage is that this type of delivery is difficult to do well. Reading aloud with meaningful -17-[A. vocal B. bifocal C. anticipatory D. profuse] inflection requires the speaker to be very familiar with the text. If not, the words will come out in a choppy, expressionless way. Such poor delivery could destroy any -18-[A. decisive B. positive C. interactive D. restrictive] effects created by the carefully chosen -19-[A. dialect B. rhetoric C. slang D. language] . Lack of familiarity with the -20-[A. text B. context C. exchange D. note] could also prevent the speaker from maintaining eye contact with the people being addressed.

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The best option to complete the gap is "Manuscript". The sentence talks about a prepared speech that is not easy to deliver, especially if it is not written by the presenter. The word "manuscript" refers to a written or typed copy of a speech, book, or other document before it has been published or printed. Therefore, option D, "Manuscript," is the most appropriate option to complete the gap.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined. Publishing as a business venture has become a hot potato in Nigeria?

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Hot Potato means a controversial issue or situation which is awkward to deal with.

Fill each gap with the most appropriate option from the list provided.

Three quarters of the people in the village _____ killed but only half of their huts ______ affected?

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Fill each gap with the most appropriate option from the list provided.

Ali plays _____ violin with remarkable skill?

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The most appropriate option to fill the gap is "the". "The" is the definite article used before a singular noun to refer to a specific person or thing. In this case, the speaker is referring to a specific violin, the one played by Ali. So, we use "the" to show that we are talking about a specific instrument.

When man evolved a conscience, his basic relationship with the other animals began to change. Until then, they were broadly divided into those which ate him when they got the chance, and a third group which completed with him for food, or was otherwise a nuisance to him in the business of keeping alive.

In the primitive situation, man was, therefore, basically against Nature but, as the battle was progressively won, conscience crept in: the awareness of responsibility, and a failure to meet it, produced feelings of guilt. Those who live in cities and need no longer do battle against Nature are nowadays most actively for Nature. At this time, something like a thousand kinds of animals (vertebrate animals) can be in danger of would hardly justify the extermination of a giant reptile whose family has existed for 200 million years. Leopards are in jeopardy because of the fashion for their skins. As they get rare, the prices rise and as leopard skin coats become more expensive, the demand increases. No species can long survive the price of #60,000 which a half-grown baby leopard now carries on its skin. And crocodiles, the longest surviving reptiles, are now dwindling alarmingly as a result of the fashion in crocodile skin for ladies ‘handbags and men’s shoes.

The human population explosion spreads mankind across the land surfaces of the earth at an alarming rate. There will be twice as many of us are dead. Does this mean no room for wild animals? Of course not. With ingenuity and forethought, a place can be kept for them. To destroy their habitat is as unnecessary as it would be to pull down a great cathedral in order to grow potatoes on the site. A campaign to save what remains is the concern of a new kind of Noah’s Ark- the World Wildlife Fund. It does not believe that all is lost.

The sentence There will be twice as many of us before of us are deed means

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The words in capital letters has emphatic stress. Choose the option to which the sentence relates.

My MOTHER served rice and fresh fish stew for dinner.

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Fill each gap with the most appropriate option from the list provided.

It is bad to take _______ property without permission?

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Fill each gap with the most appropriate option from the list provided.

The armed robbers went into the house and robbed the three _____?

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The correct option is "woman occupants". This is because the word "woman" is singular and "occupants" is plural, therefore the correct possessive form is "woman occupants" indicating that the women are the occupants of the house that was robbed.

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

If he went to London, he would see the Queen?

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Fill each gap with the most appropriate option from the list provided.

Four weeks _____ enough for the police to conclude their investigation?

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The correct option to fill the gap is "is". This is because the subject of the sentence is "four weeks", which is a singular noun and requires a singular verb to agree with it. "Is" is the singular form of the verb "to be", so it is the correct choice here. The sentence means that the speaker believes that a period of four weeks is sufficient for the police to complete their investigation.

Choose the option that best has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined?

chateau?

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Choose the option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.

market

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Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).

The leader has the unstinting support of his party?

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The word "unstinting" refers to something that is given or provided generously without any hesitation or reservation. Therefore, the option nearest in meaning is "unsparing", which means providing or giving generously without holding back or being sparing.

Choose the option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.

Colonel?

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Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).

Before announcing his retirement, Ochima resolved to settle an account with the bank?

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The option nearest in meaning to the underlined phrase “settle an account with” is “pay back all he owes”. This means that Ochima planned to repay all the money he owes to the bank before he retires.

Attitudes towards the smoking of cigarettes and the consumption of alcohol may be used to illustrate typical African ethics. Apart from the fact that smoking has now been linked with the lung cancer disease, the African moralist has always regarded smoking as an indication of moral degradation. A number of people have accepted the moralist ideaon smoking. Some have refrained from smoking and those who could influence others, such as parents and religious leaders, have also exerted their influence to prevent others from smoking. On the other hand, a good many people have remained indifferent to the moralist view and have continued to smoke. The same argument has been applied to the consumption of alcohol. The African moralist, basing his judgement on the behaviour of a few alcoholics, tends to regard the habit of taking alcohol as a sign of wretchedness. The moralist holds the view that anybody who forms the habit of consuming alcohol will never do well in life. While this may be true in respect of a few people in the society, the fear of the moralist has not been justified. However, the economist is primarily interested in the habit of smoking and the consumption of alcohol and alcohol in so far as they give satisfaction to smokers and drinkers and so generate supply of and demand for tobacco and alcohol. The economist is interested in knowing how many packets of cigarettes are consumed and to what extent an increase or fall in consumption could affect production that is, supply. Similarly, he is interested in how much beer is consumed and how the supply of beer will adjust to the demand for it. He examines the habits and the pressures which can lead to the readjustment of wants and the reallocation of resources to cover the wants.

Some moral principles associated with religion tend to lead on to economic problems. Followers of certain religions are expected not to consume pork, take alcohol or smoke tobacco. Devotees of some religious groups, on the other hand, can eat pork, while others are expected to abstain from alcohol and smoking. Strict observance of these moral rules could cripple the breweries, the cigarette factories and some businesses however, there seems to be a growing number of alcohol consumers and cigarette smokers- a development which should be of interest to the economist.

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Choose the option that has a different vowel sound from the others?

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The word that has a different vowel sound from the others is 'weird'. The vowel sound in 'weird' is the same as in 'beer', while the other three words have the same vowel sound as in 'air'.

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

The elders rebuked Olu for taking issue with his principal?

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The sentence means that Olu was criticized or scolded by the elders for having a disagreement or conflict with his principal. Therefore, the best option that explains the information conveyed in the sentence is "Olu was reprimanded for arguing with his principal."

Fill each gap with the most appropriate option from the list provided.

The woman is one of the _______ of the society?

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The most appropriate option to fill the blank in the sentence is "elites". This is because "elites" refers to a group of people who are considered to be the most powerful, influential, or wealthy within a particular society. The sentence is referring to a woman who is part of this group of people, hence "elites" is the correct word to use.

Choose the option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.
Tend?

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The underlined letters in "tend" are "e" and "d". The option that has the same vowel sound as "e" is "jeopardy" (pronounced as "jep-er-dee"). Therefore, the answer is "jeopardy".

The words in capital letters has emphatic stress. Choose the option to which the sentence relates.

The President SPOKE to the press.

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Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

Ngozi has always considered her father to be an impassioned man?

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The sentence means that Ngozi believes her father to be a person who has a lot of strong feelings and expresses them with enthusiasm. Therefore, the best option is "Her father is an emotional man".

The passage below has gaps numbered 11 to 20. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap.

A prepared speech is not easy to deliver, especially if it is not written by the presenter. -11- [A. Quantum B. document C. free D. manuscript] delivery is one in which the speech has been written out word from word and is read to -12- [A. an audience B. a congregation C. a conference D. a gathering]. this kind of delivery is usually reserved for very -13-[A. genuine B. impromptu C. guaranteed D. formal] occasions when exact wording is -14-[A. reportive B. conclusive C. speculative D. critical] such as the State of the Union Address or speeches before the United Nations General -15-[A. Assembly B. Audience C. Organisation D. Negotiation]. The primary advantage is that the speech may be highly-16-[A. advanced B. analogous C. discreet D. polished] in terms of word choice, turns of phrase, and development of ideals. The main disadvantage is that this type of delivery is difficult to do well. Reading aloud with meaningful -17-[A. vocal B. bifocal C. anticipatory D. profuse] inflection requires the speaker to be very familiar with the text. If not, the words will come out in a choppy, expressionless way. Such poor delivery could destroy any -18-[A. decisive B. positive C. interactive D. restrictive] effects created by the carefully chosen -19-[A. dialect B. rhetoric C. slang D. language] . Lack of familiarity with the -20-[A. text B. context C. exchange D. note] could also prevent the speaker from maintaining eye contact with the people being addressed.

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The best option to complete the gap in question number 13 is "formal". The sentence talks about the delivery being reserved for very formal occasions when exact wording is needed. "Formal" is the only option that fits the context and makes sense in the sentence.

Fill each gap with the most appropriate option from the list provided.

It was a free-for-all and the students were blamed for taking the law _____ ?

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The most appropriate option for the gap is "into their own hands". The phrase "taking the law into their own hands" means to take action without waiting for official intervention, often involving violent or illegal means to seek justice or retribution. In the context of the sentence, the situation was chaotic and uncontrolled, suggesting that the students acted on their own and took matters into their own hands, without waiting for the authorities to intervene. Therefore, the most appropriate option for the gap is "into their own hands".

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Read the passage below carefully and answer the questions that follow.

The 2002 World Cup Competition, also called Korea/Japan 2002, kicked off with a match between the defending champions, France, and the Senegalese nation team from African. Nobody had given the Senegalese any chance against the star-studded defending champions but the 1-0 score line in favour of Senegal showed that African football can no longer be taken for granted. .

This shocking defeat of France had raised Africa’s hopes of going beyond the first round of the tournament. So when the Super Eagles of Nigeria filed out against Argentina on the morning of Sunday, June the second, 2002, many Nigeria football enthusiasts delayed attending church service to watch the match live on television. As expected, the Super Eagles put up strong resistance to the Argentinian challenge and the day would not have ended on a sombre note for Nigerians if the momentum had been sustained throughout the match. .

The hope of going beyond the first round, though precarious, was very much alive as the Eagles were expected to defeat their next opponents, Sweden and Eagles. But some shortcomings in the Nigerian national team needed to be rectified to brighten their chances against their next opponents. .

First, the defence needed to be strengthened to prevent the opponents from incessantly terrorizing the goalkeeper. Then the strikers also needed to improve on their lacklustre performance against Argentina, since every Nigerian expected them to overwhelm their next opponents in the opening rounds. Lastly, rather that gamble with unfit players, a more creative use of the reserves would be necessary to smooth the way to the next round. .

If World Cup debutants, Senegal, could nurse the hope of playing in the knock-out stages of the tournament, then the Eagles should soar instead of being intimidated by big names, for no team is invincible.

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Fill each gap with the most appropriate option from the list provided.

Idakwo ran _____ miss the train?

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Fill each gap with the most appropriate option from the list provided.

Be careful not to _____ this money?

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The correct option to fill in the blank is "lose." "Lose" is a verb that means to be deprived of or to fail to keep possession of something. In the given sentence, the speaker is cautioning someone to not lose the money, which means they should be careful to keep it and not misplace it. The other options are not appropriate in this context. "Loose" is an adjective that means not tight or not firmly fixed in place. "Lost" is the past tense of "lose" and is used to describe something that was previously misplaced or missing. "Loss" is a noun that refers to the act of losing or the amount that is lost.

Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?

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The statement that is true according to the passage is that there are differing attitudes towards smoking and drinking in African ethics, with some moralists viewing them as signs of moral degradation and wretchedness, respectively, while others remain indifferent. The economist is primarily interested in the economic implications of smoking and drinking, such as their effect on supply and demand for tobacco and alcohol. Additionally, strict adherence to certain religious principles regarding consumption of pork, alcohol, and tobacco could potentially have negative economic effects on industries that produce these goods. The passage does not state that everyone ignores the moralist view, that total abstinence is a religious obligation, or that smoking and drinking have positive effects on health or the economy.

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word(s).

I am loath to do the assignment?

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The opposite in meaning to "loath" is "willing." In the given sentence, "loath" means that the person is reluctant or unwilling to do the assignment. Therefore, "willing" is the option that expresses the opposite meaning as it means being ready, eager or enthusiastic to do something.

Choose the option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.

Guard?

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The option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the underlined letters in "guard" is "guide". Both "guard" and "guide" have the same vowel sound, which is the diphthong "ai" /aɪ/.

The passage below has gaps numbered 11 to 20. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap.

A prepared speech is not easy to deliver, especially if it is not written by the presenter. -11- [A. Quantum B. document C. free D. manuscript] delivery is one in which the speech has been written out word from word and is read to -12- [A. an audience B. a congregation C. a conference D. a gathering]. this kind of delivery is usually reserved for very -13-[A. genuine B. impromptu C. guaranteed D. formal] occasions when exact wording is -14-[A. reportive B. conclusive C. speculative D. critical] such as the State of the Union Address or speeches before the United Nations General -15-[A. Assembly B. Audience C. Organisation D. Negotiation]. The primary advantage is that the speech may be highly-16-[A. advanced B. analogous C. discreet D. polished] in terms of word choice, turns of phrase, and development of ideals. The main disadvantage is that this type of delivery is difficult to do well. Reading aloud with meaningful -17-[A. vocal B. bifocal C. anticipatory D. profuse] inflection requires the speaker to be very familiar with the text. If not, the words will come out in a choppy, expressionless way. Such poor delivery could destroy any -18-[A. decisive B. positive C. interactive D. restrictive] effects created by the carefully chosen -19-[A. dialect B. rhetoric C. slang D. language] . Lack of familiarity with the -20-[A. text B. context C. exchange D. note] could also prevent the speaker from maintaining eye contact with the people being addressed.

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In question number 18 above, choose the best option from letters A - D that best completes the gap.

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The best option for the gap in question number 18 is "positive". The sentence talks about how poor delivery could destroy any positive effects created by the carefully chosen language. In other words, a positive effect could be negated or ruined by poor delivery. Therefore, "positive" is the option that completes the gap appropriately.

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

In spite of his humble beginning, Audu now throws his weight around?

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Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word(s).

The witness decided to conceal the evidence?

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The option that is opposite in meaning to the underlined word "conceal" is "divulge". To "conceal" means to hide or keep something secret, while "divulge" means to reveal or make something known.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).

They party supporters vilified the Chairman for the role he played in the crises that rocked the party?

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"Vilified" means to speak or write about someone in an abusive manner. The option nearest in meaning to "vilified" is "condemned," which means to express complete disapproval of something or someone. Therefore, the correct answer is "condemned."

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

Ngozi has always considered her father to be an impassioned man?

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The sentence "Ngozi has always considered her father to be an impassioned man" means that Ngozi's father is seen by her as a person who expresses his emotions strongly and with great intensity. Therefore, the best option that explains the information conveyed in the sentence is "Her father is an emotional man."

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word(s).

A conservative estimate put the number of missing persons at forty?

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An accurate

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The attitude of the writer in the passage can be described as optimistic. The writer acknowledges the changes in the relationship between humans and animals and the impact of human activities on wildlife. However, the writer also emphasizes the importance of preserving wildlife and the belief that it is possible to do so with "ingenuity and forethought." The mention of the World Wildlife Fund and their campaign to save what remains further supports the writer's optimistic view.

When man evolved a conscience, his basic relationship with the other animals began to change. Until then, they were broadly divided into those which ate him when they got the chance, and a third group which completed with him for food, or was otherwise a nuisance to him in the business of keeping alive.

In the primitive situation, man was, therefore, basically against Nature but, as the battle was progressively won, conscience crept in: the awareness of responsibility, and a failure to meet it, produced feelings of guilt. Those who live in cities and need no longer do battle against Nature are nowadays most actively for Nature. At this time, something like a thousand kinds of animals (vertebrate animals) can be in danger of would hardly justify the extermination of a giant reptile whose family has existed for 200 million years. Leopards are in jeopardy because of the fashion for their skins. As they get rare, the prices rise and as leopard skin coats become more expensive, the demand increases. No species can long survive the price of #60,000 which a half-grown baby leopard now carries on its skin. And crocodiles, the longest surviving reptiles, are now dwindling alarmingly as a result of the fashion in crocodile skin for ladies ‘handbags and men’s shoes.

The human population explosion spreads mankind across the land surfaces of the earth at an alarming rate. There will be twice as many of us are dead. Does this mean no room for wild animals? Of course not. With ingenuity and forethought, a place can be kept for them. To destroy their habitat is as unnecessary as it would be to pull down a great cathedral in order to grow potatoes on the site. A campaign to save what remains is the concern of a new kind of Noah’s Ark- the World Wildlife Fund. It does not believe that all is lost.

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The passage below has gaps numbered 11 to 20. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap.

A prepared speech is not easy to deliver, especially if it is not written by the presenter. -11- [A. Quantum B. document C. free D. manuscript] delivery is one in which the speech has been written out word from word and is read to -12- [A. an audience B. a congregation C. a conference D. a gathering]. this kind of delivery is usually reserved for very -13-[A. genuine B. impromptu C. guaranteed D. formal] occasions when exact wording is -14-[A. reportive B. conclusive C. speculative D. critical] such as the State of the Union Address or speeches before the United Nations General -15-[A. Assembly B. Audience C. Organisation D. Negotiation]. The primary advantage is that the speech may be highly-16-[A. advanced B. analogous C. discreet D. polished] in terms of word choice, turns of phrase, and development of ideals. The main disadvantage is that this type of delivery is difficult to do well. Reading aloud with meaningful -17-[A. vocal B. bifocal C. anticipatory D. profuse] inflection requires the speaker to be very familiar with the text. If not, the words will come out in a choppy, expressionless way. Such poor delivery could destroy any -18-[A. decisive B. positive C. interactive D. restrictive] effects created by the carefully chosen -19-[A. dialect B. rhetoric C. slang D. language] . Lack of familiarity with the -20-[A. text B. context C. exchange D. note] could also prevent the speaker from maintaining eye contact with the people being addressed.

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The best option to complete the gap in question number 15 is "Assembly." This is because the sentence refers to the speeches before the United Nations General Assembly, and "Assembly" is the only option that correctly completes the phrase "United Nations General..."

Choose the option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.

Says?

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Attitudes towards the smoking of cigarettes and the consumption of alcohol may be used to illustrate typical African ethics. Apart from the fact that smoking has now been linked with the lung cancer disease, the African moralist has always regarded smoking as an indication of moral degradation. A number of people have accepted the moralist ideaon smoking. Some have refrained from smoking and those who could influence others, such as parents and religious leaders, have also exerted their influence to prevent others from smoking. On the other hand, a good many people have remained indifferent to the moralist view and have continued to smoke. The same argument has been applied to the consumption of alcohol. The African moralist, basing his judgement on the behaviour of a few alcoholics, tends to regard the habit of taking alcohol as a sign of wretchedness. The moralist holds the view that anybody who forms the habit of consuming alcohol will never do well in life. While this may be true in respect of a few people in the society, the fear of the moralist has not been justified. However, the economist is primarily interested in the habit of smoking and the consumption of alcohol and alcohol in so far as they give satisfaction to smokers and drinkers and so generate supply of and demand for tobacco and alcohol. The economist is interested in knowing how many packets of cigarettes are consumed and to what extent an increase or fall in consumption could affect production that is, supply. Similarly, he is interested in how much beer is consumed and how the supply of beer will adjust to the demand for it. He examines the habits and the pressures which can lead to the readjustment of wants and the reallocation of resources to cover the wants.

Some moral principles associated with religion tend to lead on to economic problems. Followers of certain religions are expected not to consume pork, take alcohol or smoke tobacco. Devotees of some religious groups, on the other hand, can eat pork, while others are expected to abstain from alcohol and smoking. Strict observance of these moral rules could cripple the breweries, the cigarette factories and some businesses however, there seems to be a growing number of alcohol consumers and cigarette smokers- a development which should be of interest to the economist.

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Fill each gap with the most appropriate option from the list provided.

I can't stand people prying into my private life; Ladi said ' _____ ' agreed Agbenu?

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Choose the option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.

chalet?

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The consonant sound represented by the underlined letters "ch" in "chalet" is /ʃ/, which sounds like "sh". Therefore, the option that has the same consonant sound is "champagne", because it also starts with the "ch" combination which represents the same /ʃ/ sound. The other options, "chairman", "college", and "chemical", all have different consonant sounds represented by the underlined letters.

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word(s).

The members of the congregation were inspired by the sermon?

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The opposite in meaning to "inspired" in the sentence would be "disenchanted". The sentence implies that the sermon had a positive impact on the members of the congregation, which means they felt inspired. Therefore, the option that means the opposite of inspired in this context is disenchanted, which means feeling disappointed or disillusioned. The other options such as enthralled, disoriented or bewitched are not opposite in meaning to inspired.

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word(s).

Agbenu was ecstatic about her result?

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The option that is opposite in meaning to "ecstatic" is "sad". When someone is ecstatic, they are extremely happy and excited about something. So, feeling sad is the opposite of feeling ecstatic.

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word(s).

The labour leader's recalcitrant stance was applauded?

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The opposite of 'recalcitrant' is 'flexible'. The word 'recalcitrant' means stubbornly refusing to obey rules or orders, and the opposite of that would be flexible, meaning willing to adapt or change. Therefore, 'flexible' is the opposite of 'recalcitrant'.

Fill each gap with the most appropriate option from the list provided.

If you saw the photograph of the man _____ you be able to identify him?

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The most appropriate option for the gap would be "would". "Would" is the past tense of "will", and it is often used to express a conditional or hypothetical situation. In this case, the sentence is posing a hypothetical scenario: if you were to see the photograph of the man, would you be able to identify him?

Fill each gap with the most appropriate option from the list provided.

Course ______ writers are to reflect local colour?

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The most appropriate option to fill in the blank is "materials'". The sentence is referring to writers who are creating a course and stating that the materials (or content) produced by these writers should reflect local color. The possessive form "materials'" indicates that the materials belong to the writers.

Choose the option that has a different vowel consonant sound from the others.

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Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word(s).

A cool bath in a hot weather can be truly invigorating?

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The option that is opposite in meaning to "invigorating" is "debilitating". "Invigorating" means to give strength or energy to someone, while "debilitating" means to weaken or make someone feel weak.

Fill each gap with the most appropriate option from the list provided.

Nowadays, many graduate are not well disposed to teaching _______?

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Fill each gap with the most appropriate option from the list provided.

As Obande does not know anyone in this city, he hopes that some kind _______ will put him up for the night?

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Fill each gap with the most appropriate option from the list provided.

The sergeant spoke to me in a _____ manner?

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The correct answer is "coarse". This means that the sergeant spoke to the speaker in a rough or rude manner.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).

The essence of governance is to seek the good and well-being of the majority of the people?

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Choose the option that has a different vowel sound from the others.

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Choose the option that has a different vowel sound from the others.

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Choose the option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.

Concrete?

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Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word(s).

The doctor examined the patient painstakingly?

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The opposite in meaning to "painstakingly" is "perfunctorily." "Painstakingly" is an adverb that means taking great care and effort to do something thoroughly and accurately. In the given sentence, it implies that the doctor took a lot of time and effort to examine the patient with care and precision. On the other hand, "perfunctorily" is an adverb that means to do something with little interest or effort, just going through the motions. Therefore, if the doctor examined the patient "perfunctorily," it would suggest that they did it without much attention or care, just going through the motions without taking the time to do a thorough examination. The other options are not appropriate antonyms in this context. "Carefully" is a synonym for "painstakingly." "Professionally" means to do something in a skilled and competent way, which is not necessarily the opposite of "painstakingly." "Painfully" is an adverb that means causing physical or emotional pain, which is not relevant to the context of examining a patient.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).

The company is to shed three thousand staff this year?

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The underlined word "shed" in this context means "lay off." This means that the company plans to terminate the employment of three thousand staff members this year. "Throw up" means to vomit, "placate" means to calm or soothe someone, and "demote" means to reduce someone's rank or position.

Fill each gap with the most appropriate option from the list provided.

I have the _____ of meeting the President?

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The correct option is "privilege". This is the correct spelling of the word that means a special advantage or opportunity.

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The positions maintained by the moralist and the economist can be described as being at variance. The moralist is concerned with the ethical implications of smoking and alcohol consumption, while the economist is primarily interested in the economic implications. While the moralist may view smoking and alcohol consumption as morally degrading, the economist focuses on the supply and demand for these products and their impact on production. There may be some overlap in their concerns, but their perspectives and priorities are different, leading to a divergence in their positions.

Fill each gap with the most appropriate option from the list provided.

It is often _____ that inflation _____ from too much money chasing very few goods?

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Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word(s).

He is well known for his inordinate ambition?

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The opposite of "inordinate" is "moderate". "Inordinate" means excessive or beyond what is reasonable, whereas "moderate" means within reasonable limits or not excessive. Therefore, "moderate", is the correct answer.

Fill each gap with the most appropriate option from the list provided.

My classmate _____ I haven't seen for years, wrote to me last week?

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The correct option to fill the gap is "whom". "Whom" is used as the object of a verb or preposition, and refers to the person being acted upon. In this sentence, the classmate is the object of the verb "have not seen", and therefore "whom" is the appropriate pronoun to use.

Fill each gap with the most appropriate option from the list provided.

How is the new editor _____ on with his work?

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The correct option is "getting". "Getting on" is a phrasal verb that means "making progress" or "proceeding". Therefore, the question is asking about the progress of the new editor's work.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).

The cynics feared that the nation's nascent democracy would fail?

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The word "cynics" refers to people who have a negative and distrustful view of human nature and motives. The option nearest in meaning is "pessimists," as they too have a negative outlook and expect the worst possible outcome. Therefore, the correct answer is: pessimists.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).

They boys knew that storm was imminent?

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Fill each gap with the most appropriate option from the list provided.

The reason why he was not offered admission was _____ his results could not be found?

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Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).

He shared his room with a person whose behaviour was quite nauseating?

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The option nearest in meaning to the underlined word "nauseating" is "disgusting." The sentence implies that the person he shared the room with had a behavior that made him feel sick to his stomach, indicating that the behavior was revolting and caused a strong feeling of disgust.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).

A few years ago, nobody would have believed that the economy would turn around?

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Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word(s).

Toyin is married to an impatient, self-centred man

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The opposite of "impatient, self-centred" would be someone who is patient and selfless. Therefore, the option that best fits is "a tolerant".

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).

There was a glut of oil on the market?

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The underlined word "glut" in this sentence means "an abundance of." It refers to a situation where there is too much of something, in this case, oil, which exceeds the demand for it, causing a surplus or excess.

Read the passage below carefully and answer the questions that follow.

The 2002 World Cup Competition, also called Korea/Japan 2002, kicked off with a match between the defending champions, France, and the Senegalese nation team from African. Nobody had given the Senegalese any chance against the star-studded defending champions but the 1-0 score line in favour of Senegal showed that African football can no longer be taken for granted. .

This shocking defeat of France had raised Africa’s hopes of going beyond the first round of the tournament. So when the Super Eagles of Nigeria filed out against Argentina on the morning of Sunday, June the second, 2002, many Nigeria football enthusiasts delayed attending church service to watch the match live on television. As expected, the Super Eagles put up strong resistance to the Argentinian challenge and the day would not have ended on a sombre note for Nigerians if the momentum had been sustained throughout the match. .

The hope of going beyond the first round, though precarious, was very much alive as the Eagles were expected to defeat their next opponents, Sweden and Eagles. But some shortcomings in the Nigerian national team needed to be rectified to brighten their chances against their next opponents. .

First, the defence needed to be strengthened to prevent the opponents from incessantly terrorizing the goalkeeper. Then the strikers also needed to improve on their lacklustre performance against Argentina, since every Nigerian expected them to overwhelm their next opponents in the opening rounds. Lastly, rather that gamble with unfit players, a more creative use of the reserves would be necessary to smooth the way to the next round. .

If World Cup debutants, Senegal, could nurse the hope of playing in the knock-out stages of the tournament, then the Eagles should soar instead of being intimidated by big names, for no team is invincible.

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The word "debutants" as used in the passage means "first-timers." In the context of the passage, "debutants" refer to the Senegalese national team who made their first appearance in the World Cup competition in 2002. The passage describes how the team shocked the defending champions, France, in their first match, despite not being favored to win. Therefore, the term "debutants" implies that this was the first time that Senegal was participating in the World Cup competition. The other options are not appropriate meanings in this context. "Giant killers" is a term used to describe a team that defeats a much stronger opponent, which is not relevant to the context of the passage. "Hard-fighters" and "under-dogs" imply a team that is expected to struggle or lose, which does not accurately describe the Senegalese team's performance in their first match.

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

The manager paid us in hard currency?

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Choose the option that has a different consonant sound from the others.

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The answer is of. 'off' has the /f/ sound while 'of' has the /v/ sound.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).

The man's story sounded plausible to his audience?

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Choose the option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.

Teeth?

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The option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the underlined letters in "Teeth" is "thought". The "th" sound in "thought" is the same as the "th" sound in "teeth".

Fill each gap with the most appropriate option from the list provided.

The candidate's charisma should be a _____ factor in winning the election?

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The most appropriate option to fill the gap is "determining". "Determining" is the present participle form of the verb "determine", which means to influence or decide the outcome of something. In this context, the sentence is saying that the candidate's charisma will have a significant impact on whether or not they win the election. Therefore, "determining" is the correct form to use to convey the intended meaning.

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Fill each gap with the most appropriate option from the list provided.

If you would do me this favour, I ______ be very grateful?

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Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).

The carpenter built a commodious wardrobe?

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The word "commodious" means spacious, so the option that is nearest in meaning is "spacious".

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).

From what she said, one may infer that she does not like the course?

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The option nearest in meaning to the underlined word "infer" is "deduce". In this sentence, "infer" means to come to a conclusion based on the information given. When someone infers something, they are making an educated guess or drawing a logical conclusion based on the evidence available. Therefore, the sentence means that based on what the person said, it can be deduced or concluded that she does not like the course. The word "deduce" means to arrive at a conclusion by reasoning and drawing logical conclusions from the information provided.

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The best option to complete the gap in question number 17 is "vocal". In the given passage, the sentence talks about the difficulty of delivering a prepared speech by reading it out loud. It further explains that reading aloud with meaningful inflection requires the speaker to be very familiar with the text. The word "inflection" refers to the rise and fall of the speaker's voice, which can add meaning and emotion to the words being spoken. Therefore, the option that best completes the gap is "vocal" as it is the only option that relates to the use of the voice during speech delivery. The other options do not make sense in the given context.

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word(s).

Only those who are gullible fall victim to his trickery?

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The word "gullible" means easily deceived or fooled. Therefore, the option opposite in meaning to it would be "astute," which means having or showing an ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one's advantage.